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credit-was to win other titles to renown.

He was to be tried

by the extremes of fortune and to teach an example of modesty under pageantry and adulation, of patient suffering and endurance under a mortal disease, such as the world had never known.

He was to traverse the world-to receive the confidences of kings and the homage of nations. He was to be the occasion of the loftiest pageant ever paid to man. He was to venture upon business experiments, in which the very honesty which had burnished his fame, was to lead him into cureless ruin. He was to come into the presence of death, and even as he sat in the cruel inexorable shadow, even when torn and racked with pain-speechless and in the sorest agony-he was to give us a book to be remembered with the Commentaries of Cæsar.

Thus he lived, and thus he died! And we who loved and honored him; who shared his disappointments, his hopes, his victories; who rejoiced in his leadership; who followed with loyalty those proud conquering eyes; we who not only followed, but believed in Grant, and in that right arm upon which Lincoln leaned, and never in vain ;-we, in a sentiment of reverence and patriotic recognition of one of the master spirits of the age, come together with devotion and gratitude to honor his illustrious name. We give him the full tribute of affection. We are with him in spirit, even as when we stood in the undaunted column of the 306. We thank God that through His Providence this fellow-citizen was sent to us, seventy-one years ago, and we believe that he was sent because it was the Divine Will that the Republic founded by Washington should not dissolve and pass away.JOHN RUSSELL YOUNG.

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THE name of William T. Sherman is enshrined in the memory of the American people with that of Grant. General Sherman, in all parts of his career, showed an original and independent way of thinking and acting that was apt to bring him into conflict with commonplace men, whether offcially above him or around him. The steadfast fidelity

which he always showed to Grant, in word and deed, and his constant testimony to Grant's inherent fitness for the chief command, are the more honorable on this account. The devotion thus displayed was always reciprocated by the magnanimous Grant.

William Tecumseh Sherman was the son of Judge Charles R. Sherman of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and the brother of the well-known Senator John Sherman. He was born at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 8th of February, 1820. His father's death, in 1829, left the family in embarrassed circumstances, and William was thereafter brought up in the house of his

uncle, Thomas Ewing, who was a member of Congress. At the age of sixteen he was sent to the West Point Military Academy, whence he graduated in 1840, being sixth in a class of forty-three. His first actual military experience was in the war with the Seminole Indians in Florida; but he was chiefly engaged in garrison duty at Charleston, South Carolina, until 1846, when he was sent to California. Here he remained until the annexation of that territory and the discovery of gold.

In 1850 Sherman returned to the East and was married to Ellen Boyle, daughter of his benefactor, Thomas Ewing, who was then Secretary of the Interior in President Taylor's cabinet. In the next year he removed to St. Louis, where he served as commissary of subsistence, and still later to New Orleans. Resigning his commission in 1853, he returned to San Francisco to become the manager of a banking-house. In 1855 that city, which had sprung up like Jonah's gourd, was thrown into terror by the outrages of villains who overawed the city authorities. The larger part of the respectable citizens organized themselves into a vigilance committee to repress disorder by summary measures. Sherman, however, took sides with the city authorities, who deprecated the movement, but could not enforce the laws. He returned to the East, and in 1859, having applied to the War Department for occupation, he accepted an appointment as superintendent of the Louisiana Military Academy. This position he retained until Louisiana seceded from the Union. Returning to the North, he offered his services to the Federal Government, and in June, 1861, he was made colonel of the Thirteenth Infantry.

He was engaged in the disastrous battle of Bull Run, commanding a brigade, which fought more vigorously and suffered more loss than any other in that fight. For his gallantry he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and was soon after assigned to a command in Kentucky. Here he found that the sympathies of the people were largely with the Southern Confederacy, and the few troops under his command were entirely inadequate to make any serious movement. When McClellan was made commander-in-chief, Sherman at once telegraphed to him: "Our forces are too small to do

good, and too large to be sacrificed." His constant demand for reinforcements became distasteful, and when he found his calls unheeded he asked to be relieved. This request was granted, and General D. C. Buell was appointed to succeed him. Sherman, indeed, was then regarded as crazy, and proof of this charge was supplied by his statement to the Secretary of War, that "to make a successful advance against the enemy, as then posted in Kentucky and Tennessee, would require an army of 200,000 men."

The "lunatic," however, was placed in charge of a camp of recruits at St. Louis; and when Halleck, who had known him well in California, took command of the Department of the West, he was sent to Paducah to forward troops to Grant, then moving on Fort Donelson. After Grant had captured this stronghold, Sherman became commander of the Fifth Division of his army. In the battle of Shiloh, Sherman's division held the key of the position around the little church; and though surprised by the onset of the enemy and driven back almost to the river by its force, was able to resist it eventually. Sherman was in the thickest of the fight, had three horses killed under him, and was twice wounded. Grant acknowledged that he was indebted to Sherman's individual efforts for the success of the battle. For these services Sher

man was appointed major-general of volunteers. He continued with Grant's army during its advance on Corinth, and when operations against Vicksburg were commenced in the following December, Sherman led in the first assault, but owing to the smallness of his force was obliged to retire. He soon proposed and carried into execution a plan for the capture of Arkansas Post, where 7,000 prisoners were taken. In March a combined military and naval expedition was made against Vicksburg, by the way of the Yazoo river; and Sherman was able to rescue Admiral Porter from the predicament caused by the obstructions, natural and artificial, of the swampy stream and its bayous. During the regular siege of that stronghold Sherman's corps bore its full part; and when General Joseph E. Johnston threatened the rear of the besieging army, Sherman, turning, drove him to Jackson, which was finally captured on July 13.

A lull succeeded the close of the Vicksburg campaign; but in September Sherman's army was ordered to the relief of Rosecrans, who had been defeated at Chickamauga. The way was difficult and the enemy was on the alert; but Sherman pushed on until he joined Grant on the 15th of November. His next task was to dislodge General Bragg from his commanding position on Missionary Ridge, which had been fortified so as to be deemed impregnable. But Sherman's army gained the mastery on the 25th, and released Rosecrans from his imprisonment in Chattanooga. The Confederates were driven off into Georgia, and Sherman started to relieve Burnside, who, like Rosecrans, was besieged in Knoxville. The Confederate General Longstreet withdrew on his approach, and Tennessee was again entirely in possession of the Union armies. The hardships surmounted in this autumn campaign among the mountains of Tennessee and Northern Georgia had never been exceeded in the war. The winter was diversified with raids in Mississippi.

When Grant was, in March, 1864, placed at the head of all the forces of the Union, Sherman succeeded to his command of the Western armies. When Grant set out for Richmond, Sherman started on a similar campaign towards Atlanta-or, rather, as he declared in his "Memoirs," the objective was the "army of Joe Johnston," go where it might. Johnston retreated, Parthian-like, striking as he fell back. The movement was through a wooded mountainous region, with wretched roads, readily obstructed, and often turned into quagmires by rain. The fighting was continuous from June 10 to July 3, the severest being at Kenesaw Mountain. Johnston was driven across the Chattahoochee river, and then, by the order of President Davis of the Southern Confederacy, was superseded by General Hood, who, as a "fighting general," was expected to retrieve what had been lost. But the purpose could not be realized. On the 1st of September Hood was compelled to evacuate Atlanta. For this capture Sherman received the congratulations of Lincoln, Grant, Halleck, and, indeed, of all the lovers of the Union. He now ordered the civil population to depart from Atlanta, expecting to be besieged there. But Hood had resolved to cut his communica

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