that Act; armorial were matriculated in your lordship's public and University, Aberdeen, 1593; 3, Arms of register of all arms and bearings in Scotland in terms of William Elphinston, Bishop of Aberdeen, through That the said two Universities and Colleges of Aberdeen whose influence was obtained the Papal Bull foundwere, in terms of the Universities (Scotland) Act, 1858, ing the University in Old Aberdeen, and who united in one University, called the University of Aber- endowed within that University the College of the deen, the union bearing date from September 1st, 1860, Blessed Virgin, afterwards called King's College; and that it is at the same time enacted in the first clause 4, Part of the arms of the royal burgh of Aberdeen, of the said Act that the united University, as thus viz., Gules, three towers triple-towered, within reconstituted, "shall take rank among the Universities of Scotland as from the date of the erection of King's a double tressure flowered and counter-flowered College and University-viz., the year one thousand four argent (v. Armorial Ensigns of Aberdeen,' by the hundred ninety and four"; late Mr. John Cruickshank, recently published). That your petitioners, being the principal and professors of the said reorganized University are desirous to have the above-mentioned ensigns armorial in a united and appropriate form matriculated in your lordship's public register as the arms of the University of Aber deen. May it therefore please your lordship to grant your license and authority to your petitioners and to their successors to bear and use the ensigns armorial above indicated in such manner as may be agreeable to the laws of arms. And your petitioners will ever pray. Signed in name and by authority of the Senatus Academicus, at the University of Aberdeen, on 6th September, one thousand eight hundred eighty and eight years. WM. D. GEDDES, Principal, The Extract of Matriculation. William Duguid Geddes, Esquire, Doctor of Laws, Principal of the University of Aberdeen, and the Senatus Academicus of the said University, having by petition to the Lyon King of Arms of date the sixth day of Septem: ber current represented, that certain ensigns armorial were borne......[ut supra]......and the said petitioners having prayed that the above-mentioned ensigns armorial of the said reorganised University might be matriculated in a united and appropriate form in the said public register as the arms of the University of Aberdeen, the Lyon King of Arms, by interlocutor of this date, granted warrant to the Lyon Clerk to matriculate in the name of the said principal and Senatus Academicus of the said University and their successors in office, the following ensigns armorial as the arms of the said University, viz. Quarterly, 1, Azure, a bough pot or, charged with three salmon fishes in fret proper, and containing as many lilies of the garden, the dexter in bud, the centre fullblown, and the sinister half blown, also proper, flowered argent; issuant downwards from the middle chief amid rays of the sun a dexter hand holding an open book, likewise proper; 2, Argent, a chief paly of six or and gules; 3, Argent, a cheveron sable between three boars' heads erased gules, armed of the field, and langued azure; 4, Gules, a tower triple-towered argent, masoned sable, windows and port of the last. In an escrol below the shield is placed this motto, "Initium Sapientiæ Timor Domini." Matriculated the twenty-sixth day of September, 1888. Extracted furth of the Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. (Signed) J. W. MITCHELL, Lyon Clerk-Depute. The bearings in the four quarters of the coat armorial thus assigned to the University are respectively: 1, Arms of University and King's College, Old Aberdeen, founded 1494; 2, Arms of George Keith, fifth Earl Marischal, who, under parliamentary sanction, founded Marischal College The arrangement of the two coats connected with the senior University and King's College on the dexter side of the shield, and of the two connected with the junior Marischal College and University on the sinister, suggests very happily the idea of impaling (as well as of quartering), conveying the notion of a conjugal union between the colleges. P. J. ANDErson. New Spalding Club, Aberdeen. GUNDRADA DE WARREN. I have read with great interest Prof. Freeman's palinode in re Gundrada de Warren. Taking the case as it now stands, he logically decides that we have no evidence to rank this countess as a child of William I. or of Matilda his queen; she is simply the sister of Gherbod, Earl of Chester, and her paternity undefined. But this historian has not attempted to deal with the Lewes records as a factor in the case; he does not attempt to show how such a claim arose, nor does he treat it as a matter to be accounted for before a final settlement can be arrived at. We start with the authenticated tombstone inscription "Stirps Ducum." If it applies to the dukedom of Normandy, and we have no disproof thereof, it merely excludes her and her issue from any claim to the crown of England, as being born before the Conquest and without religious sanction. This applies also to Robert Curthose, who we know was excluded from the English succession, the Normans not being so particular. To follow up this clue I will recapitulate the evidence. The earliest document, a Cluni charter, has the seals of William and Matilda; of William Rufus, as count only; and of William de Warren and Gundrada, without any reference to her origin. A genuine Lewes charter describes her as "uxoris suæ Gundreda, filiæ meœ”; the last two words are an agreed later insertion, or this document, being signed by William the Conqueror, would have settled the matter definitely. But is it possible for local interests to invent such a fraud? Would this claim be set forth without some foundation? It may be said that her paternity was always in question, and the monks made the most of their opportunity; but why was her paternity ever in doubt? Mr. Freeman must not be allowed to "beg" this question entirely. Then we have a second Lewes charter-once thought a valid copy, now termed a fraud-of 1444 A. D. Here Gundrada is called daughter of Matilda, but not of William. I base my theory upon what is stated and what is left obscure; we have to reconcile contrarieties. To proceed. Another document has, "Matilda......mater Henrici regis et Gundreda Comtisse"; another runs, "Iste [i. e., Wm. de Warren]......a Willielmo rege......cujus filiam desponsavit." Then Ordericus calls Gundrada "Sororem Gherbodi," repeated by the Liber de Hyda. Much is made of the total silence of the unquestioned Cluni documents as to Gundrada's parentage; this is negative only-it might be prearranged, it might be servile-but the fact remains that Gundrada's parentage is still a subject of speculation. origin of aureoles or nimbi is given, i. e., that the Church borrowed them from pagan antiquity. Angelo Rocca, however, had maintained that the circular nimbus symbolized perfection ("Speculum Episcopale,' t. ii. p. 135), but Zazzera rightly concludes the pagan origin of the nimbus :— "Hujusmodi porro circulo, ethnicorum Augustorum statuas ornatas fuisse, ad eorum divinitatem significandam constat. Qua de re legendus Ciampinus, Veterum Monumentorum,' par. i. cap. xiv. p. 111 et sqq.; qui Salmasium, quem sequitur Figrellius, De Statuis, cap. xxxii. merito coarguit propterea quod putaverit Christianos veteres similibus tegumentis in statuis picturisque ornare Deum, Angelos, Sanctosque consuevisse exemplo antiquarum statuarum, quibus opificum studio addebantur lunulæ seu patella supra capita ad avium sordes et stercora removenda." But these pagan aureoles, besides this practical and We do not know the original facts, but in 1049 A.D. protective use, also symbolized deity. The idea, Pope Leo IX. and the Council of Rheims inter-doubtless (as in the legends of the infant Servius dicted the marriage of William and Matilda; we Tullius in Livy, and of Buddha, for which last call it forbidding the banns, but they may have vide Sénart, passim), was of rays issuing from the been already married, or, as has been known, lived head, as at once a product and an indication of as a betrothed couple. Anyhow, this interdict divinity. Lucian mentions a statue of a god or would operate under canon law to bastardize any hero "displaying rays," ákтívas peрovтa. The issue. In 1059 Pope Nicholas II. grants a dis- late Rev. B. Webb states, in his 'Notes on Ecclesiopensation and confirms a marriage between William logy,' that he had seen a square nimbus, and someand Matilda that had already taken place. So I times apparently this nimbus was blue. I take it classify the issue of this harassed couple in seg-factor or benefactress; but I should like to ask for that the square nimbus indicated a living bene ments: 1. I suggest that, as a result of the Papal interdict of 1049, William relinquished his bride, and that, being enceinte, she was placed under the nominal protection of Gherbod senior. This would make her daughter the foster-sister of Gherbod junior. When William reclaimed her, it is supposed in 1053, we have successively the births of Robert Curthose and Richard, William Rufus being the first son born after the dispensation of 1059. information whether the colour or tincture of blue in such cases had any special or symbolical meaning. I believe that on a bridge at Prague the statues of St. John Nepomuk and other saints H. DE B. H. have stone or metal nimbi. THE ROMAN'S CHANGE OF FRONT IN BLEAK HOUSE.'-Various curious discrepancies that are to be noticed in the novels of Charles Dickens between the text and the illustrations have occasionally been instanced in 'N. & Q.' I do 2. By this account Gundrada is in a very equi- not know whether any one has advanced the vocal position, and I venture to say nothing of Roman into the front rank of offenders, but, anyMatilda's other daughters. In conclusion I wish how, he deserves to be placed there. Readers of to emphasize the fact that Gundrada was a puta-Bleak House' will remember that on p. 158 they tive daughter of Gherbod senior, and that Matilda first reached William's arms as a pucella, and re mained faithful to him. 13, Paternoster Row, E.C. A. HALL. THE NIMBUS OR AUREOLE.-Some remarks on this subject are to be found in the "SS. Ecclesiæ Rituum, Divinorumque Officiorum Explicatio. Romæ, MDCCLXXXIV." The author, Father Filippo Zazzera-or rather editor, for the book itself is probably medieval-was a doctor in theology and master of the Papal chapel. He states (pp. 68-9, xlvii.) that mystically the circular glory signifies heaven, as it is written "nostra conversatio in cœlis est," or else that the saints, after Christ's "harrowing of hell," are now crowned, and thus reign in heaven. But later on the real historical were introduced to Mr. Tulkinghorn, as he sat in his chambers, meditating upon an application for a warrant against the disappointed suitor, Gridley. There is a painted ceiling to the room, and, "From the ceiling, foreshortened allegory in the person of one impossible Roman upside down, points with the arm of Samson (out of joint, and an odd one) obtrusively toward the window. Why should Mr. Tulkinghorn, for such no-reason, look out of window? Is the hand not always pointing there? So he does not look out of window." Had he done so, he would have seen Lady Dedlock disguised in the clothes of her lady's-maid. Any observer of Dickens's method would know at once that the Roman was not introduced in order to serve merely as "a bit of local colouring," and consequently would not be surprised to find that pertinacious person, on p. 413, taking an active interest in the interview between Sir Leicester Dedlock's family lawyer and her ladyship's French maid, Mademoiselle Hortense. But when, at p. 470, we have the painted ceiling brought bodily before our eyes, in illustration of a "new meaning in the Roman," we find that he has turned his back upon the window and is pointing exactly in the opposite direction, towards the fireplace. The artist naturally selected the fire-side, in preference to the window, as the position in which the old lawyer might be expected to sit in solitary enjoyment of his wine at ten o'clock at night; and he forgot, or ignored, the previous use that his author had made of the pointing Roman, in calling attention to the movements of Lady Dedlock in disguise, thereby leading the reader, by an obvious association of ideas, to connect her with the subsequent murder of the man whom, of all others, she had the greatest reason to fear and detest. ALFRED WALLIS. Godefroy quotes from a MS. of the fifteenth century, the O.F. form Moriaine, meaning a Moor. This I take to represent Lat. Mauritanicus (or perhaps Mauritanius), the t being dropped, as usual, between two vowels in the middle of the word. We also find O.F. Moriant for "the land of the Moors"; which represents the Lat. Mauritania. Thus we see that Morian is simply another form of Mauritanian. WALTER W. SKEAT. "FAIRE UNE GAFFE." hook,' and a learned critic offers an elaborate explanation had its day and passes out of mind. FRANK REDe Fowke. 24, Victoria Grove, Chelsea. unimportant teaching in it. The lines were given A PRAY.-A few years ago I sent to 'N. & Q.' one or two brief lists of Surrey words current in the SCHOOLGIRL'S EPITAPH. — Though I cannot neighbourhood of the North Downs. Among these was the word "Pray," a substantive, which I spelt marble or on the wood in any church or churchyard, give you the following epitaph as existing in the phonetically, having never seen it written. AI think it is worth preserving, for it has some not "Pray" is a long foot-bridge-a couple of planks wide, with a rough handrail-stilted on posts, and crossing either a ford or a bit of meadowland that is apt to be flooded. I appealed to the learned for a derivation of the word, but the learned did not respond. The other day, however, the vicar of a Surrey parish in which there are several prays told me that two meadows on the parish map are thereon named respectively the Grand Prae and the Little Prae; and across one of these two meadows runs a foot-bridge such as I have described. It seems evident, therefore, that the word which I called "Pray" is really the French pré, and that the local name for a meadow, having ceased to be understanded of the people, has been given by them to the flood-bridge that crosses a meadow. But the question remains, How and why did the French word pré come to be used in Surrey instead of the English word mead or meadow? To which inquiry I have nothing to say, except favete linguis. A. J. M. "THE MORIANS' LAND."- For "the Morians' land" in the Prayer Book version of the Psalms, the A.V. has “Ethiopia.' Wright's 'Bible Wordbook' tells us that "Morian is used by old writers for moor, blackamoor." Cotgrave explains More by A Moore, Morian, Blackamoore." But I do not know that any one has explained the etymology. At first it might be thought to be Dutch, since Sewel gives Moriaan, and Hexham Moorjaen, with the same sense. But the Dutch suffix -aan is from Lat. -anus, and is non-Teutonic. Both the English and Dutch forms are, doubtless, of Romance origin. Oh! weep not for me, friends, for I am a-going No! weep not for me, for though we must sever, MARSTON AND HISTRIOMASTIX.'—A good deal occupied by other work, when I wrote my note on Marston as the author of Jack Drum's Entertainment,' I omitted to say that I had been much gratified to find that not only had Simpson independently agreed with me in this (he mentions my name as to a point in it), but that he had also agreed with me that Marston was part author of 'Histriomastix." In his 'School of Shakespeare,' ii. 4, he first maintains that he was the author of the recensions in the play in the time of James, but then goes on to say that he must have worked on it before 1599, and shows this by the fact "as Dr. Br. Nicholson has shown me," that in Act III. of The Poetaster' Jonson puts into Clove's mouth "a speech crammed with Marston's fustian words, in which he mentions the 'Histriomastix' by name." It might also have been mentioned that some of these fustian words and phrases occur in 'Histrio mastix,' as do others and other instances of the same P.S.-I was happy to hear from my friend J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps-one dear to all true Shakespearians and esteemed by them, and most dear now that we mourn for him-that a MS. (circa 1620) gives unequivocal testimony to Marston's authorship of Jack Drum's Entertainment.' Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. -Leaf A 4. 'ELEMENTS OF OPPOSITION.'-Who wrote this pamphlet, which passed through three editions in 1803? At the time of publication it was attributed to John Charles Herries, but the authorship was distinctly denied by him. G. F. R. B. ask any of your classical contributors how they WORDSWORTH'S 'ODE TO THE CUCKOO.'-May I would translate "a wandering voice," in the first stanza of this ode, into Augustan Latin? I have consulted two Oxonian acquaintances. One says he hardly knows how he would have rendered it so as to have made it intelligible to an ancient Roman; the other thinks that it is impossible to translate it literally so as to make sense of it, and that it must be expressed by a periphrasis. As two good scholars agree in the main on this point, I suppose they must be right; but if "a wandering voice" is intelligible to us, why should the same words, literally translated into classical Latin, not have made sense to a Roman? If any one were to turn the ode into alcaics or sapphics, or into good prose, how ought he to express the phrase? I have a particular reason for asking. Ropley, Alresford. JONATHAN BOUCHIER. WILLIAM BULLOKAR'S PSALTER, 1585.-In Miss Jennett Humphreys's business-like and well-put article on the Elizabethan phonetist and grammarian, William Bullokar, in the 'Dictionary of National Biography,' I am surprised not to find any mention of the Psalter which the author says he got printed in 1585. Miss Humphreys COL. ARTHUR GOODWYN. Can any of your evidently read Bullokar's "To the Reader "in his 'Esop Fabl',' 1585, before she wrote her exreaders give me information about Col. Arthur cellent article-what a happy contrast it is to Goodwyn, of Upper Winchendon, Bucks, M.P. for some of the windy ones!-but she has passed over that county, who was generally known as the friend the first one and a half of the following lines:and colleague of John Hampden? Are there any "I hau' procured, in this present yer 1585 the im-descendants of that family, as the name apparently printing of the Psal'ter, and of this volùm conteining has disappeared? Æsop Fábl'3, and the bref sentences of the wý3 Cato." I have a ring on which is inscribed "Frances Cromwell, obiit 30th April, 1738." It was given Does any reader of 'N. & Q.' know of a copy of to my mother's grandmother, who was her bosom this Psalter? It surely must have been printed-friend, and, if my recollection is right, said to be in part, at least; for besides the statement above, her cousin. Who was Frances Cromwell? Bullokar refers again to his "Psal'ter and Primar " on A 4, back, and to his "Primar and Psal'ter " on sig. B. Neither the British Museum nor the Bodleian has a copy of the Psalter, so far as its catalogue shows; and it may be possible that, though the book was actually at press, Bullokar died before it was all printed, and then its sheets were destroyed. As the reason for the non-existence of Bullokar's 'Grammar at Large,' Miss Humphreys suggests, "It is quite possible that death overtook him before he had made it really ready to go to press." But if any Bible or Psalter man can refer us to a copy of Bullokar's phonetic Psalter, many folk besides myself will thank him. F. J. FURNIVALL. P.S.-Bullokar has some marks above and below certain letters, which are here omitted. 'JOHN BULL' NEWSPAPER.-Can any of your correspondents tell me who was the theatrical critic of the John Bull newspaper between the years 1837 and 1843? WILLIAM ARCHER. L. WOOD, Major (late 54th Regiment). AUSTRIA. I should be much obliged to any reader of 'N. & Q.' who could favour me with a list of peerages, army lists, and official calendars relating to the Austrian Empire between the years 1700 and 1770; and also inform me whether they can be referred to in England. I have searched the British Museum Catalogue with some care, but without success. D. C. BOULGER. BUCKLERSBURY. - Falstaff (Merry Wives of Windsor,' III. iii.) speaks of "these lisping hawthorn buds, that come like women in men's apparel, and smell like Bucklersbury in simple time." Was there a market for herbs and simples near Bucklersbury? URBAN. 'THE TOPIC.'-I should be glad of any information respecting this periodical, which commenced in May, 1846, and suspended publication in June, 1847, but more particularly about the writers of the articles on 'Flowers and Flower Shows' and 'Prices of Food and Labour for the last Fifteen Hundred Years.' These, with the other essays, fully bear out the publisher's declaration that "each number" is "by an eminent writer," for they are most ably written. The periodical was "published for the proprietors by C. Mitchell, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street." W. ROBERTS. 10, Charlotte Street, Bedford Square. JANE SHORE.-Could any correspondent say if there is any authentic portrait or likeness of Jane Shore; and, if so, where is it to be seen? J. D. A FOOL AND A PHYSICIAN. Mrs. Quickly (Merry Wives of Windsor,' III. iv.) declares that she asked of Mrs. Page, "Will you cast away your child on a fool and a physician?" How far back can the analogy or the opposition between a physician and a fool be traced? URBAN. FAMILY RECORDS.-Can any readers of 'N. & Q.' inform me where I can find genealogical and other information regarding the following ? "De Hereford," admiral of the fleet engaged in the first conquest of Ireland. This Adam de Hereford divided with his two brothers the lands in Ireland granted him by De Lacey. I have a record of a John Tyrell, who married Sybilla, daughter of Sir Hugh de Ley, or Lega, who is described as "nephew of Sir Adam de Hereford, of Leitlip." I find in Eyton's 'Shropshire' that in 1203 Robert Trainel (Tyrell), Lord of Hatton, was essoigner for Adam de Hereford, who was beyond the seas in Ireland; and in 1248 Hugh de Lega witnessed a deed of Robert, son of the above Robert Trainell (Tyrell). These "De Leys, Legas, or Leighs" were feoffees of the Burnells of Acton Burnell and Langley (Salop), and during the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries are found connected with the "Lingens of Wigmore," "the Mortimers of Wigmore and Acton Burnell, "the De Herefords," and "the Trainels or Tyrells." The marriage above recorded of a Tyrell with a De Ley or Lega, "nephew of Adam de Hereford," is from an Irish pedigree, while I find numerous intermarriages and deeds recorded between the De Legas, Lingens, Mortimers, Tyrells, and De Herefords in Shropshire records. JAPHET. O'CONOR, Author of 'The Church and the Truth.'-Was the above the same as the writer of commentaries on some of the books of the New Testament; and can they still be had; and where ? A friend of mine, deeply impressed with the volume named above, sought to procure some other of his works, but was told they had been returned to the author. If this is correct, what was the reason for such a procedure? Who and what was Mr. O'Conor; and what were his views on religious matters; and with what denomination was he con- 'MACBETH,' 1673.-The editors of the Cambridge Shakespeare speak of this as D'Avenant's version. It is, in fact, as Dr. Horace Howard Furness points out in the preface to 'Macbeth' in his new Variorum Edition of Shakespeare, wholly different from the forms in the main to the First Folio. This earlier D'Avenant edition of the following year, and conquarto is unmentioned by Genest, Halliwell, and the editors of the 'Biographia Dramatica.' Is it scarce, and has it much literary or pecuniary value? M. J. JONAS. did she write? She is mentioned in company with MISS PORDEN.-Who was this lady, and what Mrs. Hemans as an author of plays and epics in Blackwood's Magazine, May, 1824, p. 603. No works are entered under her name in the Catalogue of the London Library. ANON. MARK RIDLEY, "Doctor in Phisicke and Philoand one of ye eight principals or Elects of the Colsophie, lately Physition to the Emperour of Russia, ledge of Physitions in London."-He wrote a Short Treatise of Magneticall Bodies and Motions,' Ridleus Cantabrigiensis, zet. 34, an. 1594." 1613, which contains a portrait of him, "Marcus shall be glad of information of this Mark Ridley. Cambridge. G. J. GRAY. I WHIPMA-WHOPMAGATE. -In Drake's 'Eboracum' (ed. 1736, p. 310) mention is made of a street of this name which ran past the east end of the stately old church ycleped S. Crux. S. Crux, alas! is no longer to be seen, and if, in the city of many gates, there be on some 66 coign of vantage" the legend "Whipma-Whopmagate" it has certainly escaped my vision. Nevertheless, the street itself is still in existence, and the tradition of its strange name survives, though I believe it is generally spoken of as Colliergate, that being the designation of the much longer thoroughfare to which Whipma-Whopmagate is a kind of vestibule. The name has cropped up in local newspapers of late, as city authorities have been exercised in mind touching the price to be paid for consecrated ground wherewith to widen the aforesaid ancient way. How did a name so odd originate? Drake slyly leaves one in the lurch, saying that he shall not declare the reason of it; and unless the street were formerly the scene of public whippings my own conjecture is wholly at a loss. According to Mr. Davies ('Walks through the City of York,' p. 247), the pillory was a permanent erection in the Pavement, which is hard by. In the margin of Mr. Skaife's valuable 'Plan of Roman, Medieval, and Modern York,' reference is made to "WhitmourWhatnourgate, leading from Fosegate to Collier |