named) and Danby, because I am aware that those names existed strictly as personal names in Domesday times and before, and in more than one of the Northern Counties. As to the difference between the terms Norman and Dane, and especially what is termed the "chronological distinction" between them, see J. R. Green's posthumous 'Conquest of England,' p. 68 n., and elsewhere, and I am not certain that this difference or distinction may not prove a matter to be noted by some future historian of Cleveland. And it may well be that just as Dane and Northman have crystallized from generic or descriptive epithets into personal or specific names, so the prefix in the original form of Duggleby may be almost certainly is-an analogous Dubhgall; and here MR. BRADLEY's Dufgall becomes of the greatest value and significance. Is it not a legitimate inquiry whether Duggleby is the only instance of the kind in that part of the county? In my own district of Cleveland I know of nothing like, and, excepting the Domesday personal name Magbanec, I know of nothing admitting of correlation. It may be otherwise in East Yorkshire. J. C. ATKINSON. "DAL TUO STELLATO SOGLIO" (7th S. vii. 324).— Is it not, to say the least, highly probable that the representation of the B. V. M. as crowned with stars is taken not from pagan sources, but from Scripture direct? The "woman "of the Apocalypse (xii. 1), having "upon her head a crown of twelve stars,' must have suggested the idea to religious painters. The question is not affected, as an artistic one, by the controversy as to the relevancy of the text to the subject with which it is thus connected. Hastings. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. It might be worth while to inquire whether Elwes was buried at Stoke, near Clare, Suffolk, where Murray says that his uncle, Sir Harvey Elwes (also a miser) had a seat. If ALPHA finds that one or both were buried at Stoke, perhaps he would be so obliging as to make it known in 'N. & Q.' R. F. S. I have no reference, but have a strong impression that Elwes was buried at Stoke, near Clare, in Suffolk, where he had an estate. The Annual Register, vol. xxxv., has a poetical epitaph upon EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M. A. him. MISS MELLON (7th S. vii. 183, 293).—I have a small engraving of Mrs. Coutts (formerly Miss Mellon, and subsequently Duchess of St. Albans), published by Munday & Dean, from a painting by Sir William Beechey, engraver T. Woolnoth. It is very expressive and animated, and looks like a portrait. JOHN TAYLOR. TOOTH BRUSHES (7th S. vi. 247, 292, 354; vii. 29, 291).—I have a tooth-brush the handle of which is of gold, and bears upon one side the imperial arms of France, and on the other the initial N. It was given to me by a gentleman living in Wiltshire, and I was able to trace it backwards to the possession of a valet of Napoleon I. It would exactly fit the space in Napoleon's dressing-case at Madame Tussaud's, which is said to have been rifled by the Prussians. CHARLES F. COOKSEY. MISTARCHY (7th S. vii. 188, 296).—The parentage of this mongrel word is wrongly attributed to Dugald Stewart. The expression he uses is "mixed government," for which Mr. Prince has thought proper to substitute mistarchy. By all means let its real parent have the credit of it. MACAULAY (7th S. vii. 287, 352).-Your correspondent at p. 352 is in too great a hurry to administer a snub to LUNETTE, who asks for a particular quotation, and not for the mere mention of the word schoolboy. The quotation sought does not exist either in the essay on Sir William Temple or that on Croker's 'Boswell,' as suggested at p. 352. The word schoolboy occurs only three times in the essay on Sir William Temple, and about as often in the latter-mentioned essay, where also is the sentence "every schoolgirl knows," which nearly every one misquotes in the manner that LUNETTE has done, and which has caused him (or more probably her) such a fruitless search in "twelve quotation-books." The phrase will be found in what are almost the opening sentences of the article, and relates to certain lines from 'Marmion.' J. W. ALLISON. Stratford, E. MATTHEW ARNOLD (7th S. vii. 287).—Matthew Arnold's poem is a rarity. The title is "Cromwell: a Prize Poem Recited in the Theatre, Oxford, June 28, 1843. By Matthew Arnold, Balliol College, Oxford. Printed and Published by J. Vincent, MDCCCXLIII., pp. 15," issued in a paper wrapper. The poem, of course, was printed before WINTER OF HUDDINGTON, CO. WORCESTER (7th the Commemoration Day, and ought to have been S. vii. 108, 254, 291).-No dates of birth are given recited; but the extreme unpopularity of the in this pedigree in the Visitation of Worcesterproctor, who unfortunately did not combine the shire,' 1569. The only two of the name of George suaviter in modo with the fortiter in re, led to that occur in it are George Winter, son (by his such a continuous row in the theatre that, second wife, Catherine Throgmorton) of Robert after some two hours, the proceedings were Winter, of Cawdwell, in co. Gloucester. This abruptly put an end to. The row was not only George had "Thomas Winter, sonn and heir, among the undergraduates, for the American 1594." The next George Winter, who was nephew minister, Everett, was presented for an honorary of the first named (son of his half-brother), had doctor's degree, which was distasteful to many of three sons, John, William, and Benedict, who the High Church party, on the ground, I believe," was slayne at Sea in the Fight made against the that he was a Unitarian; and their continuous Spaniards Ano 1588," and six daughters. vociferation of " Non placet" stimulated the undergraduates, who thought that the masters in the area were joining in their demonstration, while the noise from the gallery compelled the masters to shout louder and louder through fear that their voices were not being heard or attended to. It is singular that Cromwell' should have been the subject on such an occasion. I should imagine that the poem has been long out of print. W. E. BUCKLEY. B. FLORENCE SCARLETT. ST. SEINE (7th S. vii. 205, 333).-If river names of families are to receive enumeration, why omit a family so well known in art circles as the Severns? of one of which name, too, there is a note in Arnold's Thucydides': "The two remaining MSS. are in the library of Mr. Severn, of Thenford House, near Banbury" (Ox., 1832, vol. ii. pref., p. xiii). ED. MARSHALL. H. WEDGWOOD. Messrs. Humber & Co., of Beeston, Notts, are the inventors and makers of a particular type of tricycle, called from them the "Humber." J. T. F. It is a singularly unfortunate assumption that The Newdigate prize was won by Mr. Arnold in 1843, as I can testify from the fact that I gained tion to Trent and Humber, already cited, a few no family names are taken from rivers. In addithe Chancellor's prize for Latin verse the same minutes' study of the Blue-Book gives the followyear. Our poems, however, were not publicly recited in the Sheldonian Theatre, the commemora-ing:-Annan, Tay, Tweed, Tyne, Eden, Swale, tion proceedings having been broken off by a row Dee, Severn, Dove, Dart. in the gallery of the undergraduates, caused by the unpopularity of one of the proctors. I heard the poem, however, recited in rehearsal on the previous evening; and I possess a printed copy of it with Mr. Arnold's autograph on the title-page. It is at the disposal of MR. STONE if I can lay my hands upon it. I have always thought that Arnold's 'Cromwell' was the finest poem in the series of Newdigates down to our time, except Heber's 'Palestine and Stanley's Gipsies.' Why it is not republished among the other works of Mr. Arnold is more than I can say. E. WALFORD, M.A. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. CHUMS (7th S. vii. 309).-Bailey gives "Chum (among the vulgar), tobacco to chew," which does not seem very relevant to DR. MURRAY'S question. The story, which is not reproducible, is one of Bacon's Apophthegms.' EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M. A. The much despised Jamieson gives "Chum, s., food, provision for the belly," alias scaff, which, again, appears to be refuse, from Su. G. skap, provision. Guessing apart, skap is the English shape, shave, and we do say "I will take just a shaving"; while chum hangs on to chump, i. e., "a good lump." Cf. "chump-end," "chump-chop"; also champ, "to chew," and chap, or chop, "to cut," &c. Cf. "Bath-chap." 13, Paternoster Row, E C. A. HALL. Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham. THE DELAVAL PAPERS (7th S. vii. 308).—An answer to A. J. M.'s inquiry, "What are the Delaval Papers?" can be given very briefly. They are a large collection of letters, state papers, and old records belonging to the Delaval family of Seaton Delaval which I discovered last year in some store-rooms of the disused Royal Northumberland Glass Works, Hartley, near Seaton Delaval Hall. The Hartley offices having been converted into a mission room, the old ledgers, day-books, and business papers were cast into a lumber room. While looking over the ledgers, &c., with the object of tabulating the workmen's wages of a century and a half ago, I discovered some hundreds of family letters, including others from Lord Chesterfield when Viceroy of Ireland, and Foote the dramatist; several MS. historical memoirs, which are now being examined at the British Museum; and a valuable diary (from an antiquarian point) of a visit to Genoa, Florence, and Rome in the year 1709; a charter with the Great Seal of Henry VII.; a letter with the Privy Seal of James I.; and one with the autograph of Queen Anne. The oldest document is perhaps that of a "Final concord made in the court of Eustace Baliol at Wood horn in the second year of Richard I. before Henry de Pudsey," which will be about 698 years ago. If A. J. M. should visit Newcastle-on-Tyne during the meeting of the British Association, he will be able to examine a large number of the older documents, from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, in the Museum of the Society of Antiquaries, to whose keeping I have presented them. There are also numerous receipts for annuities paid to almost every family of note in the northern counties, from 1590 to 1715, which for the sake of their seals and autographs are of interest. The letters of the Delaval family are very numerous, and give an interesting picture of society in England during the first half of the last century. There are also innumerable letters and documents on Irish affairs by Mr. John Potter, of Dublin Castle, from 1720 to 1745. When I add that there is quite a library of political pamphlets, Acts of Parliament, and sermons preached before the members of the two Houses of Parliament, your correspondent A. J. M. can form some idea of what the Delaval Papers are. JOHN ROBINSON. 6, Choppington Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne. THOMAS OTWAY (7th S. vii. 307).--A copy of this work may be seen in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, viz., "The History of the Triumvirates; the First that of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus; the Second that of Augustus, Anthony, and Lepidus: being a faithfull collection from the best historians and other authours concerning that revolution of the Roman government which hapned under their authority. Written originally in French, and made English by T. Otway," London, 1686, 8vo. See also Rob. Watt, Bibl. Britannica,' vol. ii. p. 722g, and Alex. Chalmers, 'Gen. Biog. Dict.,' vol. xxiii. p. 423. G. A. SCHRUMPF. University College, W.C. The title of the book translated from the French by Thomas Otway is as follows: "L'Histoire des Triumvirats: Première Partie, du Triumvirat de Jules-César, Pompée, et Crassus; Seconde Partie, du Triumvirat d'Auguste, Antoine, et Lepidus. Recueillie fidèlement des Meilleurs Historiens et des autres Ecrivains, &c. A Londres, 1686, in-8." CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Swallowfield Park, Reading. [MR. W. H. DAVIS and MR. E. H. MARSHALL, M.A., reply to the same effect.] SWING (7th S. vii. 267, 334).—I well remember the Swing Riots, and was myself in college at Eton at the time they occurred. The objects were to destroy machinery, especially threshing machines, which interfered with the employment of manual labour in agricultural districts, and to burn ricks and farm buildings, from motives of revenge or wanton mischief. In the holidays I found that the farmers in our neighbourhood had formed a kind of association to keep watch and ward at night for mutual protection; for though there were no threshing machines in use in our parts there were plenty of ricks and farm buildings, and Swing was not always so considerate as to give notice of his intended visits. Moreover, there were no rural police in those days. I always understood that the term "swing" was connected with the gallows, and was used in the threatening letters as an intimation of the fate which awaited the receiver if he did not comply with the demands of the writer. Some of the letters had a respresentation of death's head and cross bones, and probably other emblems, in addition to or instead of the word "swing." I was not aware that Keate had actually received such a letter as that referred to in 'N. & Q.,' but I well remember the following epigram in a newspaper at the time, and which was supposed by some of the collegers to have been written by one of the numerous family of Thackeray-a cousin, I believe, of the author of 'Vanity Fair,' and, of course, an old Etonian : Dr. Keate, Dr. Keate, There's distress in your beat, So the Sufferers say great and small; And 'tis plain to be seen That your threshing machine Must be at the bottom of all. Now I you advise, Dr. Keate, if you 're wise, AN OLD TUG. WORDSWORTH'S 'ODE ON THE INTIMATIONS OF IMMORTALITY' (7th S. vii. 168, 278, 357).— The Winds come to me from the fields of sleep. Nothing short of an imaginative sympathy can explain such a line as this. And the worst of it is, that if you have the sympathy, a verbal explanation seems at once superfluous and impossible. The attempts lately made of this kind have really a quite pathetic interest. "Fields of sheep," says one interpreter; and why not? A shepherd boy appears in the very same stanza; and it is said that every beast keeps holiday, and sheep are beasts; and even in Cumberland sheep sometimes live in fields; and Cumbrian fields are windy. That, we may suppose, is the line of argument; but it will not do; not even a Shakespearean improver would allow it. ST. SWITHIN has perhaps struck a scintilla of the true light in referring to "the glory and the freshness of a dream"; for the first two stanzas of the ode are surely a key to the third. What is the "thought of grief" mentioned in the third? Is it not the thought expressed in the first and second? And if so, the "timely utterance" is those two stanzas themselves. They are full of dreamlike and nocturnal imagery: the "celestial light"-the lumen purpureum of youthful visions-the midnight moon, the waters on a starry night. And the "fields of sleep" in stanza iii. may well seem to be an echo of all this; a note or two of the old theme, purposely struck again as we enter the new-as the man is wakened out of the fields of sleep by the winds of a "sweet May morning"; for the fields of sleep can hardly be those in which the winds have been sleeping. They are the vast and formless world of sleep itself. We speak of snowfields and fields of ice; and when it is said that "his elder son was in the field," we do not suppose that he was in the Four-Acre Close or the Waterside Meadow. There is still, however, a difficulty, and it is that the first half of the line is literal and the second half metaphorical. The winds of this line are as real as the echoes and the cataracts of the lines which precede it; and though we know that the cataracts do not "blow their trumpets" except figuratively, yet the figure is easy and harmonious, whereas there seems to be a certain incongruity in making the actual audible winds come to you from the metaphorical fields of sleep in which you have been lying. Nor do I see how to reconcile this incongruity, unless by the imaginative sympathy aforesaid. For, when the great central passion of the work, which begins with stanza v., has stilled itself into acquiescence at the close of stanza ix., the May morning theme is taken up again in stanza x., though in a graver, larger mood but we are now in daylight-the light of common day, and no further echo of the dreamlike thoughts with which we began is needed or is possible; the winds and the fields of sleep recur no more. It is not a small matter if there be even one single line of this ode which does not make itself clear to educated persons; for this ode is not merely the greatest poem of its kind in our language, it is the supreme utterance of the human spirit upon the subject with which it deals. There is nothing aut simile aut secundum to it, except the Tintern Abbey, and one or two of Matthew Arnold's best. A. J. M. Temple. "Fields of sheep" will not do; the bathos would be too steep. Besides, we are not commenting upon a poem left in manuscript. If Wordsworth had meant "sheep" he would have altered the line. Nor is it correct to say that throughout this stanza nature is represented as giving herself up to jollity. It is rather the poet that is represented as awaking to the joyousness of nature. The stanza opens with a reference to his depression. A "timely utterance" has relieved that melancholy, and he awakes to the gaiety around him. Characteristically, he is conscious, first, of the voices of the hills, the cataracts and thronging echoes, and of the wind blowing upon him from those "mountainous retirements" which habitually beget in him a high tranquillity akin to their own, at once a sleep and an awaking, which is the condition of his fullest inspiration. In reading the ode it is not necessary to think of these as now sleeping. It is through the force of association and long habit that he calls them "fields of sleep," and I confess that, to me, the name seems singularly beautiful and appropriate. C. C. B. WORDSWORTH AND SHELLEY (7th S. vii. 188, 258, 338).-As the first edition of 'Peter Bell' (London, 1819) appears to be somewhat rare, it may perhaps be interesting to give a few notes upon a copy in this library. The places in which it differs from (say) the Centenary Edition are very numerous. Verbal alterations have been made all through the poem, especially in the earlier parts, whilst in nine separate places a complete stanza, and in one case two stanzas, have been entirely omitted. Eight of them were in part i., and it is, perhaps, to some extent an indication of their value that in a majority of instances no alteration of the succeeding verse has been made necessary by the omission. The particular stanza taken by Shelley as his text was the fourth from the end of part i., and it is difficult indeed to imagine what connexion existed in the poet's mind between the grotesque idea it contains and the rest of the passage. The other lines which the author struck out are often "instances of the peculiar hallucination which seems to have beset Wordsworth at one period of his career" (Blackwood, xlix. 363)-an affectation of simplicity and singularity and can be well spared. There is one, however, where the author pictures himself, on which account we may temporarily recant the opinion that what the writer thought not fit to live the reader can safely let die. The stanza followed the (present) sixteenth of the Prologue, which begins CLANS (7th S. vii. 308).-Whether it is strictly correct or not to apply the term clan to families outside "the Highland line" I do not know, but it is certainly very usual to do so. Sir Walter Scott, whose authority on such a point must be allowed to be conclusive, speaks of the Buccleuch clan three times at least in the 'Lay of the Last Minstrel' (canto i. stanzas 10, 30; canto iv. stanza 14). In Guy Mannering,' chap. xxvi., some one says, "We dinna mind folk's after-names muckle here [Liddesdale], they run sae muckle into clans." Lord Macaulay, in the thirteenth chapter of his 'History,' says :— "It would be difficult to name any eminent man in whom national feeling and clannish feeling were stronger than in Sir Walter Scott." JOHN FENNELL, OF CAHIR (7th S. vii. 128, 212, 353).-Would M. H. kindly inform me in what part of Tipperary is Cappagh, the residence of Col. Fennell, situated, the colonel's Christian name, and the ancestry of the William Fennell, of Reaghill, whose daughter Mary married Joseph Jackson, of Tincurry House, with whom my husband's family were connected? tion from Halliwell's 'Dictionary of Old Plays,' which I repeat here. Under 'Macbeth' we have: "A tragedy with all the alterations, amendments, additions, and new songs. Acted at the Duke's Theatre. 4to., 1674, 1687, 1695, 1710. This alteration was made by Sir William Davenant." Keats, in his pretty poem entitled 'Robin Hood,' It will be seen that under this description both applies the term clan (not very appropriately in the quarto of 1674 and the quarto of 1695 are inthis case) to Robin Hood's band. Messrs. Butcher cluded, so that it was natural for me to conclude and Lang, in their fine prose version of the that the title given in the fifth volume of Davenant's 'Odyssey, translate eiλarivm_(xi. 415) "clan-Works' under the wrong date (1673) was the title drinking." I remember, when I lived in Cumber- of the edition 1674. I have not that volume at land, an old servant who married and settled in a hand for the purpose of reference, but, so far as my village in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, where she memory serves, the play as printed therein is unfelt like a stranger, complaining to me that the doubtedly the version known as Davenant's, and is villagers were clannish. JONATHAN BOUCHIER. said to be printed from the 1674 quarto. DR. NICHOLSON says that to collate the 1674 version with that of 1673 or with the folios "would be an absurdity." But that absurdity has been rendered unnecessary by DR. NICHOLSON himself having done precisely what I wanted to be done, namely, to ascertain if the 1673 quarto was or was not the same mutilated, deformed, and defiled version of the play that is given in Davenant's 'Works.' It appears that it is not so, but, on the contrary, as I said before, it is virtually a reprint of the First 'MACBETH,' 1673 (7th S. vii. 68, 130, 145, 231, Folio, though, as DR. NICHOLSON tells us, it contains 66 275, 315).—I am glad to see that on this subject a goodly number of verbal alterations, and we are to have the benefit of the luminous intellect some phrasal ones of two or three words eachand undeviating accuracy of DR. BRINSLEY NICHOL-varations due, no doubt, sometimes to the printer, SON, and I am not without hopes that when he has but sometimes to a would-be varier of mediocre condescended to recognize what are the real points power" (7th S. vii. 231). We may take it now for at issue, we may be able, with his valuable help, 7th S. vii. 145) that there can be little or nothing granted, especially after MR. JONAS's statement to arrive at some definite conclusion. He says:"It is simply an impossible explanation of the dis-in common between the quartos of 1673 and 1674, crepant statements as to this quarto [of 1673, though I except the cast of the play. confess I know not the discrepant statements], that some copies of D'Avenant's 1674 quarto may have been printed in 1673.'" ELIZABETH S. PIGOTT. The discrepant statements to which I referred were (1) the title-page of the 1673 quarto as given in the preface to Davenant's 'Macbeth' ('Works,' 1874), and (2) the statement to be inferred from Dr. Furness's remarks on that quarto (1673), and confirmed both by MR. MAURICE I. JONAS and by DR. NICHOLSON himself, that the said quarto is virtually a reprint of the text of the First Folio. No doubt two such irreconcilable descriptions of that edition would appear to most persons slightly discrepant; but, as DR. NICHOLSON points out, I have been misled by an erroneous quotation-I should say a very erroneous quotation-for I think in an edition such as that of Davenant's 'Works' one would scarcely venture to presume that the editor had made such a mistake as to give for the title-page of the 1673 quarto what DR. NICHOLSON declares is really the titlepage of the 1695 quarto. What, may I ask, is the title-page of the 1674 quarto? In 7th S. vii. 130 I have given a quota DR. NICHOLSON seems to have entirely overlooked the main point in dispute, viz., Did Pepys ever see Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'? and, as a corollary to this, Did Betterton ever play in Shakespeare's Macbeth'? These two points, but especially the former, I should very much like to see cleared up; and now that DR. NICHOLSON has descended into the arena, probably all incertitude thereon will soon vanish; but I must confess that until it has been proved by something more than mere assertion I shall find it very difficult to believe that any one not qualified for admission into an idiot asylum could ever have seen the wretched rubbish that Davenant called 'Macbeth' after having seen Shakespeare's play without taking any notice whatever of the alteration, and I do hope, for the sake of Betterton's memory, that after acting Shakespeare's Macbeth' he never stooped to represent Davenant's burlesque thereon. I may say, in conclusion, that it never occurred to me that any of those post-Restoration quartos could throw any real light upon the text of Macbeth' as given in the First Folio.. As to the question of the songs, if DR. NICHOL |