the name of the family is given who bear the following coat of arms, figured at p. 152, and thus described: "He beareth Sable, a Turnip proper, a Chiefe or, Gutte de Larmes"?

Y. T. PICTURE BY CROWLEY.-In the Family Friend, 1855, the following passage occurs in a sketch headed The Desmond's Bride':

"Our frontispiece (engraved by Dalziel from a picture by N. J. Crowley, Esq., R.H.A., the property of the editor) represents most forcibly the painful scene that happens when the bride is presented to the Desmond family. She leans with modest reserve upon her lord, who hears with undaunted gaze and firm demeanour the harsh sentence of expulsion which the parents, who sit on the dais, feel called upon to pronounce. But there is a figure crouching to the left of the foreground to whom the alienation caused by this lowly alliance is high gratification indeed. In him the foul fiend Envy had long abided, and this unhappy event gave strong hope of dire revenge. Accordingly we find that he turned to his own advantage the discord before him, and assiduously fomented the resentment then felt. So deeply were the family imbued with the manners of the period (1430), that he was enabled to urge the followers to expel the Earl Thomas thrice from his country when he returned to assume his inheritance, and at length compelled him to make a formal surrender of his estate and dignity. The unfortunate lord retired to Rouen, where, says the historian, 'anguish and melancholy soon put a period to

his life.'

I am afraid the painter drew as much on his imagination for the motif of his picture as its possessor does for its date. If I read the history of the case aright, the parents of the earl were dead long before he contracted the (so-called) mésalliance that eventuated in his expulsion from his Palatinate, and he died at Rouen in 1420, on August 10. If by the "foul fiend Envy" is meant the earl's uncle James, the usurper, both artist and editor are at one with facts, the only accurate feature of the production. But artists, like poets, possess, I suppose, a professional licence. Does any contributor to N. & Q.' know where this misleading picture is now domiciled? Manchester.

J. B. S.

MR. WILLIAM Duff, M.A.—He was a professor of the Marischall College at Aberdeen 1727 to 1736, came to London in 1739, and published while there a History of Scotland,' in parts, in 1749-50. He is supposed to have lived in Flask Walk or in Well Walk in Hampstead, and to have died there in or after 1750. Where did he live in London? Did he live in Hampstead, and where; and when and where did he die? Did he leave any family; and, if so, are any of his descendants living? Any information about him after he left Aberdeen in 1739 will be most acceptable. C. A. J. M.

"WARPLE WAY."-There are in this neighbourhood-and perhaps further afield-many "warple "What is a warple way?" is a question I ways." have unavailingly asked of several old inhabitants. Hoping to find some mention of "warples" in the Rolls of the Manor of Wimbledon, which go back to the reign of Edward IV., I have met with the following entry, which, however, throws little light upon the question :—

Vis' Franc' Pleg' cum Cur' 26 Apr. 7 Eliz.
Homagin

Ordinacio p. Warpelles.

Cum ad ultimam Cur' Generalem hic tent' ordinat'

fuit de exponend' anglice Warpels in Co'nibus campis de Wimbledon p divs' tenen' et inh'itant' ib'm quo ordo fac' et obsvt' fuit in hac forma. Then follows the statement that divers holes were made in the middle of the warples, and between furlong and furlong and shott (sic) and shott. And order is made that henceforth no one shall plough within seven feet of such "warple," nor sow nor mow grass from thence under penalty.

I hazard the guess that a "warple" may have been a strip of common land upon which there was a right of stint. Is this so? Whence comes the word "warple"? Is the term local ?

HENRY ATTWELL.

WALTER WHItfield, a.d. 1694.-Can any of your readers tell me who was the Walter Whitfield who in 1694 A.D. received a grant from the Corporation of Trinity House of certain dues on shipping, in return for which he was to erect a lighthouse upon the Eddystone reef, which condition he fulfilled by the aid of Mr. Winstanley in A.D. 16961699? The surname is said to be a common Essex or Sussex one, and is known to have existed in London and also in Plymouth shortly after the W. S. B. H. above date.

Replies.

MILTON'S SONNETS. (7th S. vii. 147.)

I do not believe there exists any printed version of the sonnets to Cromwell, to Fairfax, and to Cyriack Skinner earlier than that of Phillips in 1694; but the sonnet to Sir Henry Vane, the younger, was printed thirty-two years before this, in the life of him written by his devoted friend George Sikes. The title-page of this work reads: The Life and Death of | Sir Henry Vane, K or | A short Narration of the main Passages of his Earthly Pilgrimage; Together with a true Account of his purely Christian, Peaceable, Spiritual Gospel-Principles, Doctrine, Life and Way of Worshipping God for which he suffered Contradiction and Reproach from all sorts of Sinners, and at last a violent Death June 14 anno 1662

To which is added His last Exhortation to his Children the day before his Death | Printed in the year 1662.

The sonnet will be found on pp. 93 and 94, and is thus introduced: "The character of this deceased statesman......I shall exhibit to you in a paper of Verses, composed by a learned gentleman and sent him July 3, 1652." This extract is of importance in finally determining, what had hitherto not certainly been known (see Masson's edition of Milton, ii. 298), the date of the composition of the poem. Vane was born in 1613, and was, therefore, thirty-nine when it was addressed to him.

I subjoin a literal copy of the sonnet as given in Sikes's 'Memoir,' and it is interesting to note that it contains none of Phillips's errors, but is word for word the same as Prof. Masson's version, taken from the celebrated Trinity College MSS. It should also be borne in mind that the copy sent to Vane on July 3, 1652, was the author's final MS., and that Sikes's version is, therefore, even of higher authority than the Cambridge MS. It is printed in italics, the words "Rome," "Epeirot," and "African" being in ordinary characters :Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old, Then whom a better Senatour ner'e held The helme of Rome, when Gowns not Arms repell'd The fierce Epeirot and the African bold. [So much on p. 93.]

Whether to settle peace or to unfold

The drift of hollow states, hard to be spell'd
Then to advise how war may best upheld,
Move by her two main Nerves, Iron and Gold
In all her Equipage: besides to know

Both spiritual power and civil, what each meanes,
What severs each, thou hast learn't, which few have
done.

The bounds of either Sword to thee we owe;
Therefore on thy firm hand Religion leanes
In peace, and reckons thee her eldest Son.

It is somewhat curious that this early appearance of the sonnet should have escaped the notice of all Milton's editors down to Prof. Masson, who also states that it was first printed by Phillips in 1694 (Milton's 'Poetical Works,' ii. 298), for Sikes's

P.S.-Since writing the above, I have referred to a new life of Vane by Prof. J. K. Hosmer, of St. Louis, Missouri, published at the end of last year, where, on p. 376, I find the sonnet printed direct from Sikes. No mention, however, is made by Prof. Hosmer of the error which Milton's editors have hitherto always made in supposing the sonnet first printed in 1694.

Prof. Masson, in his edition of Milton's 'Poems,' in the "Golden Treasury Series," 1874, vol. ii. p. 142, says :

I

I have an impression-perhaps a mistaken one -that the edition of Milton's 'Poems' from which

have quoted the above is no longer included in the "Golden Treasury Series." If so, it seems to me a great pity, as it is, I think, without exception, the prettiest edition of Milton I have ever seen. JONATHAN Bouchier.

A FOOL AND A PHYSICIAN (7th S. vii. 68).— So early as circ. A.c. 610, Mimnermus spoke thus of the crafty incompetence of physicians: ola on φιλοῦσιν οἱ ἰατροὶ λέγειν, τὰ φαῦλα μείζω, καὶ τὰ δείν' ὑπὲρ φόβον, πυργοῦντες αὐτούς (Stobæus, p. 803, Francof., 1581).

I subjoin the original form of the saying which has become "Every man is a fool or physician at forty,” with variations : ἤκουσα τοίνυν Τιβέριον ποτε Καίσαρα εἰπεῖν ὡς ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἑξήκοντα γεγονὼς ἔτη, καὶ προτείνων ἰατρὸ χεῖρα, κατα yeaoros éσT (Plutarch, "De Sanitate Tuenda," Opp. Mor.,' folio, p. 136 e). ED. MARSHALL.

I can see neither analogy nor opposition between these two in the passage quoted. Mrs. Quickly

"At forty a man is either a fool or a physician," says the proverb. There are instances of his being both; but I do not think Mrs. Quickly intended to assert that this was the case with Dr. Caius. Charles Knight comments on the passage cited by your correspondent thus: "The fool was Slender, patronized by Master Page; the physician Dr. Caius, whose suit Mistress Page favoured" (Pictorial Edition of the Works of Shakspere,' Comedies, vol. i. p. 181).

ST. SWITHIN.

"DIVINE ASPASIA" (7th S. vii. 207). Mr. Swinburne, in a letter addressed to the Spectator, March 22, 1884, states :

"There are certain errors or perversions of fact which are apparently as hard to kill as it is easy to show. In the Spectator of to-day I meet, for the hundredth time, with reference to 'Steele's beautiful eulogium on Lady Elizabeth Hastings.' It is as certain as any fact in literary history can well be that this most exquisite tribute ever paid to the memory of a noble woman is no more Steele's than it is yours or mine. The character of Aspasia in the forty-second number of the Tatler was written by Congreve. But ever since Leigh Hunt' could not help thinking that the generous and trusting hand of Steele was visible throughout this portrait,' it has been assumed, with a placid perversity which bids defiance to unacceptable fact, that the sentimental debauchee known to modern sympathies as 'dear Dick Steele' must be credited with the authorship of an immortal phrase, which is considered by his admirers too beautiful to be the property of a cynical worldling whose name has never been exposed to the posthumous homage of such touching and tender familiarities. So convincing an argument is hardly to be overthrown by the verdict of all the sentimental journalists in Letter Land,' though it was not the author of The Conscious Lovers,' but the author of The Way of the World' who said of a good woman that 'To love her was a liberal education.'"

The editor of the Spectator appends to this

letter the note: "We wish Mr. Swinburne would give his proof. The attribution of these lines to Congreve has been disputed." I forget at the moment where I got my MS. notes for the "attribution" of the three distinct portions of No. 42. of the Tatler to as many distinct writers-Steele, Congreve, and Addison respectively-but I have Congreve" "marked opposite the letter written from Well's Coffee House, July 15 [1709]," and descriptive of the virtues and excellencies of the "Divine Aspasia." At the bottom of the page I find the annotation, "The character of Aspasia was written by Mr. Congreve, and the person meant was Lady Elizabeth Hastings." See the authority for this, with an edifying account of this extraordinary lady and her benefactions in a book, in folio, intituled Memorials and Characters,' &c., London, 1741, printed for John Wilford, p. 780. Surely a reference to this work, accessible to frequenters of the British Museum, should decide as interesting a literary question as any I have seen raised in 'N. & Q.' for a long time past. JAMES HARRIS.

Neuadd Wen, Cardiff.

The saying is Steele's, and may be seen in the Tatler, No. 49. (See Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.') Is this the Lady Betty Hastings, known for her accomplishments and good works-sister-inlaw of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, and sister to Lady Margaret Hastings, who was married to the Rev. Benjamin Ingham? She was born 1682, and died 1739, and Mr. Barnard wrote her 'Historical Character.' The Tatler was begun in 1709, when she was twenty-seven years of age.

Hastings.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Aspasia, "pattern to all who love things praiseworthy," was intended for Lady Elizabeth Hastings, She who was born in 1682, and died in 1739. was noted for her piety, and she was highly accomplished, taking an interest in all the good movements that came before her. Upon the death of her brother George, ninth Earl of Huntingdon, she took up her abode at Ledstone House, and became the Lady Bountiful of the neighbourhood. VERDANT GREEN will find fuller particulars in An Historical Character relating to the Holy and Exemplary Life of the Right Honourable the Lady Elizabeth Hastings,' 1742.

Aspasia's character is drawn in Nos. 42 and 49 of the Tatler. The portion of No. 42 in which Aspasia is described is often attributed to Congreve; No. 49 is by Steele. It is Steele, and not

Some four or five years ago Mr. Swinburne, in a letter to the Spectator, claimed the famous compliment to this lady for Congreve; but he did so upon the supposition that it occurs in No. 42 of the Tatler, in which the character of Aspasia is described by that poet. As a matter of fact, however, the compliment does not occur there, but in No. 49, a paper by general consent attributed to Steele. Mr. Justin McCarthy afterwards pointed out Mr. Swinburne's error, and Mr. Swinburne in a subsequent letter admitted that, occurring where it does, the compliment must be Steele's. A note to paper 42 in the 1819 edition of the Tatler ('British Essayists') says that an account of the lady is to be found in a book in folio, entitled Memorials and Characters,' London, 1741, printed for John Wilford, p. 780.

C. C. B.

[Very many replies corroborative of the preceding statements have been received, and are at the disposal of VERDANT GREEN.]

THE CONDUCT OF THE ALLIES' (7th S. vii. 207).-Though the second, third, fourth, and fifth editions of this pamphlet are dated 1711, the first edition undoubtedly bears on its title-page the date 1712. Though issued in November, 1711, the publishers, who did not foresee its great success, post-dated it, as was, and is, often done with books published towards the end of the year. There is a copy of the first edition in the British Museum. I may add that the bibliography of "The Conduct of the Allies' was fully and accurately described by the late Mr. Solly in the Antiquarian Magazine for March, 1885.

F. G.

GREAT JUDGES: SIR WILLIAM GRANT (7th S. vii. 166).—In answer to MR. BUCKLEY's inquiry regarding this great judge, let me refer him to vol. i. 'Statesmen of the Time of George III.,' by Lord Brougham, who passionately eulogizes him, in particular describing his judgments as perfection of judicial eloquence." He is incidentally praised in similar terms by Lord Campbell (vide index, 'Lives of the Chancellors"). He was Master of the Rolls 1801-18. D. F. C.

the

STEEL PENS (7th S. v. 285, 397, 496; vi. 57, 115).-Perhaps the most interesting, and doubtless one of the earliest references to the use of steel and gold pens, both of which are mentioned in notes supplied as above, is that dating from

1738, and comprised in (being the occasion of Pope's delightful verses Warburton ardently admired) On receiving from the Right Hon. the Lady Frances Shirley a Standish and Two Pens': Yes, I beheld the Athenian queen

Descend in all her sober charms;
"And take" (she said, and smiled serene)
"Take at this hand celestial arms:
Secure the radiant weapons wield;

This golden lance shall guard desert;
And if a vice dares keep the field,

This steel shall stab it to the heart."
Awed, on my bended knees I fell,
Received the weapons of the sky;
And dipp'd them in the sable well,
The fount of fame and infamy.

"What well? What weapons?" (Flavia cries)
"A standish, steel and golden pen!

It came from Bertrand's, not the skies;
I gave it you to write again," &c.

The humour which hints at Flavia not under

standing the exalted compliment of the poetbeing, in short, a woman-is one of Pope's subtlest touches. Mrs. Bertrand kept a stationer's and toy shop at Bath. Lady Frances was Pope's neighbour in Twickenhamshire; she died 1762.

F. G. STEPHENS.

INDICTMENTS Against Gaming (7th S. vii. 104, 230).-"Shove-groat, named also slyp-groat and slide-thrift," is described by Strutt (Hone's edition, 1831, p. 301). Kayles, closh (or cloish), loggats, and other similar games are described in the same work (pp. 270-272).

It is a mistake to confuse shove-groat, a game affected by the frequenters of low taverns and tap-rooms, with shovel-board, a pastime very fashionable in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and described by Strutt, in the edition boards were favourite pieces of furniture in the above quoted, pp. 297-8. Shovel-, or shufflegreatest houses, where they preceded the bagatelleboards and billiard-tables of modern timesThe two games were entirely different, and played with different objects, rules, and appliances.

Trepan was never the name of a game; nor is it so mentioned in the passage extracted, p. 101, but simply as "the new way [of cheating] called the Trepan." It was probably some precursor of our ever-successful "confidence-trick." nothing to connect it with any game.

There is

Skinner's derivation of trepan from Trapani, a place in Sicily, is humorous; but most people prefer the etymology given by Prof. Skeat, from O.F trappan, a trap; Õ.H.G. trapo, a trap.

JULIAN MARSHALL.

E. H. MARSHALL, M. A., also oblige with replies.] [LADY RUSSELL, MR. A. COLLINGWOOD LEE, and MR.

LITERARY PLAGIARISMS (7th S. vii, 226).—The poem, "by Segur (Paris, 1719)," is interesting, as quoted, because it supplies an instance, if correctly

noor, chap. VII.

quoted, of two quatrains, by a French poet, the second of which does not scan (nor construe scarcely) as does the first. Unfortunately, I do not possess the 'Poems of Segur,' and I should, therefore, be glad to be informed how the lines of the second quatrain really run, if they are indeed from the pen of that poet; for scansion is a matter about which French poets are extremely particular. JULIAN MARSHALL,

The two verses given as the supposed French original of Goldsmith's 'Stanzas on Woman' have a very suspicious look. They bear a strong resemblance to some of Father Prout's mystifications as to the origin of Wolfe's ode on Sir John Moore's burial, Campbell's 'Hohenlinden,' Moore's "Lesbia hath a beaming eye," &c.

One would like to verify the statement by some more definite information. Who was Ségur, the professed author of the verses? What is the title and subject of the work in which they appeared? Where can a copy of the work be referred to? Where and at what date was it published? This is vaguely stated as Paris, 1719, but is more likely to be at Sir Walter Scott's town of Kennaquhair. Forgeries, literary and other, appear to be in the ascendant at present. Some people take a perverse pleasure in attempting to attach the charge of plagiarism to our classical poets.

Looking at the verses themselves, there is evidently a translation, but it is the translation of English into French. "Stoops to folly" is badly rendered by "trop de tendresse." "To hide her shame from every eye" is not translated at all. The verb "to die," which gives point to the whole, is insufficiently replaced by "C'est la mort."

However, I am quite willing, if sufficient proof can be found, to acknowledge my error; but at present with regard to M. Ségur I am much of the opinion of Betsey Prig in regard to Mrs. Harris, I don't believe there is no sich a person!"

Sandyknowe, Wavertree.

J. A. PICTON.

Though I am not quite sure as to the correctness of the term "plagiarism" when an author inserts a translation, with variations, I offer a similar instance of Goldsmith's apparently copying from the Latin to that which MR. A. COLLINGWOOD LEE gives of his borrowing from the French. In the Schoolmaster' there are the well-known lines:But still the wonder grew,

That one small head could carry all he knew. In Fuller's 'Abel Redivivus' (vol. ii. p. 118, 8vo., 1867) there is in the 'Life and Death of Lambert

Danæus':

"He had a vast memory, and read over many authors. He was so versed in the fathers and school divines that few attained to the like exactness therein, whence one saith of him, 'Mirum est homuncionis unius ingenium tot et tam diversas scientias haurire et retinere potuisse."" ED. MARSHALL.

GIBBON'S 'AUTOBIOGRAPHY': JOSHUA WARD (7th S. vii. 82).-In the year 1777 Dr. Maty published the 'Miscellaneous Works and Memoirs of the Earl of Chesterfield,' in 2 vols., 4to., and on the margins of his copy Horace Walpole wrote a good number of notes. This copy having come into the possession of the late R. S. Turner, Esq., he printed a few copies of these marginalia for the members of the Philobiblon Society, one of which notes relates to Joshua Ward. In vol. ii. p. 1, 'Miscellaneous Pieces,' Lord Chesterfield writes :

"I very early took Mr. Ward's Drop, notwithstanding the great discouragement it met with in its infancy, from who asserted it to be 'liquid Popery and Jacobitism.' Í an honourable author, eminent for his political sagacity, reaped great benefit from it, and recommended it to so many of my friends that I question whether the author of that great specific is more obliged to any one man in the kingdom than myself excepting one." On this Walpole notes thus :—

"General Charles Churchill, the great Patron of Ward. Queen Caroline, asking the general if it was true that he said, "Yes, madam, very true.' And do you own it?' Ward's medicine had made a man mad, as was reported, said the Queen. Yes, madam.' 'And who is it?' 'Dr. Meade, madam.'"-Turner's reprint, p. 50. Again, there is a brief note on vol. ii. p. 377, l. 13:—

"Tom Page. He was made Secretary of the Treasury, and was patron of Ward's medicines."-Turner reprint, p. 79.

W. E. BUCKLEY.

F. G. STEPHENS.