in which, besides the French prelates, se-veral Italians will also receive the hat. Letters from Naples state, that the vicinity has been cleared from the brigands, who have long invested it, in a curious manner. The Neapolitan Government has taken into full pay and active service two of the ringleaders, who have promised to make all their followers good subjects. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. The Paris papers contain a letter written by the mother of the Emperor Alexander to the King of Spain, expressive of the esteem and friendship entertained by her son for the King of Spain, and communicating the Emperor's desire that her Majesty should wear the decorations of the Order of St Catherine. From the warm terms in which the letter is expressed, it has been inferred, that this particularly good understanding between the Courts of St Petersburgh and Madrid is brought about by special circumstances, and a political hypothesis is immediately made out, according to which it is supposed that, by the representations of Spain, Russia has been induced to assist with her great armies in the reduction of the revolted Spanish colonies. But the facts stated are surely not sufficient to warrant such important inferences; and the London ministerial papers confidently assert, that there is not the slightest foundation for them. An article from Madrid, in the Paris papers, states, that Ferdinand has been advised to grant a general amnesty to his subjects. This wise measure appears to have originated in the advice of the Minister of Finance, -Don Martin Garay, who, having made the proposition to the Council of Finance, received a report from them on the subject, strongly recommending the measure, and -containing various reflections agreeable both to sound policy and to humanity. There is now no doubt of the fate of the brave but unfortunate General Lacy. He was carried to the island of Majorca, and, immediately on his arrival, on the morning of the 5th July, was shot. A letter of the 13th, from Perpignan, says, "This officer, who had so many times shed his blood for the service of his country, died with equal composure and firmness. "All that I regret," said he, "is to die by the hands of my ancient brethren in arms; it was on the field of honour, and while combating the enemies of Spain, that a warrior like me ought to finish his career.' After these words, he said to the soldiers, Fire! Accounts from Portugal, of the 9th instant, state, that Baron Eben, and about thirty others of the conspirators, had been found guilty, and were expected to be or dered for execution. General Gomez Friere is to be banished. A new general Congress, it is said, will immediately assemble at Carlsbad, composed of the following persons: Mr Lamb, as minister for England; for Russia, the Count Capo d'Istria; for Austria, the Prince de Metternich; and the Prince de Hardenberg and Compte de Caraman for the Courts of Prussia and of France. The principal objects of the deliberations of this Congress are presumed to be the affairs of South America, together with the disputes between the crowns of Spain and Portugal. A letter from Berlin says, "The new Prussian Council of State, and the Grand Presidents of the different provinces of the monarchy, have, by a very great majority, rejected the plan of finances submitted to them by M. Bulow, the Finance Minister, on the ground of incompetence, declaring, at the same time, that the Provincial States have alone power to decide in this case, and, consequently, that the King shall be prayed to convoke the said Provincial States. This decree of the Council of State is of the highest importance, and will form an era in the Prussian annals." The project of a new constitution for Wurtemberg has met with much opposition, and occasioned a great deal of discussion. The people insist upon the re-esta blishment of their former rights, and the King, who is said to be goaded on by the Emperor of Russia, seems determined to oppose them. Russian influence is said to be so great in these states, since the marriage of the King with the sister of the Emperor, that the whole of the military are now attired in Russian uniforms. The free towns of Hamburgh, Lubeck, and Bremen, have presented a long memorial to the Diet at Frankfort, on the subject of the depredations of the Tunisian privateers, which states that the captain and crew of a Hamburgh vessel have been carried into slavery. The Diet appointed a committee of five to report upon the best means of securing the trade of Germany against these pirates. Switzerland suffered dreadfully in many parts by inundations in the course of July last. Several rivers broke their dikes ; houses and bridges were destroyed in many places; and on the banks of the Lake of Constance many communes were laid under water. In the Oberland, the fields, meadows, and plantations, were entirely submerged, and masses of the soil were seen floating about, torn up by the fury of the waters, covered with potatoes, vegetables, and hay. The storm had caused great misery to the poor peasantry, already suffer ing severely from the dearth of provisions. -An extraordinary circumstance occurred during the inundations. A large manufactory of tiles, situated near the village of Fleuden, was entirely surrounded by water, which at length made its way into maga zines full of lime. In an instant, the whole edifice was on fire; the owners had previously quitted it, and, as no assistance could be afforded, it was burned in the midst of the water, down to the level of it. A letter from Vienna of the 2d July informs us, that the Mountain of Hansruck, in Upper Austria, has disappeared, and given place to a lake. This mountain was very elevated, and gave its name to the country. In the preceding month, several phenomena had caused some dreadful event to be anticipated. From time to time subterranean vents had occasioned little explosions, and very much disturbed the inhabitants of the country. Some ten cottages situated on the verge of the mountain were destroyed. It is not said that any men had perished in the disaster. The Royal National Theatre of Berlin was destroyed by fire on the 29th July. So rapid were the flames, that it was impossible to save any thing; and it was only by the activity of the firemen and police, that two churches, between which the theatre stood, as well as the neighbouring houses, did not also become a prey to the flames. The damage is estimated at about a million and a half of crowns. The build ing was 244 feet long, 155 broad, and 155 high within the walls. The fire which destroyed it is believed to have been wilful, and twelve persons, suspected as the incendiaries, have been apprehended. A state of the organization of the Austrian army has been published, from which it appears that there are 564 generals, and 380 colonels, of whom 321 of the former, and 163 of the latter, are unemployed. The forces are composed of 58 regiments of infantry of the line, of which six are in France, and three in the Neapolitan dominions. There are 21 battalions of grenadiers, 17 frontier regiments, a battalion of Czaikistes, a regiment of Tyrolean chasseurs, composed of four battalions, 12 battalions of chasseurs, of which two are in France, and five battalions are in garrison. Besides these, there are the cavalry, the artillery, the miners, sappers, &c. Population, &c. of Austria.-A periodical work, on statistics, politics, and history, published at Vienna, by the Baron de LICHTENSTERN, contains the following statistical sketch of the provinces and population of the Austrian Monarchy, as they stand since the treaty with Bavaria, on the 14th of April last : 1. Austrian States.-1. The country below the Ens, in extent 364 5-10ths square miles, with 1,048,000 inhabitants. 2. The country above the Ens, including the Inriviertel and the portions of the Slansruckviertel newly united, 208 6-10ths square miles, and 628,000 souls; the duchy of Styria, 392 square miles, and 798,100 inhabitants; the duchy of Carinthia, 190 square miles, and 278,000 souls; the duchy of Carniola, with Idria, 190 square miles, and 377,000 souls; the country and principality of the Tyrol, with the tribunal of Wells and the lordships of the Voralberg, excepting that of Weller, 514 square miles, and 692,000 souls; the duchy of Salzburgh without the districts of Launen, Trisendorf, Titmanning, and Wagen, for the portions situate on the left bank of the rivers Salzach and Saal, 162 8-10ths square miles, and 164,000 souls. 2. States of Bohemia. The kingdom of Bohemia, with the districts of Egra and Asch, 951 4-10ths square miles, and 3,203,000 souls; the margravate of Moravia, with the Austrian part of the duchy of Silesia, 551 8-10ths square miles, and 1,708,000 inhabitants. 3. The kingdom of Galicia, including the Buckovine and the district of Tarnopole recently re-united thereto, 1514 square miles, and 3,645,000 souls. 4. The kingdom of Hungary, with the provinces and districts of the kingdoms of Sclavonia and Croatia, 4112 square miles, and 7,900,000 souls. 5. The grand duchy of Transylvania, with its annexed military frontier, 1064 8-10ths square miles, and 1,660,000 souls. 6. The kingdom of Dalmatia, with the districts of Ragusa and Caltaro, 304 square miles, and 343,000 souls. 7. The Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, divided into the governments of Lombardy and Venice, 830 4-10ths square miles, and 4,290,000 souls. 8. The countries of the Austrian military frontier, in Croatia.-1. The commanderies of Carlstadt and Waradin, 231 square miles, and 295,000 souls. 2. The Bannat frontier, 47 5-10ths square miles, and 95,000 souls. 3. The frontier province of Sclavonia, 135 square miles, and 230,000 souls. 4. The Hungarian Bannat, 145 square miles, and 171,000 souls. 5. The military frontier of Transylvania, 137,000 souls. Total, 12,046 square miles, and 27,956,000 inhabitants. DENMARK. The government of this country has availed itself of the first moments of peace to remove the burdens caused by the war, including the extraordinary income tax, which had been imposed for eight years. On the 25th ult. the prisoners in the House of Correction at Copenhagen revolted, and set the prison on fire; cannon, loaded with grape shot, were brought down and fired upon them. The ringleaders were tried on the 27th by a Council of War, and several of them executed. The damage done by the fire is estimated at from 3 to 400,000 crowns. SWEDEN. Prince Oscar, son of the Crown Prince Bernadotte, took his seat on the 15th July as a member of the Swedish Council of State, on which occasion the King addressed a speech to him from the throne. The Crown Prince also made a solemn address to the King and to the prince his son. Prince Oscar has been appointed Viceroy of Norway. A letter in a Hamburgh paper describes certain measures which have been adopted by the Government of Sweden for the suppression of foreign trade, by bringing back the manners of the people from modern refinements to the standard of their ancient simplicity. Voluntary associations are forming in the different provinces, for laying aside the use of all foreign articles, for wearing no clothes of foreign manufacture, --for using no liquors except such as are made at home, and for retrenching all superfluous expences at weddings, christenings, burials, &c. This system is too artificial to last, and we may be assured that, however strictly it may be enforced for a time, it will soon be evaded in all points. Restraints of any sort on the domestic habits of a country are always felt to be extremely irksome; there is consequently a perpetual tendency to shake them off, and thus it has always been found that any system of sumptuary laws for restraining the private expences of individuals, has invariably given way before the improving habits and taste of the community. According to a table, describing the civil state of Sweden, 344 children at the breast were, during the year 1814, smothered by their mothers or nurses while asleep; and in the following year, 369 died through this kind of imprudence. RUSSIA. An attempt to raise coal, that prime article ef fuel, is now about to be made, under the immediate patronage of the Emperor. The spot fixed upon for this purpose is in the vicinity of Tula-Tula, celebrated for its extensive iron-works, and especially recollected at this time, from the circumstance of Bonaparte's defcated intention of destroying them. Tula is the capital of the government of that name, distant from Moscow one hundred and fifteen miles, and situate on the river Upha, in long. 37. 24. east, and lat. 54. 10. north. This undertaking (the success of which will form an epocha never to be forgotten in the annals of the Russian empire) is under the immediate patronage, we might have added, and at the instance of the truly patriotic and enlightened Alexander. All the measures were concerted in London with his Excellency Count Lieven, the Russian ambassador; and on the 20th ult. Mr Longmire, of Whitehaven, (the director and actuary in this important concern,) proceeded from hence to London,, with an assistant draftsman, and four pitmen, belonging to Whitehaven, and two borers, previously engaged at Newcastle. They sailed from Gravesend for St Petersburgh, on the 1st of this month; all their equipments for the voy. age being on the most liberal scale. We understand they are to winter at Moscow, except a few occasional visits to Tula, as the season may allow, and to commence operations as early after that as the climate will permit. TURKEY. A famous leader of pirates, named Catramatto, who was conveyed to Constantinople in the beginning of May from Negropont, in a Turkish brig, has been hanged by order of the government of Galata, and six or seven sailors suffered at the same time, as an example to deter others from the like offences. As Catramatto was a native of the Ionian Islands, and no English interpreter attended at the trial, the circumstance of his condemnation has given rise to some explanatory interviews between the British minister and the agents of the Sublime Porte Three heads have been lately exposed at the gate of the Seraglio of some rebellious chiefs, which have been transmitted by the command of the Pacha of Aleppo. Eleven pirates have been conducted to Constantinople, and executed in the following manner :-They began by hanging one before the shops of the market, and left him exposed three days, after which they hanged a second, and so on with the others. The execution thus lasted for 33 days. ASIA. NEW SOUTH WALES. The Sydney Gazette, of the 2d of March, states the execution of W. Longford, for a highway robbery, who, when confessing his former offences to the clergyman under the gallows, said, that the one which gave him the greatest concern was the murder of an unfortunate man who kept a toll-gate at or near Cheltenham; that he regretted the circumstance the more, as the man had a large family; that he shot him for an attempt to stop him, in September 1811; no person had been executed for the crime, though many had been apprehended and examined on suspicion, as he had himself been. He said he was transported to the colony for desertion, and had committed many offences in England upon the highway. EAST INDIES. An overland dispatch has been received from India, from the governor of Bombay, dated 22d March, and communicating the important intelligence of the taking of the fortress of Hattras by the British army. This fortress belonged to a chief of the name of Diaram, who, having given cause of of fence to the British government, refused all explanation of his conduct. War having been in consequence resolved upon, the British troops immediately took the field, and being arrived before the place, summoned it to surrender. The enemy refusing to capitulate, it was determined to carry the place by storm. With this view a heavy bom bardment was commenced, and Congreve rockets were used with the most destructive effect. A bomb falling on the magazine, occasioned a tremendous explosion, which destroyed numbers in the garrison, and finally enabled the assailants to gain possession of the fortress. The loss of the British by the fire of the enemy was inconsiderable, The Madras Gazette, of the 15th March, contains the following distressing account : "We are concerned to state a melancholy accident which occurred in Columbo harbour on the 27th of January, by the upsetting of one of the boats belonging to his Majesty's ship Iphigenia. From the accounts re ceived, it appears, that a party of officers belonging to his Majesty's 73d regiment had proceeded on board the Iphigenia on that day to dine with the officers of the ship, and that on their return in the evening, the boat unfortunately upset, by which distressing occurrence no less than seven lives were lost. Ensigns Campbell, Coane, and Hanwell, of his Majesty's 73d regiment, and Lieutenant Sanders, of his Majesty's ship Iphigenia, two scamen, and one boy, were drowned; the remaining seven got safe on shore." Advices from Bombay to the 16th March state, that the trade to the Persian Gulph has been most dreadfully annoyed for a length of time by the Jooffmel pirates, who had no less than forty cruizers at sea. On the 6th January, three of them attacked and captured, after a smart action, the Deriah, Doulut, belonging to the East India Company. Seventeen of the crew were murdered, eight detained as prisoners, and the remainder, who were wounded, were landed to the westward of Bombay. The pirates were armed with six nine pounders, and carried from 100 to 200 men. The Union, Captain Barker, is stated to have been wrecked about fifteen months previous to the above date, near the island of Engano. The captain, three officers, and forty-seven men, had reached the island, where they were stripped, and detained prisoners; one of them, a native of Batavia, had escaped, and brought the above intelligence. His Majesty's ship Alceste was lost on a rock off the north end of Middle Island, in the Straits of Gasper, on or about the 17th of February; she was last from Manilla; struck about seven o'clock in the morning. They landed on Middle Island; no lives lost. Lord Amherst went to Batavia with three of the ship's boats, and about forty men. The Ternate, one of the Honourable Company's cruizers, immediately sailed for the wreck, and found them (Captain Maxwell and about 225 people, who were on Middle Island) surrounded by seven or eight hundred Malays, expecting an attack from them every moment. They all left the wreck and went to Batavia in the Ternate. The letters from the Mauritius by the Pallas, which sailed the 8th of April last, convey very gloomy intelligence of the state of that colony. In consequence of the dreadful fire, houses of the highest commercial character have required ten and six years to meet their engagements. All metallic money has disappeared; and the local Treasury had been compelled to issue notes for sums so low as a rupee. These are depreciated in the Bazaar; and, even in exchange for brass money, the holder is compelled to allow a premium. The second expedition to Madagascar has experienced as disastrous a result as the first experiment. Before the Pallas sailed, the Musquito sloop of war was despatched from Port Louis to bring back the survivors; but it was feared, from the dreadful mortality, that all the new settlers had perished, amongst whom was Governor Farquhar's aide-de-camp Lieutenant-Governor Le Sage. CHINA. The failure of the late embassy to China has been ascribed to certain impositions practised by the Chinese officers of state on the Emperor; and the fact is now placed beyond doubt, by an imperial edict, a copy of which we now subjoin, extracted from the Pekin Gazette of the 4th September 1816. It is a singular production, conveying, amidst a pompous simplicity, some very sensible admonition. "On the present occasion of the English nation sending envoys with the tribute of valuable offerings, as they could not, when at Tiensing, return thanks for the feast agreeably to the regulated form, the conducting them again to their boats, for the purpose of proceeding farther north, was the fault of Su-ling-gue and Quanghoy. "When they were at Tongchew, and had not yet practised the ceremony-the framing a confused and indistinct report, and then conducting them at once to court, was the fault of Ho-she-tay and New-ketong-gue. Finally, on the 7th day, I, the Emperor, having issued my orders, and ascended into the imperial hall, called the envoys to an audience: but the envoys and suite had travelled from Tongchew all night, and had come direct to the palace gate, without stopping by the way at their appointed residence; and their dresses of ceremony not having arrived, they could not present themselves before me. If at that time Ho-she-tay had addressed to me a true report, I, the Emperor, would certainly have issued my commands, and have changed the time of the audience, in order to correspond with their intentions in coming ten thousand miles to my court. On the contrary, he addressed to me repeated reports, expressed in disrespectful language, in consequence of which the envoys were sent back, and the ceremonies could not be completed. The error and mismanagement of Ho-she-tay in this affair are wholly inexcusable. "The arrangements for the business of the day had already been made. Excepting the minister Totsiu, who was absent from illness, and Toukao and Leu-yin-po, whose attendance had not been required, all the assisting princes, grandees, and great officers of state, as well as all the great officers of the palace, were in waiting in the antichambers. Many of them must have been eye-witnesses of the whole affair, and must have known in their hearts that it was their duty to have made a true report of it to me, and to have solicited me to alter the period of the audience; yet they sat unmoved while the affair was thus going wrong. Though Ho-she-tay was visibly alarmed and in error, no one stood forward to set him right. "After the imperial audience took place, some persons who knew the truth, disclosed Ho-she-tay's error and irresolution; but why did they not address me at the time in his stead? or if they dared not go that length, why did they not at least awaken Ho-she-tay, and cause him to report the truth? Thus it is, that when public business occurs, their countenances are always placid and composed-they sit unmoved, and see its failure with indifference. Such conduct, whenever it occurs in any situation of hazard or difficulty, one cannot behold without sighing deeply. "The affair in which Ho-she-tay has erred is in itself a very small one; yet even in this the officers of the court have been found destitute of any expedient for the service of their country. For the future let them eradicate all selfish principles: whenever there is any defect of fidelity or public spirit, let no one plead that it is an affair which does not individually concern him-let all look up, and diligently regulate their conduct according to the true spirit of the admonitions I have repeatedly given them.-Respect this." Letters are said to be received from Canton, dated on the 8th of March, which state, that the Emperor of China has sent a letter to the Prince Regent, requiring that no more embassies be sent to the " Celestial Empire." The Anti-English party at the Chinese court is reported in the same letters to have been restored to the emperor's favour, notwithstanding his severe edict of censure against them. The latest accounts from Canton state, that much discontent prevails among the people of Cochin-China, occasioned by the King nominating for his successor a son of one of his concubines. The Emperor of China, who pretends to have a right to interfere in the appointment of the kings of that country, has expressed his displeasure at the nomination. AFRICA. ALGIERS. The plague broke out in Algiers on the 15th July, to which place it was introduced by a caravan of Moors returning from Mecca, who afterwards proceeded over land to Morocco; and the disease now rages all along the coast. The religion of the natives not allowing them to take any precautions against infection, it is to be feared that the mortality will spread its ravages without control. TRIPOLI The Dey of Tripoli has presented the Prince Regent of Great Britain with such remains of antiquity as are moveable at Lebyda, which is famous for being the site of Carthage. The on storeship is now on her voyage thither, for the purpose of receiving and carrying to England those ancient monuments, which are represented as highly curious, and illustra tive of that once splendid capital. It is stated, that the Dey has offered protection, as far as his authority extends, to any European who is willing to attempt the journey from Tripoli to Tombuctoo. This, however, will prove but trifling, as the greatest danger exists after quitting his territories, as the road lies then directly across the Great Desart. ST HELENA. The Lucy and Mary recently arrived at Portsmouth, left St Helena on the 17th of June. The from Bengal and Madras, was to sail on the 20th. Bonaparte was well. He had lately received a bust of his son, which afforded him much evident satisfaction. It was given in charge to a sailor, of the ship Baring (it was believed), who, upon his arrival at the island, was to concert the most prudent means of conveying it to its destination. The man became dangerously ill, before the opportu nity of executing his secret commission presented itself; and sending for his com |