government take care of itself, it will surely fall into the hands. of corrupt men, who will take advantage of the people's indifference and will use the people's money without regard for the people's interests but for their own selfish ends. If we are to have good government, the people—that is, you and I-must not only understand the government but must also be watchful, interested, and willing to assist in every possible way.

How can we assist? We can study the principles of our government. We can study and endeavor to understand the questions which our government has to face and decide. We can inform ourselves in regard to the candidates who are seeking office, so that we can cast our votes with intelligence. We can use our influence to get the best men nominated for, and elected to, office. When our country needs us, whether to serve on a grand jury or to cast our ballot, or to hold office, or to defend the nation in time of war, we can respond with patriotism and devotion. We can pay our taxes willingly, realizing that the government cannot exist and perform all of its necessary and invaluable services unless it has the money with which to meet expenses. We can obey the laws cheerfully, even though we are occasionally inclined to believe that this or that law is unwise or unjust. These are some of the more commonplace duties which every good American citizen owes to himself and his fellow citizens.

But this is not all. It is not sufficient that we do our duty directly in the matter of carrying on and furthering the interests of the government itself. On more than one occasion in the course of our study we have had occasion to note that the responsibility for the progress and development of a community does not rest wholly upon the government. The government cannot do everything that the community needs. We as individuals and in our private societies and associations can and ought to do not only many things to help the government but also many things for the better

ment of our community which the government does not undertake at all. Some men and women do nothing for their community except to cast their votes on election days. Some do not even do that. Some people do nothing for their community either because they are indifferent, or because they think that everything should be done by the government itself, or because they have never stopped to think of the many ways in which they might be of assistance. Such persons are not making the best of their opportunities. They are not living up to the high ideal of citizenship of which they are capable; for this ideal means that we must recognize our responsibilities in return for the privileges that we enjoy by reason of our community life. If we do nothing more, we can at least be energetic and industrious, and thus by our own progress promote the progress of our community. We can at all times be considerate of the rights of others. We can be honest with, and kind to, our fellowmen. And we can greatly improve the appearance of our community by improving the appearance of our own property.

Perhaps of all American citizens the citizen who has been born on foreign soil but has become naturalized in this country owes the greatest amount of loyalty and devotion to the government. We have received him gladly and made him one of us. He has voluntarily accepted our hospitality as a nation. He should show his appreciation by his interest in everything that makes for the betterment of the community in which he has chosen to live; and in time of stress, when perhaps the American nation has been brought into disagreement with some foreign nation, even though that nation be the one under which he was born, his loyalty to America, the country of his voluntary adoption, should be above the possibility of criticism.

APPENDIX

THE. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

PREAMBLE

WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America.

ARTICLE I. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section I. Congress in general

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section II. House of Representatives

1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature.

2. No person shall be a 'Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. 1 The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration 1 Part in italics is no longer in effect.

shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland, six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and Georgia, three. 1

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Section III. Senate

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof,2 for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 2

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States.

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.

7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 1 Part in italics is no longer in effect.

2 Part in italics is no longer in effect. See Amendment XVII.

honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.

Section IV. Both Houses

1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section V. The Houses separately

1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each house may provide.

2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any. question, shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Section VI. Privileges and disabilities of members

1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the