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been written to that I should induce a certain man in Chicago to send a Jewish letter of divorce (Get) to his wife whom he had left in the old country, and who had been divorced from him for good cause by a Prussian court. In her conscience the wife believes herself to be bound to the man until she has received a "Get" from him. She and all her relatives and the whole Jewish population, in whose midst she has grown up, look upon the Talmudical laws in this respect as inviolable. My endeavors with the man were in vain; he refused to send out the desired writ, and thereby to release his wife. Finally, the wife herself came over to this country. But her entreaties, her tears, all had not the desired effect; the man did not issue the Get. This is no fancy sketch; this is a real fact. What means offers now the Talmudical law to emancipate such a woman from the chains which bind her eternally to such a man? Can any "Saneigor" of the Talmudical law point out such means in the Talmud or in the codes extracted therefrom? There are no such means. The woman must remain in her thraldom all her life long. Here is a case where a female cannot obtain a divorce for cause under the Talmudic law.

Secondly. Every beginner in the history of Jewish law knows that the Prosbul was first instituted by Hillel. When Hillel perceived that the people neglected many commands of charity on account of the Sabbatical year, he instituted the Prosbul (Shebiith, x, 3). Previous to H. there was no Prosbul. The Prosbul-document has not the least mentioning of a conveyance of real estate, either by the grantor or the grantee, or somebody else. It is nothing else except a reserval of the right to claim debts after the seventy year which had been contracted before the seventh year. The court, before whom the Prosbnl was executed, took a memorandum of the fact that the debtor, or his bondsman, owned some real estate, and upon this real estate the creditor had a lien until his debt was paid. This lien was understood by itself, and no documentary evidence thereof was necessary. The readers of this journal will readily find many analogies to such liens in modern codes. Whatever now the Talmud says in regard to Prosbul, has invariably reference to the Prosbul as instituted by Hillel, and as defined here, and must be understood accordingly.

B. FELSENTHAL.

THE HONOR AND DIGNITY OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION. Doctor Nott, in his lectures to the senior class at Union College, used to say that different results were produced on the minds of persons engaged in the same business or profession, according to the motives with which they engaged in them.

Howard visited the jails of Europe, and the more he saw of imprisonment and suffering, the more sympathy he had for those imprisoned, and the more anxious be was to relieve them. Another individual visits the same prisons, and sees the same suffering which Howard saw. His object in doing so, is to see that the sentences are carried into full and complete execution. He finds the food of one better than he thinks it ought to be; another ought to do more work than is required of him, and another might have his hair shaved closer, and in various other ways more effectually debased and degraded. Such a person soon begins to take delight in human suffering. All species of cruelty which he witnesses is to him a source of real pleasure. He loves to attend executions and he delights to see men whipped at the whipping post.

The same principle applies to members of the legal profession. Those who enter it as a means of doing good, and out of love of the principles which the study of it inculcates, are purer and better the longer they remain in it. Those who enter it merely as a means of making money, become baser and more corrupt and dishonest the longer they continue in it. The Code gave full scope to this corrupting influence when it allowed attorneys to become interested, by way of compensation in the subject-matter in litigation.

Unfortunately, some of the most respectable counsel in the State have got themselves apparently in a false pecuniary position, in appearing as attorneys for towns in suits growing out of the bonding act in aid of railroads, as though their sole object in doing so was to make money. When they ask for their pay, they are told to present their bills to the town auditing board and to attach to it an affidavit. The town board examines it, and cuts it down one-half more or less, thus showing their appreciation of the integrity of the attorney they have employed by accusing him substantially of swearing false. This is a most effectual and cruel way of destroying the honor and dignity of the legal profession. Considering the vast amount of money invested in town bonds, and the number of suits in which towns are likely to become parties on the record, the members of the profession ought to have their attention called to the position they occupy in becoming attorneys for towns, and the ordeal through which they may have to pass in attempting to obtain compensation for their services.

A blacksmith would not submit to such degradation in order to collect a bill for horse-shoeing-swear to the correctness of it, and then have the other party pay it or not, or such parts of it as he might think proper. Such degradation, however, is attempted in more instances than one, to be reserved for the legal profession.

ADOPTION.

*

NEW YORK, Dec. 8, 1873.

DEAR SIR: I have read with interest the article on adoption in your JoURNAL for December 6. It may interest your readers to know that the bill, as at first passed, included the right of inheritance, but was altered at the request of Gov. Dix. Perhaps he had good reasons; but he thereby defeated the object proposed, which was this, to compel persons of property, who adopt children, either to provide for them in some way, or, if they don't want to do that, to formally say so by will. It is a case of not unfrequent occurrence, that a child is trained up tenderly and in luxury, and then left in utter poverty, because the adopted parent has made no will. In the case of a daughter it works much hardship.

Yours respectfully,

J. B. VARNUM.

COURT OF APPEALS.

Ordered, that a term of this court, for the year 1874, will commence at the capitol, in the city of Albany, on the third Monday of January next. Notices of argument, with proof or admission of service, must be filed with the clerk on or before the 5th day of January, 1874. Only such cases will be put on the calendar as shall be regularly noticed for said term.

E. O. PERRIN, Clerk.

COURT OF APPEALS DECISIONS. The following decisions were announced in the Court of Appeals on Tuesday, the 9th inst.:

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Judgments affirmed with costs - Goelet v. Spofford; Goelet v. Spofford; Blancke v. Bryant; The National Bank of Commerce v. The National Mechanics' Banking Association; The New York Guaranty and Indemnity Company v. Flynn; Bryce v. The Lorillard Fire Insurance Company; Dening v. Puleston. Judgments reversed and new trials granted, costs to abide event Van Zandt, executrix v. The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company; Collender v. Dinsmore; Hughes v. The Mercantile Insurance Company.- Orders affirmed with costs-The People ex rel. Martin v. Brown; The People ex rel. Board of Supervisors of Westchester County v. Fowler; Lenahan v. Haman.-Order granting new trial reversed, and judgment on report of referee affirmed with costs - Cowdin v. Gottgetren.

- Order granting a new trial reversed and exceptions overruled, and judgment for the defendant on nonsuit at circuit with costs-McClure v. The Mutual Insurance Company.

NOTES.

In the law books published on this side of the Atlantic there are seldom to be found appeals to the tender emotions. Jarman on Wills, or Williams on Executors, are as cold and unsympathetic as a treatise on the integral calculus. We observe that an American writer on the "Probate Jurisdiction and Practice in the County Courts" has attempted to introduce a reform in the mode of treating these subjects. In speaking of probate jurisdiction he says:

"A jurisdiction so often invoked by those involved in intense sorrow demands that they should manifest their sincere affection for

Hearts from which 'twas death to sever,
Eyes this world can ne'er restore,

not only by a faithful observance of the will of the ancestor or the law of descent, but by closely following in the execution of their trusts and discharge of duties, the custom and practice of the County Court, according to the statute in such case made and provided."

And on the following page the author, under the head of the care requisite in developing such a subject, says:

"In view of such trusts we approach our subject with feelings of awe. Such feelings are nowhere better expressed than in the Forest Hymn," from which he proceeds to quote. This reverent spirit is very delightful, but would it not be better to put the poetry into the foot notes.-Solicitors' Journal.

SOME Curious statistics of the work done by Gray'sinn have been published. The entire number of calls from Hilary Term, 1870, inclusive, is as follows: In 1870, Hilary 0, Easter 1, Trinity 0, Michaelmas 1; in 1871, Hilary 2, Easter 2, Trinity 1, Michaelmas 0; in 1872, Hilary 1, Easter 1, Trinity 3, Michaelmas 1; in 1873, Hilary 0, Easter 0, Trinity 0. Total calls in 15 terms, 13. Thus, if the annual income of the society is £7,000, £28,000 have been expended in calling thirteen gentlemen to the bar, at a cost of upward of £2,150 each.

IF "LEX, JR.," will turn to page 340 of this volume of the LAW JOURNAL, he will find a report of the case of Baker v. Drake, which he desires us to "publish in full."

FOREIGN NOTES.

The evidence in the Tichborne case closed on the 2d inst., and Dr. Kenealey, counsel for the defense began his speach. Sir John Duke Coleridge,

Lord Chief Justice of the English Court of Common Pleas, is to be raised to the peerage. He will become Baron Coleridge. -During the last ten years nine judges of the English Court of Equity have died, viz., Lords Westbury and Cransworth, Sir John Holt, Sir C. J. Selwyn, Sir J. Knight Bruce, Sir G. M. Gifford, Sir James Wigram, Sir George Turner and Sir John Wickens. -The Italian Chambers on the 24th ult. unanimously adopted a resolution recommending the introduction of the arbitration clause in future treaties with foreign powers.— At a meeting recently held in Rome, at which David Dudley Field, Esq., of New York, and M. Richard, Secretary of the Paris Peace Society, were present, it was decided that an Italian Committee should be organized in connection with the Judicial Congress of Brussels. Count Sclopis and Gen. Garibaldi were appointed honorary members of the Committee. A public dinner was given in honor of Messrs. Field and Richard on the 27th ult., when Signor Mancini and others made speeches, in which the Virginius affair was alluded to, and the hope expressed that the question which has arisen between Spain and the United States would be referred to arbitration. -The death is announced of Hon. Arthur Peel, Chief Justice of Antigua, W. I.

LEGAL NEWS.

Judge M. W. Delahay, of the United States District Court for Kansas, has resigned.

The prison system of Ohio is said to be the best in the United States.

It is proposed to place busts of the late Chief Justices Taney and Chase in the room of the United States Supreme Court.

Hon. Lyman Tremain has become a partner with the Hon. Henry E. Davies, of New York city, in the place of the Hon. Noah Davis, raised to the bench.

General Lewis T. Wigfall, formerly United States senator from Texas, on the first applied for admission to the Baltimore city bar. The customary oath of allegiance to the United States, the constitution, laws and government thereof was administered, and exSenator Wigfall was admitted to practice as an attorney.

In the United States senate, on Tuesday, Mr. Parsons, of Ohio, gave notice of a bill to repeal the bankruptcy laws, and Mr. Poland, of Vermont, offered a resolution, which was adopted, directing the judiciary committee to examine the statistics in regard to bankruptcy, and prepare and report such amendments thereto as will simplify and expedite proceedings thereunder and diminish the expenses thereof.

The United States senate has confirmed the following nominations: Martin Welker, to be district judge for the Northern District of Ohio, vice Charles T. Sherman, resigned; Nathaniel Shipman, district judge for Connecticut, vice Wm. D. Shipman, resigned. George P. Sanger, United States district attorney for Massachusetts; W. S. Lurty, for the Western District of Virginia; Wm. W. Bellson, for the District of Minnesota; Rufus Mallory, for the district of Oregon. Robert N. McLaren, United States marshal, for the District of Minnesota; George R. Maxwell, United States marshal, for the Territory of Utah.

The Albany Law Journal.

ALBANY, DECEMBER 20, 1873.

SOME RARE LAW BOOKS.

Law books are generally not things of beauty. There is nothing particularly gratifying to the esthetic department of the human organism in the conventional typography and sheep skin. Some of our publishers give considerable attention to the mechanical execution of their books, and deserve and receive a good degree of credit therefor. But, after all, their labors seldom please the eye. In most marked contrast to even the very best of our books, are a series of law books that have been recently issued by Messrs. Stevens & Haynes, of London. They are reprints of some of the scarcest of the Old English Reports, and in their mechanical execution would delight the heart of Aldus Manutius, Thuanus, or any other admirer of elegant editions. The black letter type of the originals is faithfully reproduced, the curious, old-style spelling and interchange of letters have been closely followed, while the rich antique calf covers are, no doubt, superior to any thing that served to encase the original Reports. These editions have been carefully prepared, and some of the volumes have been enriched with notes added in MS. to some copy of the original by its learned owner generations ago.

This enterprise of Messrs. Stevens & Haynes is a matter of universal interest, and appeals to every lover of elegant books. The works which they have reproduced are those which were the scarcest, and for copies of which the most exorbitant prices were demanded. The following is a brief description of the matter of these volumes.

The first in this series of exquisite reprints are Bellew's Cases Temp. Richard II, which bears the following title: "Les Ans Dv Roy Richard Le Second Collect' Ensembl' hors de les Abridgments de Statham, Fitzherbert et Brooke per Richard Bellevve de Lincolns Inne, 1585. At London, Imprinted by Robert Robinson dwelling in Fewter lane neere Holborne." Mr. Wallace in his " Reporters" says, "Bellew's Cases T. Richard II is very rare. Mr. Green, whose collection of reporters is complete, has a copy, the only one I ever saw, except the copy that I have myself." Bellew's Cases have been sometimes designated as the Year-book of Richard II, and they bridged the chasm existing between the third part of the year-books and the year-book of Henry IV. In his Epistle "To the Students of the Common Lawes of this Realme," the author discourses very quaintly of "howe dangerous it is by setting our accions on ye publike stage to submitte the valuation of our selves to ye censure of a multitude." Here is a paragraph from the same Epistle, which loses much of its quaintness in the modern type in which we dress it: "Now

whiles I considered hereupon and poysed them in the ballance of myne owne insufficiency, I remayned altogether fearefull and discouraged and then withall resolved to reserve this simple labour of myne to my owne private use for which I first made it. But calling to remembrance the disposition of the persons with whom specially I had to deale, beyng men with myndes tempered and qualified with studyes of best accompt and the work itself not myne but my collection adding thereunto the earnest persuasions of some of my best deserving friends I have adventured, as you see, under hope of your curteous acceptance to present you their withal not doubting, but yet as Learning hath no enemie but ignorance, so the ignorant, envious or opinionate Carper shall have no such adversary as the learned, nor this my simple travayl find better defense, then of those whose experience teaches them that Humanum est Errare, know how farre easier it is to find a fault, then to doe that which shal be without fault."

The second in this rare list is "Choyce Cases in Chancery." * A work which Mr. Wallace in his Reporters said was so rare, that except the copies in Temple Library and the Library of Lincoln's Inn, he had never seen more than one copy of it anywhere. The first half of the volume is devoted to "The Practice of the High Court of Chancery Unfolded," and the "Choyce Cases" fill the last half. Speaking of the cases, Mr. Wallace said: "Like Lombard, Tothill and a few similar law works, this volume is one which those great cases that occur from time to time and stimulate inquiry into the very foundations of legal science, will occasionally call forth, and it ought, therefore, to be in every public library." The address to the "Courteous Reader" is not a model of modesty. It says, "The Title of this Book promiseth much, yet I dare assure thee no more then the Body of it will afford. And although something of this subject hath been heretofore Printed, yet (without prejudice to them) I may boldly say That none hath traced the path of Truth so fully and clearly (in the particulars mentioned in the Title) as the composer of the ensuing Discourse hath done."

"Choyce Cases in Chancery" contains about two hundred and fifty-six cases, the greater number of which bear date from 19 to 26 Eliz., 1576 to 1583. The Chancellors during the period of these reports were Nicholas Bacon, Thomas Bromley and Lord Ellesmere. If the composer traced the path of truth so fully as he claimed to have done, the courts of those early times held no uncertain doctrine about contempts, for we read on this subject, "If any offenses or contempt be committed against the Court or against

*The Practice of the High Court of Chancery, with the Nature of the several Offices belonging to that Court, and the Reports of many Cases wherein Relief hath been there had and where denyed, and known as "Choyce Cases in Chancery." Reprinted from the edition of 1672. London: Stevens & Haynes. Bell Yard, Temple Bar, 1870. calf antique.

In 8vo, £2 2s.,

the great seal by word or deed upon serving the process, then upon affidavit then made, the party is there snapped up and committed immediately without any examination of him at all; for better it were (if the affidavit should prove untrue) to suffer that mischief to one particular person, then the inconvenience that such an high Court of Justice (as is the Chancery) or process or authority thereof should be condemned." The next work in this goodly company is Cunningham's Reports," the imprint upon which takes us back over a hundred years, and the cases in which bear date of the time of George the Second and Hardwicke. The advertisement, more modest than that of the Composer of the "Choyce Cases" - says: "The following cases were taken by a gentleman of considerable business at the bar of the King's Bench, during the time that Lord Hardwicke presided in that court. They have been perused and approved by some persons eminent in the law; by whose advice and under whose inspection the editor has committed them to the press."

Again, he says, "As these cases are published without any name of distinction, and without any recommendation of authority, they have nothing to rely on but their own intrinsic worth, whatever it is; and that, it is hoped, will be sufficient to support them, as it has done some books which came into the world as naked and friendless as this; but which soon broke through the obscurity of their birth by the lustre of their merit, and are now of established reputation, recognized by every Court of Judicature in the Kingdom; so universally true it is (what was said by a very great man, the highest living ornament of the law) that every case well reported speaks for itself, and reason is the best authority, and, indeed, in matters of science, no other authority ought to be submitted to. All, therefore, that the editor has to wish is that these reports may have leave to speak for themselves, and that reason, with respect to them, may be allowed to stand in the place of authority."

Not the least valuable and interesting portion of this volume, is that devoted to "A Proposal for rendering the laws of England Clear and Certain ”— a unique and instructive chapter on law reporting, and in behalf of an authorized body of Reporters. After a hasty glance at the Civil law, and the Institutes, Digests and Code of the Romans, the author gives a rapid history of the English reporters from the Year books of Edward III to the day of the writer. There are many sensible and forcible suggestions and remarks thrown in by the way, which we had marked

*Reports of cases argued and adjudged in the Court of King's Bench, in the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Years of King George the Second, during which time the Right Honourable the Earl of Hardwicke was Lord Chief Justice of that court. By T. Cunningham. The third edition, revised and corrected by Thomas Townsend Bucknill, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, London: Stephens & Haynes, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, 1871. In 8vo, price £3 3s., calf antique.

*

for quotation, but our space will only permit a few sentences from the author's views as to a good reporter. "A reporter thus appointed," he saith, "should have a liberal education; understand both the theory and practice of the law; be able clearly to comprehend the reasoning of the judges, and be ready at writing down what he hears in short-hand or otherwise; and, afterward, properly digesting it. And to do this effectually, the matter should be methodised in such a manner, the several facts so disposed, and the whole so perspicuous and clear, that all persons may easily understand the report. All addresses to the passions, all glosses and ornaments of counsel, which they may deem necessary in their pleadings, should find no place in the state of the case. The reporter, in telling the story, ought not to speak as one of the counsel concerned in the cause, but, as it were, as a judge. * An able reporter should likewise be so well versed in our laws, as not to be a stranger to the greatest part of what is cited out of the books; for, unless he thoroughly conceives what comes from the bench and bar, he will be no more able to execute this office with success, than one who was ignorant of the principles of astronomy or anatomy would be able justly to report a lecture in either of those sciences. It is impossible,' says Lord Coke, 'to make a just and true relation of any thing he understand not.'" Another observation seems so pertinent to the times, that we will not exclude it; "after the revolution, and during the reigns of King William, Queen Anne, King George I and his late Majesty, many reports have been published, most of which 'let open the windows of the law to let in the gladsome light, whereby the reason thereof may be clearly discerned,' and tho' 'some of them, as Justice Shelley said, might be compared to Banbury cheeses, whose superfluities being pared away, there would not be enough left to bait what Lord Hale called the Mouse-trap of the Law; yet, probably, the meanest of them may, like the little birds, add something toward building the eagle's nest.'"

rest.

"Cooke's Reports "* come next in this "Grand Companie," and in a dress quite in keeping with the Sir George Cooke was Chief Prothonotary of the Common Bench, and a very able Chief Prothonotary and reporter he was declared to be, in Palmer V. Edwards, 3 Wilson, 184. Messrs. Stevens & Haynes were induced to select this report, as the next in their series, by reason, partly of its great scarcity, and partly by having become possessed of a copy formerly belonging to Mr. Justice Nares, and containing numerous MS notes. These notes, it is said, appear to have been partly his own, and partly copied from notes made by Chief Justice Eyre. Many of these

* Sir George Cooke's Reports and Cases of Practice in the Court of Common Pleas, 1706 to 1747. The third edition, with the additional cases and references contained in MS. notes made by L. C. J. Eyre and Mr. Justice Nares. Edited by Thomas Townsend Bucknill, of the Inner Temple, Barrister at Law. London: Stevens & Haynes, 1872. In 8vo, £3 38.

notes are elaborate, and all add greatly to the value of the volume.

Brooke's New Cases Temp., Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary,* though oldest in time, is the next in order of publication of this series of Old English Reports. It was first published in 1578, seven years prior to "Bellewe's Cases," and was compiled by the said Bellewe. There is much in it of the quaint and curious, as well as of the instructive, but we have not space at this time to notice it further.

Kelynge's Reports in Chancery and King's Bench,† is the sixth of the series, and the publishers state that they have reproduced it, "to enable Libraries and the Profession to complete their series of Early Reports, and which, owing to the great scarcity of the Work, many hitherto have been unable to do."

The most recent issue of this goodly procession is Kelynge's Crown Cases. There have been two editions of these cases, the first published in London in 1708, folio, and the second, Dublin, 1789, octavo. Neither of these contained all the cases by Sir John Kelynge collected and left in MS. The omitted cases are included in this edition, and for the purpose of readily distinguishing them, are printed in red ink. This is in some respects the most entertaining of these Reprints, as the interest attaching to criminal law and cases is more dramatic than is to be found in the reading of civil cases. Among other things, the volume contains the Resolutions of the Judges called together at the restoration of Charles II to determine the law and proceedings that should govern in the trial of the persons apprehended for the murder of Charles I. There are a number of these "resolves," some of which are very curious. We can note but a few of them. Here is how the person was laid in the indictment: "And it being not known who did that villainous Act; it was resolved that it should be laid that Quidam ignotus, with a Visor on his Face did the act: and that was well enough, and the other Persons be laid to be present aiding and assisting thereunto." It being agreed to lay the murder on the 30th of January, it became a question which gave

*Sir Robert Brooke's new Cases in the time of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Queen Mary. Collected out of Brooke's Abridgment, and Chronologically arranged, together with March's Translation of Brooke's New Cases, reduced alphabetically, under the proper heads and titles, with a table of the principal matters. London: Stevens & Haynes, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, 1873. 8vo. Price, £4.

+ William Kelynge's Reports in Chancery in the 4th and 5th year of George II. During which time Lord King was Lord High Chancellor, and on the King's Bench from the 5th to the 8th years of George II. During which time the Lords Raymond & Hardwicke were Lord Chief Justices of England. Reprinted from the edition of 1764. London: Stevens & Haynes, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, 1873.

Sir John Kelynge's Reports of Crown Cases in the time of King Charles II, third edition, containing cases never before Printed, together with a Treatise upon the Law and Pro

ceedings in Cases of High Treason by a Barrister at Law,

Edited by Richard Loveland Loveland of the Inner Temple,

Barrister at Law. London: Stevens & Haynes, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, 1873.

the judges a deal of trouble in whose reign the said day should be laid to be, "and the question grew, because there is no Fraction of a Day." It was finally settled not to specify a reign, "and that was well enough." Among those tried was Coke, of Grey's Inn, who was of counsel against the king, and who objected that he only acted as counsel and spoke words, and that words did not make Treason. But his objection did not avail him. Even my Lord Coke could not escape scatheless, for "it was observed that in these Posthumous Works of Sir E. Coke, of the Pleas of the Crown, and Jurisdiction of Courts, many great Errors were published, and in particular in his discourse of Treason and in the Treatise of Parliament." Where one was brought up to trial for murder who had a pardon, here is what followed: when he came to plead his New Pardon, and that was allowed, he paid Gloves to the Judges, which is a due fee," etc.

"And after

We believe this to be the most elegant series of law books ever published, and the enterprise of the publishers deserves and will receive a very hearty recognition. The series is to be continued by reprints of other old and scarce works from time to time.

CURRENT TOPICS.

Samuel Nelson, ex-Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, died suddenly on Saturday last at his home in Cooperstown. It was only a few months ago that he was compelled by failing health to resign his high office, after an uninterrupted service upon the bench of nearly fifty years. His retirement was the subject of universal regret, for in him was recognized a judge of profound learning, of great experience, of untiring industry and of the most incorruptible integrity and honor. In him we realized our highest ideal of a judge, and when his public career closed, we all felt how almost impossible it was to fill his place. He had reached that age when death comes not unawares, but its coming to him has occasioned the most profound sorrow to a great people who have learned to honor and respect him as few men are honored and respected. An able tribute from the pen of Mr. E. W. Stoughton will be found in vol. 7 of this JOURNAL, p. 24.

The House of Representatives, on Tuesday, passed by a large majority a bill repealing the Bankruptcy Law, except as to suits and proceedings now pending in courts of the United States, wherein an adjudication of bankruptcy has been made. Such cases are to be proceeded with and governed by the existing law, provided that the fees and charges of officers and agents are to be reduced one-half. The Senate Judiciary Committee has several bills before it providing either for an amendment or a repeal of the law, and at this writing it seems probable that a bill will be reported and acted upon before the adjourn

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