Boyce, esq. of Bideford, to Miss Sloly, of Torrington. Mr. W. Aggott, of Southmolton, to Miss Agnes Milford, of Truro. -Mr. H. Hawker, of Lymstone, to Miss A. Shipston, late of Exmouth.

Died.] At Exeter, 78, Mrs. A. Hicks. -At an advanced age, Elizabeth, widow of J. Dands, esq. of Birmingham.

At Plymouth, in Morice-town, 74, Mr. J. Whitford.-In Marlborough-row, 39, Mr. W. Ayres.-In Richmond-row, 40, Mr.J. Reed.-Lieut. Silver, R.N.

At Totnes, John Foster Barham, esq. late of Exeter, eminent for his literary knowledge and moral qualities.

At Teignmouth, W. Dyer, M.D. deservedly regretted.

CORNWALL.

Married.] Mr. J. Penrose, to Miss Stokes, both of Truro.-The Rev. T. Scott Smyth, of St. Austle, to Georgiana Theophila, daughter of the late Sir T. J. Metcalfe, bart.-At Maker, Mr. J. Martin, of East Looe, to Miss C. Harvey.-Mr. Reed, of Lostwithrel, to Miss Belman, of Liskeard.

Died.] At Penzance, 68, Mrs. Lloyd. At Truro, Thomas John, esq. a partner in the Miners' Bank, deservedly esteemed and regretted.

At Trewenter, 83, William Hocken, esq.-At Trelawney, in Pelynt, Lady Trelawney, wife of Sir Harry T. bart.

WALES.

Married.] Mr. J. Davies, of Cardigan, to Letitia, daughter of the late Richard Jones, esq. of Pantyrin.-Mr. J. Davies, to Miss Thomas; Mr. Thomas Thomas, to Miss J. Grisdale: all of Carmarthen.-Mr. M. William, of Newcastle, Bridgend, to Miss C. Whitesmith, of Hackney.

Died.] At Swansea, 55, Mrs. M. Richards, deservedly regretted.-Miss M. David.-On the Strand, Mr. J. Evaus.50, Mr. W. Bowers.

At Carmarthen, 91, Mrs. Horton, widow of Vaughan H. esq. chairman of the Quarter Sessions of the county, deservedly regretted.

At Brecon, Robert Cooke, esq. barrack-master, generally respected. Mr. J. West.

At Cadoxton, near Neath, 72, Mr. T. Johnson, much respected.-At Eastwood, Pembrokeshire, Sir H. Mannix, bart. of Richmond, Cork.

Stevenson, printer of the late newspaper called "the Beacon," for libel, was lately tried at Edinburgh: damages to the amount of 500l. were given to the plaintiff. This trial created considerable interest.

Married.] W. D. Blair, esq. of Glas gow, to Miss Bruce, of Upper Gowerstreet, Bedford-square, London.-Major P. Dunbar, to Jessie, daughter of the Rev. W. Leslie, of Balnagaith.

Died.] At Dundee, 71, Dr. Andrew Ross, M.D.

At Abbotshall, Fifeshire, J. Whytt, esq. IRELAND.

Considerable disturbance was created lately at the principal theatre in Dublin, by some furious zealots of the Orange party, who intended to insult the Viceroy, the Marquis Wellesley, for his recent prevention of the dressing of the statne in commemoration of "the Glorious Memory." His attendance at the theatre was selected for the expression of their re sentment. An obscure miscreant in the gallery threw a glass bottle at him, which narrowly missed him. The soldiery were compelled to act to restore order.

Married.] At Dublin, James Hunter, esq. to Miss Allen, of Dunover-house, county of Down.-John Harrison, esq. to Miss C. Thompson, both of Belfast.-Wm. Dawson, esq. of Dungannon, to Miss Carrick, of Richmount, county of Armagh.→ Mr. Stewart Turner, of Lisburn, to Miss M. Russel, of Ballinderry.

Died.] At Dublin, in Fitzgibbon-street, the Hon. and Rev. Lorenzo Hely Hutchinson, brother to Lord Donoughmore.

At Belfast, 46, Mr. S. Scott.-Mr. Magill.-In Major's-field, 42, Mrs. Rea.— 48, Miss Moore, highly and deservedly esteemed.

INCIDENTS ABROAD.

A junk of 8 or 900 tons burthen, from Amory, in China, with 1600 passengers, from the age of seventy to six, was unfortmmately wrecked on the 4th of February, on Gaspar island, and of the whole only 190 persons were saved. These were taken up by the British ship India, Capt. Pearl, from the rocks, island, and pieces of the wreck.

DEATHS ABROAD.

In the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, after a short illness, 24, Miss Mary Jennings, the eldest and accomplished dangh ter of Joseph Jennings, esq. late of Williton, Somerset.

No. 377.]

[Price 2s.

AN

HISTORICAL REVIEW

OF THE

SPANISH REVOLUTION;

Including some Account of

RELIGION, MANNERS, AND LITERATURE IN SPAIN.

ILLUSTRATED WITH A MAP.

BY EDWARD BLAQUIERE, ESQ. Author of "Letters from the Mediterranean," &c.

[Of this honest and able book we have already expressed our opinion in the Critical Proemium, and we now propose to justify that opinion by some extracts, which we are persuaded will highly interest our readers. The subject of Spain too increases every day in interest, and every enslaved thinker in Europe looks to the energies of the brave Spanish people, as the means by which public liberty may be extended and fixed among all civilized nations. If the Spaniards do their duty, do not abuse their new-born liberties, and are not betrayed, Europe may still be free. Mr. Blaquiere has afforded us the means of anticipating the probable results, and the glorious events of the 7th of last July have increased the hopes of mankind. Our quotations have been liberal, but they include not a tythe of the interest coutained in the volume.]

W

POPULAR FEELING.

WHILE passing over the fine Moorish bridge on the Ebro, which leads into Tudela, an immense crowd was seen moving slowly under a range of trees that shade the public walk: approaching nearer, I observed a long procession, composed of monks of several orders, bearing the host, numerous banners, and other religious symbols. These preceded by a train of some hundred females, dressed in white and veiled: a regiment of infantry marched in the rear. The whole assembly had just consecrated the lapida, or constitutional stone, in the great square, and was then MONTHLY MAG. No. 377.

were

taking a circuitous route to the cathedral, there to complete the work by singing Te Deum. Alighting, with my travelling companion, a native of the city, we joined the procession, and witnessed the remainder of the ceremony.

When high-mass had been concluded, and the multitude reached the space before the edifice, a general viva rent the air; this was followed by some bands striking up national airs, and parading the streets in different directions: these were succeeded by private parties, who went about the town, serenading with vocal and instrumental music; the evening terminated in a general illumination.

It is scarcely necessary to add that the population of Zaragoza have exulted, with more than ordinary enthusiasm, in the restoration of liberty: I had, during my short stay, abundant occasions to observe this; for, whether I attended the religious ceremonies at the magnificent temples of El Pilar and La Seo, entered the theatre, or frequented the superb public walks, there was always some object or occurrence to remind me of the recent change. In the cathedral, a priest was appointed to explain the articles of the new political code; nearly all the pieces selected for representation on the stage, were either composed to celebrate, or had an immediate analogy to the new order of things; and almost every corner presented a placard, on which Vive la Constitucion! was inscribed.

EFFECTS OF BAD GOVERNMENT.

To form some notion of what bad government and defective laws have done for Spain, it is merely necessary for a traveller to survey the country between Zaragoza and Madrid, a distance of one hundred and eighty miles. Although the rude and strongly built vehicles of the country contrive to effect this toilsome journey, there is no regular road, until you arrive within about forty miles of the capital; in other respects, millions of acres uncultivated and unenclosed, of a soil naturally fertile; a most scanty population,

4 E

pulation, and every mark of abject poverty amongst the people, completely embittered my reflections, and destroyed the pleasure I could otherwise have experienced, in traversing the extensive plains and romantic hills of Arragon and Castile.

PUBLIC FEELING AT MADRID.

Although Madrid has always been regarded as one of the dullest capitals in Europe, the people appear to have enjoyed a continued festival during the last month. When the hours of recreation arrive, the Piado, Puerta del Sol, and the numerous streets which branch off from it in every direction, are immediately filled with people of all ranks, ages, and sexes; the usual round of serenades and other musical parties en liven the scene at night, while some popular play or patriotic chief attracts crowded audiences to the theatres. Many hundreds, and these of a respectable class, attend at the societies of the Cruz de Malta and Fontana de Oro, where some of the most eloquent men in Spain emulate each other in impressing the value of rational fiberty, and the importance of constitutional government, on the minds of their countrymen. Here, it is but a common act of justice to add, that of all those whom I have heard speak in the above assemblages of the people, whether priests or lawyers, soldiers or citizens, not one amongst them has ever advocated any doctrine that is not recognized and sanctioned by the new political code. As the most perfect tranquillity has reigned here since my arrival, I have not failed to mix, as much as possible, with the joyous multitude; and, though a mere spectator, it is impossible not to participate in pleasure which has had its origin in a source so pure and sacred. FERDINAND'S OATH TO THE CONSTI

became crowded to excess. Before the doors leading to the galleries appropriated to the public, were seen hundreds of welldressed individuals, and amongst them many officers of rank, who had taken their station there long before day-light. When I reached the spot they were all seated, and exchanging those repartees usual on such occasions. As the crowd increased, they found it necessary to rise; what with the effects of an ardent sun, and the close contact of so many people, several were obliged to withdraw, and give place to their neighbours, who were less susceptible of this suffocating position. It was thus that I contrived to form a part of the impenetrable mass, and I had the additional good fortune of being literally carried up the first flight of steps without making a single exertion of my own. It is needless to say, that the two galleries, though capable of containing fifteen hundred persons, were filled, to overflowing, in a few seconds. As the doors were opened at eight o'clock, I had an opportunity of surveying the interior arrangements of the hall, before any of the deputies arrived.

The Hall of Cortes is of an oval form, and decorated with a degree of elegant simplicity, which I was, by no means, prepared to see. As if every thing connected with the present state of Spain was destined to form a striking contrast with its former condition, this edifice was once a church, but fitted up for the Cortes, on their removal from Cadiz to the capital in 1814; it is within a few hundred yards of the Royal Palace, and though an irregular structure, seems peculiarly well adapted for the reception of a popular assembly.

The front is surmounted by a cross, at the base of which there is a group, com posed of three figures; Hope supported by the symbol of Christianity points to Spain, also represented under a female form, at whose feet is seen a torch, the emblem of paternal affection; underneath is a lion grappling a globe, on which both hemispheres are traced; and about the centre of the façade there is a large marble slab, with the following inscription, in gilt letters:-THE POWER OF ENACTING LAWS IS VESTED IN THE CORTES WITH THE KING. A niche on each side contains statues of Patriotism and Liberty.

The hall is one hundred and fifty feet long, by sixty in breadth. On entering the great door there is a platform extending twenty feet, and of a rectangular shape; here a barrier is formed by two

bronze

bronze lions couched on pedestals, and holding a massive gilded bar in their mouths, to be drawn aside only when the Sovereign appears; the deputies enter by four small doors placed on the sides. On a second platform at the upper extremity, more clevated than the first, a richly embroidered crimson velvet drapery, lined with ermine, and sustained by Canatides, overbangs a throne or chair of state; opposite to this, and directly over the entrance, is the following inscription: -THE NATION IS ESSENTIALLY SOVEREIGN; CONSEQUENTLY IT POSSESSES THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF MAKING THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS. A treble range of benches, covered with red damask, accommodate the members; there is a table and chairs for the president and secretaries below the throne. Two rostrums, in the centre and nearly level with the floor, serve for those who address the chair. Besides the statues of Wisdom and Genius, which occupy niches to the right and left of the throne, there are several square slabs containing bas-reliefs, on which some memorable events, connected with the late war, are sculptured. Others bear the names of Daoiz, Alvarez, and Valerde, celebrated martyrs to the cause of Spanish freedom; these are in letters of gold."

Four re

cesses, at equal distances, command a full view of the hall and galleries; three are appropriated to the reception of the royal family, foreign ambassadors, grandees, and other distinguished visitors; the last is exclusively opened for the reporters to the public press. Four niches on each side are occupied by statues, representing the cardinal virtues. Six chandeliers, of cut glass, are suspended from the ceiling; and the hall is well lighted, from semi-circular windows above the frieze by which it is surrounded. The galleries are spacious and convenient; beadles are in attendance to preserve decorum; and no money is exacted for admission.

Struck by the superior execution of the statues, and other sculptured ornaments, no less than by the taste displayed in the minor arrangements of the building, I was most agreeably surprised to find, on inquiry, that none but native artists had been employed. These seemed to have vied with each other in rendering the hall worthy of the object for

The Cortes have since decreed that the names of Lacy, Porlier, Acevedo, and a few other patriots, shall be added, on similar lapidary memorials.

which it is designed; and, from subsequent information, I am led to believe that they were actuated more by a desire to shew what Spain could do in this way, than any view to pecuniary profit. They are entitled to great praise, for the manner in which the task has been performed, and it is gratifying to bestow it, when the object is so closely connected with the interests of humanity.

The arrival of the president, attended by most of the deputies, about half-past eight, having called my attention away from the embellishments of the hall, I prepared myself for the enjoyment of a sight still more interesting. His Majesty, preceded by the Queen and the other members of the Royal Family, in state carriages, left the palace a little before nine o'clock, amidst the firing of cannon, enthusiastic cries of the people, and to the sound of patriotic airs. The whole of the body guard, composed of noblemen or their sons, rode before, and a regiment of cavalry brought up the rear. When the arrival of the first carriage was announced, the deputation appointed to receive her Majesty went out and conducted her to the balcony. She was splendidly attired, and came in supported by the two princesses, the wives of Don Carlos and of Don Francisco de Paolo. Advancing to the front, they bowed to the deputies and those in the galleries, who received them with reiterated plaudits. A conviction on the part of the spectators, that those lovely women exulted in the emancipation of their adopted country, ensured a most cordial reception; nor, judging from their personal charms and the way in which they appeared to enjoy the scene, would it require any great effort of imagination to conceive, that the Graces had now descended to preside at the consecration of human liberty!

When the fresh salvos of artillery, and still louder shouts, announced the arrival of the King, another, and more numerous deputation went forth, and in about five minutes, Ferdinand, attended by the Infantes, his Ministers, and a long train of Grandees attached to the household, entered the hall; upon the Deputies rose, and ranged themselves

which

on each side: a dead silence followed the announcement of his Majesty's approach to the great door; but no sooner had he passed the gilded bar, than an hysterical burst of joy resounded through the hall, and applauses, mingled with benedictions on the head of the " Constitutional King," continued for a consider.

able

able time after he had reached the throne. He must, indeed, have been an insensible being, who could have witnessed such a scene unmoved: although incapable of describing them, I shall never forget my own feelings on this occasion, and if I had reason to think highly of the Spanish character before, such a display of virtuous enthusiasm was not like ly to diminish my admiration.

Ferdinand was dressed in a blue coat, embroidered with gold, crimson velvet waistcoat and small clothes, white silk stockings, gold buckles in his shoes, and a cocked hat, which he carried in his hand: he wore a small sword, and was decorated with several orders. Previous to sitting down, his Majesty testified his satisfaction by frequent bows to the Deputies and spectators in the galleries. When he was seated, the auditory became silent in an instant, after which the ceremony proceeded.

When the King's brothers, Don Carlos and Francisco, the ministers, and other attendants took their places on each side the throne, the President and Secretaries advanced towards his Majesty: on approaching sufficiently near to administer the oath, they held a copy of the Constitution before him: placing one hand on the Holy Evangelists, presented by the President, and holding up the other, Ferdinand read the prescribed formula; upon which, a second manifestation of public feeling took place: when silence was restored, the President, who had resumed his place among the Deputies, addressed the throne, in a speech in which equal justice was done to the Monarch and his people. The answer, which followed, was read by Ferdinand himself, from a written paper, and delivered in a very clear and impressive

tone.

As to the unrestrained joy of the Deputies, spectators, and multitude, convinced me that this was a day of general oblivion and amnesty, I also endeavoured to forget the melancholy transactions of the last six years. From the moment of the King's entrance, until he retired, the Queen kept her eyes rivetted on his person: she appeared, in fact, to feel that fortune could not confer a greater bless ing, than in thus enabling her to be present, when her husband had so effectually recovered the lost affections of his people.

After the President's reply, in which he thanked his Majesty for the speech just delivered, had terminated, Ferdinand, accompanied by the Queen, en

tered the same carriage, and were followed by the other members of the Family. It was with extreme difficulty the procession moved on, so great was the pressure of a crowd that filled the streets through which it had to pass, and the avenues leading to them.

In addition to the immense concourse that impeded their passage, the balconies and windows were filled by all the beauty of Madrid; innumerable banners waved from every side; garlands and flowers were thrown on the carriages as they passed, and nothing was heard but expressions of the most enthusiastic loyalty.

Several bands of music went before the procession, playing patriotic marches: the first carriage reached the palace at half-past one; soon after which, the populace retired, and festivity was suspended till the evening, when a general illumination took place; the theatres were also thrown open to the public, and the streets continued to be crowded till midnight.

NAPOLEON'S INVASION.

It was a saying of the Emperor, in speaking of the Spanish people, that their descendants would one day raise altars to his name. Whatever objections may have been made to the particular mode in which Napoleon affected the regene ration of this country, it will doubtless be enough for posterity to know, that the honour belonged to him alone: the principle was unquestionably paramount to every other consideration, and if there ever existed a case in politics or morals wherein the end justified the means, that of

rescuing a whole people from the lowest and most abject state of misery and degradation, is certainly not amongst the least exceptionable. A great change has even already taken place in the pubhe opinion of Spain, with regard to Napoleon's enterprize, nor have I met with a single individual since my arrival, who thinks it ought to be estimated by the ordinary standard of political reasoning.

It is neither my intention to justify those errors of policy which Napoleon himself has had the rare magnanimity to acknowledge, or to anticipate the judgment of future generations. I am merely desirous of placing the question in a somewhat clearer point of view than it has been hitherto regarded. Such was the peculiar nature of the contest between England and France, that excesses were by no means confined to one side. If we thought the existence of Napoleon incompatible with our

OWN