lands as have been built up into villages, towns and cities, it can safely be said that the average value of farming lands along the Illinois Central railroad in Illinois today exceeds fifty dollars per acre." The same authority adds: "In 1898 the total assessed value of all the property in the State was $778,474,919, or about six and one-half times what it had been in 1850." An examination of the reports of the Superintendent of Public Instruction will show that in all departments of instruction the schools, colleges and universities of Illinois have kept pace with the development and prosperity of the State; that the schools and railroads, like Juno's swans, are linked together, one and inseparable. So far the influence of the railroads in the aggregate has been examined-let us see what the individuals, the managers, the cwners of railroads have done. Who have been foremost in building churches, schools and colleges, in endowing universities, and in contributing to the advancement of liberal, higher education? Where can it be so truthfully said, "Charity never faileth" as among railroad men? Who ever knew a real case of charity turned from office, home or tent of a railroad man? Charity: "Tis mightiest in the mightiest." America's great triumvirate in action, in the successful completion and management of the three great trunk railways of our country, abounded in good works, in large beneficence, and, "their deeds do follow them." In addition to many smaller, but no less valuable charities, Col. Thomas A. Scott, just before his death, gave the following amounts to the following institutions : To Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia .$ 50,000 30,000 To Children's Department of Episcopal Hospital, of Philadelphia. 20,000 50,000 50,000 Total .$200,000 Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, the Commodore, gave to the university bearing his name one million dollars. Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt, eldest son of the Commodore, alone has contributed to schools of science-schools of medicine, one million, one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. His son, Cornelius, also gave to the Vanderbilt University $30,000. Thus, father, son and grandson have given this university and other institutions of learning, $2,155,000. (Since the death of the grandfather and father, Cornelius has given nearly a million more to other institutions of learning, Yale receiving a large share of these gifts). Col. John W. Garrett gave to charities in the city of Baltimore even greater gifts than either of his compeers. His gifts are in the shape of annuities and are in perpetuity. These annuities represent a basis of over one million of dollars, ($1,100,000) at five and six per cent. In the aggregate, Col. Scott, Commodore Vanderbilt, son and grandson, and Col. Garrett gave of their individual means to charity, to education, schools and colleges, over four million dollars. These gifts were the more important, because, being the first, they stimulated and induced others to do likewise. Hence we find (Ex-Governor) Senator Joseph E. Brown, the president of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, purchasing in the market, bonds of the State of Georgia belonging to the University, in order to establish a perpetual fund to aid in educating indigent young men by a loan on certain conditions. This is not a donation; the beneficiaries agree to pay back the amount received with four per cent interest. The original fund was $50,000, bearing seven per cent interest. While Governor Brown was doing this for the University, Mr. George I. Seney was giving outright to Emory College and the Wesleyan Female College, $450,000. I must add here, for the sentiment, for the lofty and manly and elevating spirit of the doner, the following. Said Mr. Seney: "If any one asks you why I gave so much money to the Wesleyan Female College of Georgia, tell him it was to honor my mother, to whom, under God, I owe more than to all the world besides." The largest gift by any one man-by any one railroad owner and president was that of (Ex-Governor) Senator Leland Stanford to the Leland Stanford Junior University-the original donation or rather foundation of the school-was thirty millions of property. It is understood this was to commemorate and to perpetuate the memory of his beloved boy, young Leland, who died in a foreign land while on a tour with mother and father. One quotation will be pardoned, in setting forth the governor's intentions in founding this University: Its nature: that of a university, with such seminaries of learning as shall make it of the highest grade, including me chanical institutes, museums, galleries of art, laboratories and conservatories, together with all things necessary for the study of agriculture in all its branches, and for mechanical training, and the studies and exercises directed to the cultivation and enlargement of the mind. Its object: to qualify its students for personal success and direct usefulness in life. And its purpose: to promote the public welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of humanity and civilization, teaching the blessings of liberty regulated by law, and inculcating love and reverence for the great principles of government as derived from the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." One of the expressed powers of the trustees is: "To prohibit sectarian instruction, but to have taught in the university, the immortality of the soul, the existence of an all-wise and benevolent Creator, and that obedience to His laws is the highest duty of man." Mr. Collis P. Huntington has for years been quietly giving to various schools and other charities-the world knows little of his good deeds. Mr. J. J. Hill has lately contributed to the St. Paul Seminary, $500,000. Mr. Hill founded this seminary upon the doctrine that, "Patriotism is a religious virtue, and good citizenship is the practical application through life of Christian. ethics," and it is conducted as an exponent of that doctrine. It was not till late in life that Mr. Jay Gould turned his attention to educational interests. Time and again did he aid the then University of the City of New York, now "New York University." It is not generally known that his death prevented a great benefaction to the city of New York, which he had carefully mapped out for execution. This was to have been an institution on a scale more extensive than any similar one in the world. It was to provide free advantages in every department of industrial, scientific, and practical education. It would have attracted a larger and different class of students-a class not provided for in our ordinary technical schools. The system would have been unique, reflecting really Mr. Gould's own peculiar and original views on the subject of the education demanded by the age and the people. He thought to live to execute his design, and therefore did not provide for its fulfillment in the emergency of his death. His daughter, Miss Helen, is doing what she can to carry out the good intentions of her father, and has been largely instrumental in the erection of new buildings for the New York University on University Heights. Already is the generosity of this young woman bearing fruit. She has endowed scholarships which yield annually $250 each. These scholarships are for the sons and daughters of the employes of her father's railroads. Little is known of the real charities of Mr. Gould, a man very much misunderstood-greatly misrepresented. He never forgot a kindness, never failed to respond to a worthy appeal or to aid in distress. The people of this city are on record as bearing testimony to his aid and liberality, when that, of all scourges the greatest, the yellow fever, visited them two years in succession. The following is their testimony: "Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 2nd, 1892. "The intelligence of the death of Mr. Jay Gould was bulletined here this morning, and there were general expressions of regret from leading merchants and citizens. "There is a warm spot in the hearts of the residents of Memphis for Mr. Gould. They have not forgotten that in 1879, when Memphis, after being scourged with yellow fever in 1878, was again visited by an epidemic of the same dread disease, Mr. Gould, hearing of the exhausted condition of the treasury of the Howard Association of Memphis, sent by telegram $5,000 and authorized the association to draw on him for as much more as was needed to aid the association in its work of nursing the sick and burying the dead. "Mr. Gould came to Memphis on October 21st, seven years after the last epidemic, and a public reception was tendered to him on the floor of the Memphis Merchants' Exchange. On the large blackboard of the Exchange was written in chalk his memorable telegram, and as he entered the room, his eyes caught the few brief words his generous nature had prompted him to send, and which have ever since been held in grateful remembrance." It is said the "as much more as was needed," meant the same amount weekly during the epidemic. It is true, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. Gould amassed a fortune, that, with a touch of Midas, everything every railroad property that came into his possession was enhanced in value. The rapid increase in assessed values of Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Nebraska and Texas, is due largely to the railroads passing through these States. Very many of these roads are the property of Mr. Gould's family. At his death, Mr. Gould's interests gave employment to over one hundred thousand employes, thus providing for over a half million human souls, the families and dependents upon the employes. And while the Father of Waters has done much for your city, the eleven trunk lines of railroad terminating or passing through your city have contributed much to the assessed value, $50,000,000, and to the volume of business, last year $200,000,000. It is estimated that about one-seventh of our population is directly or indirectly in the employ of our railroads. What a peace army, contributing their labor of brain and muscle to build up this great republic of ours upon the basis of its founder. Religious liberty, political freedom and universal education! I am an expansionist. I want to see the printing press, the public school, which is but the English language, and the railroad, in the possession of every son of Adam. Byron wrote a little more than half a century ago: "But every mountain now hath found a tongue, And Jura answers through her misty shroud, Back to the joyous Alps who called to her aloud." Today, were he living, he would realize his prophecy fulfilled; he would hear, and in his own mother tongue, not only amid Alpine heights, but upon every plain in Europe, and Asia, and Africa, and even upon the isles of the sea: "All Right-Go Ahead." Mr. President, I leave off as I began. The three chief allies or factors of America's—of the world's-civilization are the printing press, furnishing the matter; the public school, preparing the masses to read and understand it; and the railroad, distributing the same through every hamlet and village, every town and city upon earth. CHARACTER: A STUDY IN CORRELATION: THE PARENT-THE TEACHER-THE CHILD. BY JENNY M. HIGBEE, PRINCIPAL HIGBEE SCHOOL, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. The character is the individuality-that which is the spiritual entity of each soul. It exists, in embryo, in every child born into the world with a sound mind. Tendencies, powers and potentialities grow with |