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without a trial, without a judge. Minos, as inquisitor, shakes the urn: he convokes the council of the silent, and examines their lives and crimes.

my sight. Whom do you fly? This is the last time fate allows me to address you. With these words Eneas thought to soothe her soul inflamed, and eying him with stern regard, and provoked his tears to flow. She, turned away, kept her eyes fixed on the ground; nor alters her looks more, in consequence of the conversation he had begun, than if she were fixed immovable like a stubborn flint or rock of Parian marble. A:

The next places in order those mourn ful ones possess who, though free from crime, procured death to themselves with their own hands, and, sick of the light, threw away their lives. How godly would they now endure poverty and painful toils in the upper regions! Fate opposes, and the hateful lake im-length she abruptly retired, and in deprisons them with its dreary waves, and Styx, nine times rolling between, confines them.

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testation fled into a shady grove, where Sichæus, her first lord, answers her with amorous cares, and returns her love for love. Eneas, nevertheless, in commotion for her disastrous fate, with weeping eyes, pursues her far, and pities her as she goes.

Not far from this part, extended on every side, are shown the fields of mourning so they call them by name. Here by-paths remote conceal, and myrtle-groves cover those around, whom unrelenting love, with his cruel venom, consumed away. Their cares leave them not in death itself. In these places he sees Phædra and Procris, and disconsolate Eriphyle pointing to the wounds she had received from her cruel son; Evadne also, and Pasiphae: these Laodamia accompanies, and Cæneus, once a youth, then a woman, and again by fate transformed into his pristine shape. Among whom Phoenician Dido, fresh from her wound, was wandering in a spacious wood; whom as soon as the Trojan hero approached, and dis-ling his chariot, still his armour. covered faintly through the shades, (in like manner as one sees, or thinks he secs, the moon rising through the clouds in the beginning of her monthly course,) he dropped tears, and addressed her in love's sweet accents: Hapless Dido, was it then a true report I had of your being dead, and that you had finished your own destiny by the sword? Was I, alas! the cause of your death? I swear by the stars, by the powers above, and by whatever faith may be under the deep earth, that against my will, O queen, I departed from your coast. But the mandates of the gods, which now compel me to travel through these shades, through noisome dreary regions and deep night, drove me from you by their authority; nor could I believe that I should bring upon you such deep anguish by my departure. Stay your steps, and withdraw not yourself from

Hence he holds on his destined way; and now they had reached the last fields. which by themselves apart renowned warriors frequent. Here Tydeus appears to him, here Parthenopous illustrious in arms, and the ghost of pale Adrastus. Here appear those Trojans who had died in the field of battle much lamented in the upper world : whom when he beheld all together in a numerous body, he inwardly groaned; Glaucus, Medon, Thersilochus, the three sons of Antenor, and Polyboetes devoted to Ceres, and Idæus still hand

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ghosts in crowds around him stand on the right and left: nor are they satisfied with seeing him once; they wish to detain him long, to come into close conference with him, and learn the reasons of his visit. But as soon as the Grecian chiefs and Agamemnon's battalions saw the hero, and his arms gleaming through the shades, they quaked with dire dismay some turned their backs, as when they fled once to their ships; some raise their slender voices; the scream begun dies in their gasping throats.

And here he espies Deiphobus, the son of Priam, mangled in every limb, his face and both his hands cruelly torn, his temples bereft of the ears cropped off, and his nostrils slit with a hideously deformed wound. Thus he hardly knew him, quaking for agitation, and seeking to hide the marks of his dreadful punishment: and he first accosts him with well

known accents: Deiphobus, great in arms, sprung from Teucer's noble blood, who could choose to inflict such cruelties? Or who was allowed to exercise such power over you? To me, in that last night, a report was brought that you, tired with the vast slaughter of the Greeks, had fallen at last on a heap of mingled carcasses. Then, with my own hands, I raised to you an empty tomb on the Rhotean shore, and thrice with loud voice I invoked your manes. Your name and arms possess the place. Your body, my friend, I could not find, or, at my departure, deposit in your native land. And upon this the son of Priam said: Nothing, my friend, has been omitted by you; you have discharged every duty to Deiphobus, and to the shadow of a corpse. But my own fate, and the cursed wickedness of Helen, plunged me in these woes: she hath jeft me these monuments of her love. For how we passed that last night amid ill-grounded joys you know, and must remember but too well, when the fatal horse came bounding over our lofty walls, and pregnant brought armed in fantry in its womb. She, pretending a dance, led her train of Phrygian matrons yelling around the orgies: her self in the midst held a large flaming torch, and called to the Greeks from the lofty tower. I, being at that time oppressed with care, and overpowered with sleep, was lodged in my unfortunate bedchamber: rest, balmy, profound, and the perfect image of a calm, peaceful death, pressed me as I lay. Meanwhile my incomparable spouse removes all arms from my palace, and had withdrawn my trusty sword from my head: she calls Menelaus into the palace, and throws open the gates; hoping, no doubt, that would be a mighty favour to her amorous husband, and that thus the infamy of her former wicked deeds might be extinguished. In short, they burst into my chamber: that traitor of the race of Æolus, the promoter of villany, is joined in company with them. Ye gods, requite these cruelties to the Greeks, if I supplicate vengeance with pious lips! But come now, in your turn, say what adventure hath brought you hither alive. Do you come driven

by the casualties of the main, or by the direction of the gods? or what fortune compels you to visit these dreary mansions, troubled regions where the sur never shines?

In this conversation the sun in his rosy chariot had now passed the meri. dian in his ethereal course; and they perhaps would in this manner have passed the whole time assigned them; but the Sibyl, his companion, put him in mind, and thus briefly spoke : Æneas, the night comes on apace, while we waste the hours in lamentations. This is the place where the path divides it self in two: the right is what leads beneath great Pluto's walls; by this our way to Elysium lies: but the left carries on the punishments of the wicked, and conveys to cursed Tartarus. On the other hand, Deiphobus said: Be not incensed, great priestess; I shall be gone; I will fill up the number of the ghosts and be rendered back to darkness. Go, go, thou glory of our nation; mayest thou find fates more kind! This only he spoke, and at the word turned his steps.

Æneas on a sudden looks back, and under a rock on the left sees vast pri sons enclosed with a triple wall, which Tartarean Phlegethon's rapid flood environs with torrents of flame, and whirls roaring rocks along. Fronting is a huge gate, with columns of solid adamant, that no strength of men, nor the gods themselves, can with steel demolish. An iron tower rises aloft; and there wakeful Tisiphone, with her bloody robe tucked up around her, sits to watch the vestibule both night and day. Hence groans are heard; the cruel lashes resound; the grating too of iron, and clank of dragging chains. Æneas stopped short, and, starting, lis tened to the din. What scenes of guilt are these? O virgin, say; cr with what pains are they chastised? what hideous yelling ascends to the skies! Then thus the prophetess began: Renowned leader of the Trojans, no holy person is allowed to tread the accursed threshold; but Hecate, when she set me over the groves of Avernus, herself taught me the punishments appointed by the gods, and led me through ever

part. Cretan Rhadamanthus possesses these most ruthless realms; examines and punishes frauds; and forces every one to confess what crimes committed in the upper world he had left unatoned till the late hour of death, hugging himself in secret crime of no avail. Forthwith avenging Tisiphone, armed with her whip, scourges the guilty with cruel insult, and in her left hand shaking over them her grim snakes, calls the fierce troops of her sister Furies.

quet, and dwells in the deep recesses of his breast; nor is any respite given to his fibres still springing up afresh. Why should I mention that Lapithæ, Ixion, and Pirithous, over whom hangs a black flinty rock, every moment threatening to tumble down, and seeming to be actually falling? Golden pillars supporting lofty genial couches shine, and full in their view are banquets furnished out with regal magnifi cence; the chief of the Furies sits by them, and debars them from touching Then at length the accursed gates, the provisions with their hands; and grating on their dreadful-sounding hinges, starts up, lifting her torch on high, and are thrown open. See you what kind thunders over them with her voice. of watch sits in the entry? what figure Here are those who, while life reguards the gate? An overgrown Hy-mained, had been at enmity with their dra, more fell than any Fury, with brothers, had beaten a parent, or fifty black gaping mouths, has her seat wrought deceit against a client; or within. Then Tartarus itself sinks who alone brooded over their acquired deep down, and extends toward the wealth, nor assigned a portion to their shades twice as far as is the pros own, which class is the most numepect upward to the ethereal throne of rous: those too who were slain for Heaven. Here Earth's ancient pro- adultery, who joined in impious wars, geny, the Titanian youth, hurled down and did not scruple to violate the faith with thunderbolts, welter in the pro- they had plighted to their masters: found abyss. Here too I saw the two shut up, they await their punishment. sons of Aloeus, gigantic bodies, who But what kind of punishment seek not attempted with their might to overturn to be informed, in what shape of misery, the spacious heavens, and thrust down or in what state they are involved. Jove from his exalted kingdom. Sal- Some roll a huge stone, and hang fast moneus likewise I beheld suffering se- bound to the spokes of wheels. There vere punishment, for having imitated sits, and to eternity shall sit, the unJove's flaming bolts, and the sounds of happy Theseus: and Phlegyas most heaven. He, drawn in his chariot by wretched is a monitor to all, and with four horses, and brandishing a torch, loud voice proclaims through the shades: rode triumphant among the nations of "Warned by example, learn righteousGreece, and in the midst of the city ness, and not to contemn the gods." Elis, and claimed to himself the honour One sold his country for gold, and imof the gods infatuate! who, with posed on it a domineering tyrant; made brazen car, and the prancing of his and unmade laws for money. Another horn-hoofed steeds, would needs coun- invaded his daughter's bed, and terfeit the storms and inimitable thun- unlawful wedlock: all of them dared der. But the almighty Sire amid the some heinous crime, and accomplished thick clouds threw a bolt (not fire what they dared. Had I a hundred brands he, nor smoky light from tongues, and a hundred mouths, a voice torches), and hurled him down head- of iron, I could not comprehend all long in a vast whirlwind. Here too the species of their crimes, nor enuyou might have seen Tityus, the foster-merate the names of all their punishchild of all-bearing Earth: whose body ments.

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is extended over nine whole acres ; and When the aged priestess of Phoebus a huge vulture, with her hooked beak, had uttered these words, she adds, But pecking at his immortal liver, and his come now, set forward, and finish the wels, the fruitful source of punish-task you have undertaken; let us haste ment, both searches them for her ban-on: I see the walls of Pluto, wrought

remember them all these have their temples crowned with a snow-white fillet. Whom, gathered around, the Sibyl thus addressed, Museus chiefly; for a numerous crowd had him in their centre, and looked up with reverence to him, raised above them by the height of his shoulders: Say, blessed souls, and thou, best of poets, what region, what

in the forges of the Cyclops, and the gates with their arch full in our view, where our instructions enjoin us to deposit this our offering. She said; and, with equal pace advancing through the gloomy path, they speedily traverse the intermediate space, and approach the Lates. Aneas springs forward to the entry, sprinkles his body with fresh water, and fixes the bough in the front-place contains Anchises? on his account ing portal.

Having finished these rites, and performed the offering to the goddess, they came at length to the regions of joy, delightful green retreats, and blessed abodes in groves, where happiness abounds. A freer and purer sky here clothes the fields with sheeny light: they know their own sun, their own stars. Some exercise their limbs on the grassy green, in sports contend, and wrestle on the tawny sand: some strike the ground with their feet in the dance, and sing hymns. Orpheus, too, the Thracian priest, in his long robe, replies in melodious numbers to the seven distinguished notes; and now strikes the same with his fingers, now with his ivory quill. Here may be seen Teacer's ancient race, a most illustrious line, magnanimous heroes, born in happier times, Ilus, Assaracus, and Dardanus, the founder of Troy. From afar, Æneas views with wonder the arms and empty chariots of the chiefs. Their spears stand fixed in the ground, and up and down their horses feed at large through the plain. The same fondness they had when alive for chariots and arms, the same concern for training up shining steeds, follows them when deposited beneath the earth.

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we have come, and crossed the great rivers of hell. And thus the hero briefly returned her an answer: None of us have a fixed abode; in shady groves we dwell, or lie on couches all along the banks, and on meadows fresh with rivu. lets: but do you, if so your heart's inclination leads, overpass this eminence, and I will set you in the easy path. He said, and advances his steps on before, and shows them from a rising ground the shining plains; then they descend from the summit of the mountain. But Father Anchises, deep in a verdant dale, was surveying with studious care the souls there enclosed, who were to revisit the light above; and happened to be reviewing the whole number of his race, his dear descendants, their fates and fortunes, their manners and achieve. ments. As soon as he beheld Æneas advancing toward him across the meads, he joyfully stretched out both his hands, and tears poured down his cheeks, and these words dropped from his mouth: Are you come at length, and has that piety, experienced by your sire, surmounted the arduous journey? Am I permitted, my son, to see your face, to hear and return the well-known accents! So indeed I concluded in my mind, and reckoned it would happen, computing Lo! he beholds others on the right the time; nor have my anxious hopes and left feasting upon the grass, and deceived me. Over what lands, O son, singing the joyful pean to Apollo in and over what immense seas have you, concert, amid a fragrant grove of laurel; I hear, been tossed! with what dangers whence from on high the river Erida- harassed! how I dreaded lest you had nus rolls in copious streams through the sustained harm from Libya's realms! wood. Here is a band of those who But he said: Your ghost, your sorrow. sustained wounds in fighting for their ing ghost, my sire, oftentimes appearing, country; priests who preserved them- compelled me to set forward to these selves pure and holy, while life re- thresholds. My fleet rides in the Tyrmained; pious poets, who sang in strains hene Sea. Permit me, father, to joi worthy of Apollo; those who improved my right hand with yours; and withlife by the invention of arts, and who draw not yourself from my embrace. by their worthy deeds made others! So saying, he at the same time bedewed

his cheeks with a flood of tears. There thrice he attempted to throw his arms around his neck; thrice the phantom, grasped in vain, escaped his hold, like the fleet gales, or resembling most a fugitive dream.

Meanwhile Æneas sees in the retired vale a grove situate by itself, shrubs rustling in the woods, and the river Lethe, which glides by those peaceful dwellings. Around this, unnumbered tribes and nations of ghosts were fluttering; as in meadows on a serene summer's day, when the bees sit on the various blossoms, and swarm around the snow-white lilies, all the plain buzzes with their humming noise. Æneas, confounded, shudders at the unexpected sight, and asks the causes,-what are those rivers in the distance, or what ghosts have in such crowds filled the banks? Then Father Anchises said: Those souls, for whom other bodies are destined by fate, at the stream of Lethe's flood quaff care-expelling draughts and lasting oblivion. Long indeed have I wished to give you a detail of these, and to point them out before you, and enumerate this my future race, that you may rejoice the more with me in the discovery of Italy. O father, is it to be imagined that any souls of an exalted nature will go hence to the world above, and enter again into inactive bodies? What direful love of the light possesses the miserable beings? I, indeed, replies Anchises, will inform you, my son, nor hold you longer in suspense and thus he unfolds each particular in order.

In the first place, the spirit within nourishes the heavens, the earth, and watery plains, the moon's enlightened orb, and the Titanian stars; and the mind, diffused through all the members, actuates the whole frame, and mingles with the vast body of the universe. Thence the race of men and beasts, the vital principles of the flying kind, and the monsters which the ocean breeds under its smooth plain. These principles have the active force of fire, and are of a heavenly original, so far as they are not clogged by noxious bodies, blunted by earth-born limbs and dying members. Hence they far and desire,

grieve and rejoice; and, shut up in darkness and a gloomy prison, lose sight of their native skies. Even when with the last beams of light their life is gone, yet not every ill, nor all corporeal stains, are quite removed from the unhappy beings; and it is absolutely necessary that many imperfections which have long been joined to the soul should be in marvellous ways increased and riveted therein. Therefore are they afflicted with punishments, and pay the penalties of their former ills. Some, hung on high, are spread out to the empty winds; in others, the guilt not done away is washed out in a vast watery abyss, or burned away in fire. We each endure his own manes, thence are we conveyed along the spacious Elysium, and we, the happy few, possess the fields of bliss; till length of time, after the fixed period is elapsed, hath done away the inherent stain, and hath left the pure celestial reason, and the fiery energy of the simple spirit. All these, after they have rolled away a thousand years, are summoned forth by the god in a great body to the river Lethe; to the intent that, losing memory of the past, they may revisit the vaulted realms above, and again become willing to return into bodies. Anchises thus spoke, and leads his son, together with the Sibyl, into the midst of the assembly and noisy throng; thence chooses a rising ground, whence he may survey them all as they stand opposite to him in a long row, and discern their looks as they approach.

Now come, I will explain to you what glory shall henceforth attend the Trojan race, what descendants await them of the Italian nation, distinguished souls, and who shall succeed to our name; yourself too I will instruct in your particular fate. See you that youth who leans on his pointless spear? He by destiny holds a station nearest to the light; he shall ascend to the upper world the first of your race who shall have a mixture of Italian blood in his veins, Silvius, an Alban name, your last issue; whom late your consort Lavinia shall in the woods bring forth to you in your advanced age, himself a king, and the father of kings; in whom our line shall reign over Alba Longa. The next

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