Cratini 'Αρχίλοχοι.

Achaus Eretriensis, the tragedian.

Euripides gains the first tragic
prize.

Thermopyla,Salamis.-Leonidas,
Aristides, Themistocles.-Phere-
cydes, the historian.-Gelon of
Syracuse.

Hiero succeeds Gelon, B.C. 478.

Simonides gains the prize' Avopov
Χορφ.

Birth of Thucydides, B.c. 471.

Socrates born.-Mycenae destroy-
ed by the Argives.-Death of
Simonides, B.C. 467.
Anaxagoras. Birth of Lysias.

Herodotus at Olympia.

End of the Messenian and Egyptian wars. Empedocles and Zeno.-Pericles.

Bacchylides, the lyric poet.-Ar-
chelaus, the philosopher.

Death of Cimon, B.C. 449.
Battle of Coronea.

Herodotus and Lysias go with the
colonists to Thurium, B.C. 443.

Comedy prohibited by a public The Samian war, in which Sopho-
decree.
cles is colleague with Pericles.

The prohibition of comedy re- Isocrates born, B.C. 436.
pealed.

Phrynichus, the comic poet, first Sea-fight between the Corinthians
and Corcyræans.

exhibits.

B.C.

Olympiad.

The Drama.

Contemporary Persons and Events.

434

LXXXVI. 3. Lysippus, the comic poet, is vic- Andocides, Meton, Aspasia.

torious.

tæa.

431 LXXXVII. 2. Euripidis Mýdla, pλOKTÝTηs, Attempt of the Thebans on PlaΔίκτυς, Θερισταί. Aristomenes, the comic poet.

Hippocrates.

Cratinus first with the IIvrivn:
Ameipsias second with the
Kóvvos: Aristophanes third
with the Νεφέλαι.

Aristophanis Zoñкes et ai dεú-
τεραι Νεφέλαι. (Sed vide
supra.)

Cratinus dies.

Eupolidis Μαρικᾶς et Κόλακες.

Anaxagoras dies.

Surrender of Platea.-Gorgias of Leontium.

Tanagra.

Cleon at Sphacteria.

Xenophon at Delium.-Amphipolis taken from Thucydides by Brasidas.

The year's truce with Lacedæmon.-Alcibiades begins to act in public affairs.

Brasidas and Cleon killed at
Amphipolis.

Truce for fifty years with Lacedæmon.

Eupolidis Αὐτόλυκος et 'Αστρά- Treaty with the Argives.

CHAPTER VII.

ON THE REPRESENTATION OF GREEK PLAYS.

Dass man auf das ganze Verhältniss der Orchestra zur Bühne keine com heutigen Theater entnommenen Vorstellungen übertragen, und die alte Tragödie nicht MODERNISIREN dürfe, ist ja wohl eine der ersten Regeln, die man bei der Beurtheilung dieser Dinge zu beobachten hat.-MÜLLER.

If the Greek plays themselves differed essentially from those of our own times, they were even more dissimilar in respect to the mode and circumstances of their representation. We have theatrical exhibitions of some kind every evening throughout the greater part of the year, and in capital cities many are going on at the same time in different theatres. In Greece the dramatic performances were carried on for a few days in the Spring; the theatre was large enough to contain the whole population, and every citizen was there, as a matter of course, from daybreak to sunset'. With us a successful play is repeated night after night, for months together: in Greece the most admired dramas were seldom repeated, and never in the same year. The theatre with us is merely a place of public entertainment; in Greece it was the temple of the god, whose altar was the central point of the semicircle of seats or steps, from which some 30,000' of his worshippers gazed upon a spectacle instituted in his honour. Our theatrical costumes are intended to convey an idea of the dresses

1 Æsch. κατὰ Κτησ.—p. 488, Bekker. καὶ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἡγεῖτο τοῖς πρέσβεσιν εἰς τὸ θέατρον.

The torch-races in the last plays of a trilogia (above p. 78) seem to show that the exhibitions were not over till dark.

2 Plato, Sympos. p. 175, E.