plainly marked as such. The milk standard is 12 per cent of milk solids and 3 per cent of butter fat. Each retailer of milk in cities must have every can and every vehicle marked with his name and the locality where the milk is produced. Different penalties are imposed for various classes of violations. (Rev. Stat., 1898, ch. 38, secs. 207a-207f, passed in 1879 and 1881; Laws of 1897, p. 268.

Butter and cheese.-It is unlawful to color or powder any substance designed as a substitute for butter in such a way that it shall resemble pure butter, or to combine animal fat or similar substances with butter so as to make the product resemble genuine yellow butter. The sale of such a prohibited imitation is also unlawful. Manufacturers of substitutes for butter shall distinctly mark each package" oleomargarine" or some similar prescribed phrase, in letter not less than three-fourths of an inch long. Retail sellers of imitation butter must inform each purchaser as to its character. No person shall ship or forward or have in possession, except for family use, imitation butter not properly marked. Penalty, $50 to $200, or imprisonment not over 60 days, or both. (Law of 1897, p. 3.) Another law prohibits the manufacture or sale as butter or cheese of any product not made exclusively from unadulterated milk or cream. Penalty, $25 to $200. (Laws of 1881, p. 74.)

No person shall mix oleomargarine or any other foreign substance with butter or cheese without distinctly marking on the package the true names and percentages of the constituents, and no person shall sell such a compound without informing the buyer as to its composition. Penalty for first offense, $25 to $200; for second offense, $100 to $200, or imprisonment 1 to 6 months, or both. State attorneys are charged with the enforcement of the law. (Laws of 1881, p. 75.)

INDIANA.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food and drugs.-The adulteration of any article of food or of any drug, or the sale of such an adulterated article, is prohibited. A drug is deemed adulterated if it differs in strength or purity from the standard fixed by the United States Pharmacopoeia or by such other pharmacopoeia or standard work as recognizes the article, or if its strength or purity falls below the professed standard under which it is sold. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if an inferior substance has been substituted in it; if a valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is: or if it contains an added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. Mixtures or compounds recognized as ordinary articles of food or drink may be sold if not injurious to health, if containing all necessary and no unnecessary ingredients, and if distinctly labeled as such.

Enforcement.-The State board of health and the State health officers are directed to enforce this law. The State board shall adopt rules for carrying it out, and State, county, and local health officers shall act as inspectors. Every manufacturer or dealer is required to furnish to proper officers à sample of any article on receipt of its value.

Penalty for violation of the act, fine not over $100. Adulterated articles shall be forfeited and destroyed under the direction of the court. (Laws of 1899, chap. 121.)

Adulterated liquors.-This act provides further that the adulteration of liquor intended for drink, or the sale of such adulterated liquor, shall be subject to a penalty of not less than $100 nor more than $500, the adulterated article to be forfeited.

Adulteration of vinegar.—It is unlawful to sell as cider vinegar an article not the legitimate product of pure apple juice or containing any foreign substances. All vinegar shall be free from lead, copper, sulphuric acid, or other injurious substances or artificial coloring matter. All vinegar shall have an acidity equal to not less than 4 per cent of absolute acetic acid, and cider vinegar shall contain in addition not less than 2 per cent of cider vinegar solids. No vinegar shall be branded as fruit vinegar unless it is made exclusively from some fruit. Every person making cider vinegar who is not a domestic manufacturer thereof shall brand on each cask or package his name and residence, the date of manufacture, and the words “cider vinegar." (Horner's Rev. Stats., 1897, secs. 6610, 6611.) Candy. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terra alba, barytes, or other mineral substance, or with colors or flavors or other ingredients injurious to health. (Laws of 1899, ch. 156.)

Unwholesome food.-The law prohibits the sale of diseased or unwholesome provisions, or of provisions purporting to be other than what they are, or of meat from any calf killed before the age of 4 weeks. Penalty, $10 to $500, to which may be added imprisonment 10 days to 6 months. It is unlawful to kill for the purpose of selling or to offer for sale meat taken from any diseased or injured animal. Penalty, $50 to $500, to which may be added imprisonment not more than 6 months. (Horner's Rev. Stats., secs. 2069, 2070.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. The law prohibits the sale of milk diluted with water or otherwise adulterated, or from which the cream has been taken, or from which the strippings have been withheld, or of milk which is the product of a sick animal, or of an animal fed upon distillery or brewery refuse or upon any injurious substance. Penalty, $50 to $500. (Horner's Rev. Stats., 1897, sec. 2071.)

Oleomargarine.-Whoever sells or keeps at any hotel or boarding house imitation butter not made from pure milk or cream without labeling it "oleomargarine," in large letters, shall be fined not less than $10 nor more than $50. It is unlawful to use any injurious material in the manufacture of cheese or butter Penalty, $50 to $500, (Horner's Rev. Stats., 1897, secs. 2190-2191.)

IOWA.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food.―The law prohibits the adulteration of any substance intended for food or drink. Penalty, imprisonment not over 1 year or fine not over $500. (Rev. Stats., sec. 4980.)

More detailed sections provide that no person shall mix, color, stain, or powder an article intended for food or drink with any ingredient, whether injurious to health or not, for the purpose of gain. It is also unlawful to sell such an adulterated article unless the purchaser is informed as to its true character, and unless each package is properly marked. Penalty for first offense, $10 to $50; second offense, $25 to $100, or imprisonment 30 days; subsequent offenses, $500 to $1,000 and imprisonment 1 to 5 years. (Rev. Stats., secs. 4984-4988.)

Adulterated drugs.-The law prohibits the adulteration of any drug or medicine in such a way as to lessen its efficiency, change its operation, or make it injurious, or the mixing, coloring, staining, or powdering of any drug or medicine so as to affect it injuriously. Knowingly to sell such adulterated drugs is also prohibited, and registered pharmacists are held responsible for the quality of all drugs sold except those in the original packages and patent medicines. The law does not apply to necessary mixing in compounding of drugs and medicines. Penalty, imprisonment not over 1 year or fine not over $500. (Rev. Stats., secs. 2592, 4983, 4985.)

Unwholesome food.-It is unlawful to sell diseased or unwholesome provisions without making their character known to the buyer. Penalty, imprisonment not over 30 days or fine not over $100. (Rev. Stats., sec. 4981.)

Glucose.-It is unlawful to mix glucose or grape sugar with sirup, sugar, or any other article without distinctly marking the product with the true percentage of such adulteration, or to sell such an adulterated article without informing the buyer as to its true character. Penalty, same as for adulterated food generally. (Rev. Stats., sec. 4987.)

Candy. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terra alba, barytes, or other substances, or with colors or flavors or other ingredients injurious to health. Penalty, $50 to $100. (Laws of 1896, ch. 112.)

Canned goods.-Every can of fruit or vegetables packed or sold in the State must bear the name and place of business of the packer or wholesale dealer, together with a term indicating accurately the quality of the contents.

Soaked" goods or goods put up from products dried before canning must be plainly marked "soaked" in letters not less than one-half inch high. Penalty for violation, $50 for retail dealers, $500 to $1,000 for wholesale dealers or packers. (Rev. Stats., secs. 4994-4997.)

Adulterated lard.-Lard rendered from swine which have died from disease must be so plainly marked on each package, or if sold without package the purchasers must be informed of its character. Penalty for violation, $5 to $10, or imprisonment not over 30 days. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell lard containing any ingredients except the pure fat of healthy swine, in a package bearing the words "pure," refined," or "family;" or unless each package is labeled

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in letters not less than one-half inch long with the words "compound lard," and the proportions of the ingredients. Penalty, $20 to $50 for first offense; $50 to $100 for subsequent offenses. (Rev. Stats., secs. 4993-4994.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

State dairy commissioner.-The governor shall appoint a dairy commissioner having practical knowledge of the business, for a term of 2 years. It shall be his duty to enforce the laws relating to dairy products, to furnish tests for milk, etc. Milk. It is unlawful to sell or deliver impure or adulterated milk, or milk from which the strippings have been withheld, or milk taken from animals having disease; but skimmed milk may be sold as such. It is also unlawful to keep cows used for dairy purposes in an unhealthy or crowded stable, or to feed them food which produces unwholesome milk, such as distilled glucose or brewery waste. The addition of water or any substance to milk is deemed adulteration. Milk containing less han 3 per cent of butter fat or 12 per cent of milk solids is deemed skimmed or adulterated. The standard for cream is 15 per cent of butter fat. Penalty, $25 to $100 and liability for double damages to the person against whom the fraud is committed.

Every person selling milk or cream from a wagon or store must obtain a written permit from the State dairy commissioner, and shall pay annually for each wagon or store a fee of $1. Milk dealers and persons operating creameries, cheese factories, or dairies shall keep their premises clean and in a hygienic condition, and shall return from time to time to the dairy commissioner such reports and statistics as may be required. The State dairy commissioner shall furnish to creameries and cheese factories proper test tubes, pipettes, and other instruments for testing the quality of milk. The commissioner may appoint agents in any city having over 10,000 inhabitants, who shall have power to collect samples.

Imitation butter and cheese.-Every article in imitation of pure butter not made exclusively from milk or cream is deemed imitation. Every article designed to be used in place of cheese and not produced exclusively from milk or cream is imitation cheese. No person shall manufacture, sell, take orders for, ship, or transport such imitation products not properly marked. Such articles, if not yellow, and not colored in imitation of butter or cheese, may be sold and transported if each package is marked distinctly with the words "substitute for butter" (or for cheese) in letters not less than 1 inch long. Keepers of hotels and boarding houses who use these imitations shall keep constantly posted before each table a notice to that effect. Each retail purchaser must be notified of the character of the article at the time, and must be furnished with a printed label, together with the name and place of business of the maker.

Any person having in his possession imitation butter or cheese, except for the use of his own family, is presumed to know its true character. The general provisions of law relating to search warrants and proceedings thereon may be applied in searching for imitation butter or cheese, and the officer serving the warrant shall deliver to the dairy commissioner for analysis a sample of the articles found.

Skimmed cheese.-Cheese manufactured from skimmed milk must be labeled as such on the top and side of cheese and package, with letters not less than 1 inch in height. Penalty, $25 to $100 and damages.

Penalties. For violation of the acts relating to dairy products a fine may be imposed not exceeding $500, or the offender may be imprisoned not over 6 months, or both penalties may be inflicted. (Rev. Stats., secs. 2515-2527, 4989-4991.)

KANSAS.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food and drugs.—The adulteration of any article of food or of any drug or the sale of such adulterated articles is prohibited. A drug is deemed adulterated if it differs in strength or purity from the standard fixed by the United States Pharmacopoeia, or by such other pharmacopoeia or standard work as recognizes the article, or if its strength or purity falls below the professed standard under which it is sold. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted in it; if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is, or

if it contains any added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. Mixtures or compounds recognized as ordinary articles of food or drink may be sold if not injurious to health, if containing all necessary and no unnecessary ingredient, and if distinctly labeled as such.

Manufacturers or sellers of food or drugs must furnish to any person demanding it and tendering the value a sufficient sample of any article. Penalty for violation of law, $25 to $100 or imprisonment 30 to 100 days, or both, together with necessary costs and expenses incurred in inspecting and analyzing the adulterated articles. (Gen. Stats., 1897, secs. 327-331, passed in 1889. Compare less detailed provisions in secs. 324–326.)

Unwholesome provisions.-Any person selling diseased or unwholesome provisions without making their character fully known to the buyer may be imprisoned not more than 6 months or fined not over $100. (Gen. Stats., sec. 324.)

Vinegar. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell as cider vinegar any article not the product of pure apple juice. Every person manufacturing cider vinegar shall brand each package as such with his name and place of business. The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of vinegar containing lead, sulphuric acid, or other injurious ingredient. Penalty, $50 to $100. (Laws of 1891, ch. 1.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. It is unlawful to sell to any person or to bring to a cheese or butter factory milk adulterated with water or other substance, or from which cream has been taken or from which the strippings have been withheld, or milk which is tainted or partly sour from want of proper care in keeping utensils after notification of such taint or carelessness. The law also prohibits the sale of milk from a diseased cow. Cheese and butter manufacturers are prohibited from taking cream from milk brought to them without the consent of the owners thereof. It is unlawful to use poisonous or injurious material in manufacturing cheese or butter. Penalty, $25 to $100 and double damages to the person injured. (Gen. Stats., 1897, secs. 322, 323.)

KENTUCKY.

Adulteration of food.-The adulteration or misbranding of any article of food or the sale of such adulterated or misbranded article is prohibited. The term "misbranded" is carefully defined. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted for it: if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter or the flesh of an animal which has died otherwise than by slaughter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is; if it contains an added poisonous or injurious ingredient or an antiseptic not evident to the consumer, or if it is falsely labeled as a foreign product or otherwise falsely labeled. Articles which are adulterated, but which contain no injurious ingredient, may be manufactured and sold if labeled "adulterated" or so as to show their exact character. Manufacturers of proprietary foods are not required to disclose their trade formulas, but baking powder must be labeled to show what acid salt has been used.

The director of the agricultural experiment station may approve a guaranty of purity issued by any manufacturer located in the State.

Enforcement.-The director of the experiment station is charged with the enforcement of the law. He may adopt standards where not fixed by statute. He may appoint inspectors who shall have access to places where it is suspected that adulterated articles exist, and who may take samples. State attorneys are required to prosecute at the request of the director. The experiment station may issue bulletins giving the results of analyses and similar facts. The total expense of enforcing the law is limited to $7,500 yearly. (Laws of 1900, ch. 13.)

Vinegar.-All packages containing vinegar shall be so marked as to describe the process of manufacture and the material from which the vinegar is made, whether from fruit, malt, grain, or acid. Penalty for misbranding, $25 to $100. (Statutes of Kentucky, 1900, sec. 1282.)

Honey. It is unlawful to sell any manufactured honey unless designated as such, or manufactured honey which contains any substance injurious to health. Penalty, $10 to $100 for first offense; $50 to $250 for subsequent offenses. (Ibid., sec. 1281.)

Canned goods.-Every can of fruit, vegetables, or other article of food shall be marked with the name and address of the packer or the dealer, and with an

indication of the grade or quality. "Soaked" goods shall be plainly marked as such in letters not less than 2-line pica size. Penalty, not less than $50 for venders; $500 to $1,000 for manufacturers. (Ibid., sec. 1283a.)

Lard. The law prohibits the sale of any substance in imitation of lard not produced from the fat of healthy swine, unless plainly marked to show its true character. (Ibid., sec. 1283.)

Butter.-No person shall sell any compound in imitation of butter which is not made from pure milk or cream, unless each package be plainly marked to indicate its true character. (Ibid., sec. 1283.)

The general pure food law declares that oleomargarine and kindred compounds may be sold only in such form as to advise the consumer of their character, free from coloration or ingredient causing them to look like butter.

LOUISIANA.

Adulteration of food.-The manufacture and sale of adulterated food or drugs is subject to a fine of not over $50 for the first offense and not over $100 for subsequent offenses. Drugs are deemed adulterated if they fall below the standard of the United States Pharmacopoeia or their own proposed standard. Foods are adulterated if any substance has been mixed with them so as to lower their quality or strength, or if any inferior substance has been substituted in whole or in part; or if any substance has been mixed with them which will injuriously affect the health of the consumer or of the public. All packages containing drugs or provisions must be distinctly stamped or marked with the true name and quality of the contents. The manufacture or sale of such articles without a stamp is subject to a fine of $25 or $50, or to imprisonment of not more than 10 days, or both; while the sale of articles falsely stamped is subject to a fine not over $100.

The State board of health shall enforce the act, shall make all necessary investigations, and shall analyze any article which it may deem wise and publish the result of the analysis. Every manufacturer or dealer must furnish samples on application. The board shall also analyze articles on the application of any citizen on payment of certain fees. (Acts of 1882, ch. 82.)

Unwholesome food. It is unlawful to sell tainted provisions, stale vegetables, or other articles unfit for food, or to slaughter or to sell the flesh of an animal in an unhealthy condition. It is unlawful to discharge from a train or steamboat cattle or other animals in a diseased condition within 2 miles of a city. Penalty, $25 or 3 months imprisonment for first offense, and $50 or not less than 6 months imprisonment, or both, for subsequent offenses. (Acts of 1880, ch. 20.)

Glucose. The law prohibits the sale of sugar or molasses adulterated with glucose or any foreign substance, unless so distinctly branded. Penalty, imprisonment not over 6 months and fine of $200 to $1,000. (Acts of 1886, ch. 49.) Cleaning of rice.-The law prohibits the use of oil, paraffin, or any similar substance in cleaning rice for market for the purpose of bettering its appearance. (Acts of 1898, ch. 184.)

Adulterated candy.-The manufacture or sale of candies adulterated with terra alba, barytes, talc, or other earthy substance, or with poisonous colorations or flavors or other injurious ingredients, is a misdemeanor. (Acts of 1898, ch. 68.) Adulterated butter.-The sale of any substance in imitation of butter is prohibited unless it be so labeled as unmistakably to indicate its true composition. Penalty, fine or imprisonment, or both. (Acts of 1886, ch. 81.)

MAINE.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food.-It is unlawful to adulterate an article of food or drink in such a way as to render it injurious to health. Penalty, imprisonment not over 5 years or fine not over $1,000. (Rev. Stats., ch. 128, sec. 1.)

Unwholesome food.-It is unlawful to sell an article of food which is diseased or otherwise unwholesome without informing the buyer. The law prohibits the killing for sale of a calf less than 4 weeks old or the sale of its flesh. (Ibid.)

Vinegar.-It is unlawful to manufacture or sell as cider vinegar any article not the legitimate product of pure apple juice. Penalty, $50 to $100.

The manufacture or sale of vinegar containing lead, sulphuric acid, or other injurious ingredient, is punishable by fine of not less than $100. Local authorities may appoint inspectors of vinegar. (Ibid., secs. 8-10.)

Sugar and molasses.-The adulteration of sugar or molasses with salts of tin, terra alba, glucose, or other enumerated substances, or the knowing sale of such