laws of several other States contain such a modifying provision, declaring that skimmed milk may be sold only with notice to the purchaser of its character. In fully half of the States, including most of the leading dairy States and those containing large cities, skimmed milk may be sold only from cans or vessels conspicuously marked, in prescribed type, with the words "skimmed milk." The New York law especially declares that skimmed milk shall not be sold at all in Greater New York, but may be sold as such in other parts of the State.

About half of the States, including the most populous and important ones, define the standard of milk in terms of the proportion of butter fat and of total solids to the entire weight of the milk. The most common requirement is that milk shall contain not less than 3 per cent of butter fat, but the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Minnesota require 3.5 per cent, while Massachusetts requires 3.7 per cent. The standard for total solids including fat is 11.5 per cent in 1 State, 12 per cent in 4 States, 12.5 per cent in 6 States, and 13 per cent in 3 States (Massachusetts, Minnesota, and New Hampshire).

Several of the leading dairy States have provisions also regarding creameries and cheese factories, regulating the method of testing, weighing, and accounting for milk, and prohibiting the conversion of milk or its products, when received in trust for manufacture for the benefit of the owner, to the use of any other person. In a few cases the law declares that creameries and utensils used in connection with them must be kept in a clean and sanitary condition.

The enforcement of the law regarding the purity of milk is often placed in the hands of local inspectors or boards of health, even in States having central dairy officers. In California State inspectors of milk are provided for, while in Iowa, Minnesota, and Washington persons selling milk in cities are required to obtain licenses from the State authorities, which are also charged with the enforcement of the laws as to milk. The dairy laws of Connecticut, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island authorize or require local governments to appoint inspectors of milk and prescribe the powers of these inspectors. In several of these States it is further provided that keepers of dairies must obtain licenses or permits. It should be noted also that the laws regarding municipal corporations frequently contain provisions authorizing them to regulate the adulteration and sale of milk, and to inspect it.

CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES IN DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Several States (Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin) expressly prohibit the use of certain enumerated or other injurious chemicals in milk, butter, or other dairy products. These chemicals are mostly such as are used for preserving these products.

I. TABULAR SUMMARY OF LAWS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES

RELATING TO THE ADULTERATION OF FOODS GENERALLY.

II. TABULAR SUMMARY OF LAWS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES

RELATING TO THE ADULTERATION OF SPECIAL ARTICLES OF FOOD.