APPENDIX I

PTOLEMY'S GEOGRAPHY,* Bк. II., Cн. III.,

For the Greek Text of this portion of Ptolemy's Geography, see 'Britannia Romana,' pp. 357-360. [ 213 ]

Nairn, Ross,

ness

and (probably)

part of Perth

shire

Districts beyond
the Tay

The stations of Voliba, Uxela, and Tamare are very uncertain.

Devon and
Cornwall

Fal

APPENDIX II.

THE DIAPHRAGMATA OF RICHARD OF CIRENCESTER COMPARED WITH THE ITINERARY

* Dyer gives the whole Latin text of Richard's Chorography in his work (see p. 184 et seq.). The Diaphragmata will be found at pp. 211214, at the end of Cap. VII. of Dyer's 'Vulgar Errors, Ancient and Modern.' See, too, pp. 34-178. Diaphragmata' is the plural of diaphragma, which literally means the diaphragm, or midriff, of the body, to which Richard apparently compares the roads he describes. Both this term and also the reference to the Watling Street-a mediæval term-must, if we assume the work to be genuine, be presumably considered as additions of the Benedictine monk of the fourteenth century to the old manuscript of the age of Marcus Aurelius, which he is supposed to have edited. Otherwise, they would seem to be evidence pointing to its forgery. The edition of Antoninus's Itinerary used by Dyer is that of T. Reynolds, published at Cambridge, 1799.

+ Caer Seyont or Seiont (Segontium) is said by Wright to have been one of the most important Roman towns in Wales (The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon,' p. 150), and must evidently have been one of the ports of embarkation for Ireland. This first iter of Richard's,

therefore, begins at Richborough, the port at which the Romans usually landed in Britain from the Continent, and traverses the island from the south-eastern extremity to the north-western corner of Wales, where it ends in another important port, while it passes through the important towns of Canterbury and Rochester, the commercial city of London, the municipal city of St. Albans, the colony of Chester, and the important town of Wroxeter. It must be added that Richard, like Antonínus, prefaces his first Itinerary by giving the distance between Richborough and Boulogne, which he states to be ccccl. stadia, the number given by Antoninus (see first iter, ante, p. 204), or, 'as some have it, 46,000 passua.' The passage which is the opening sentence of the Diaphragmata is as follows: 'Rhutupis prima in Brittania insula civitas versus Galliam apud Cantios sita a Gessoriago Bounoniæ portu, unde commodissimus in supradictam insulam transitus obtingit, ccccl. stadia, vel aut alii volunt xlvi. mille passum remota; ab eadem civitate ducta est viâ Guethelinga dicta, usque in Segontium per m. p. cccxxiiii., plus minus, sic: Cantiopolis, etc.