The narrative runs smoothly and appears to be unusually accurate. The amount of research required to produce a book of this kind is very extensive and laborious, and might be considered out of proportion to the importance of the subject. Nevertheless it is only through detailed and scholarly studies of this kind, that we can secure accurate knowledge of the general history of that most important of our units of local government, the town, and also of the development of that most important characteristic of the native American, the notion of selfgovernment.

MARCUS W. JERNEGAN.

Papers of the American Society of Church History. Second series, volume V. Board of Editors: Joseph Cullen Ayer, jr.; Edward Payson Johnson; John Alfred Faulkner; William Walter Rockwell. Managing Editor, William Walter Rockwell. (New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917, pp. lxv, 147, $3.00.) This volume contains the new constitution which the society adopted December 27, 1915, after it had decided to incorporate, the statute of incorporation (State of New York, March 30, 1916), minutes and reports of the eighth (1914), ninth (1915), and tenth (1916) annual meetings, lists of members living and deceased, and the following papers: J. A. Faulkner, The Reformers and Toleration; A. C. Howland, Criminal Procedure in the Church Courts of the Fifteenth Century as illustrated by the Trial of Gilles de Rais; H. E. Dosker, Recent Sources of Information on the Anabaptists in the Netherlands; A. H. Newman, Adam Pastor; F. J. F. Jackson, The Work of Some Recent English Church Historians; J. Johnson, Early Theological Education West of the Alleghanies.

Though not a great deal of new matter is presented, the papers are of substantial merit. Professor Howland's résumé of court procedure and of the trial of Gilles de Rais follows Bosard and Maulde (misspelled Moulde) and Lea's History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages, III. 468-489, but he is not convinced, as they are, of the marshal's guilt. Both Professor Newman and Professor Dosker show the rich material made accessible in the great ten-volume Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica edited by S. Cramer and F. Pijper, 1902-1914.

The American Society of Church History now has 159 members. Aside from the general stimulus of its meetings, it has shown its influence in such publications as Wessel Gansfort, Life and Writings, by E. W. Miller and J. W. Scudder, and the Latin Works of Zwingli, though this latter is now at a standstill. The society is endeavoring also to secure the publication of a manuscript left by the late Dr. Edward T. Corwin, "The Ministers and Churches of all Denominations in the Middle Colonies from the First Settlements to the Year 1800", and the production of a detailed ecclesiastical history of the Scandinavian peoples. The officers and active members of the society have every reason to be proud of the character of its work and to anticipate a still larger usefulness in the future.

Paul Jones: his Exploits in English Seas during 1778-1780. Contemporary Accounts collected from English Newspapers with a Complete Bibliography by Don C. Seitz. (New York, E. P. Dutton and Company, 1917, pp. xxi, 327, $3.50.) The first of the two principal parts of Mr. Seitz's book, pages 3-164, consists of extracts relating to John Paul Jones, taken from London newspapers covering the period April 28, 1778-December 10, 1783. All but two of the extracts are for the years 1778-1780. The newspapers are as follows, Morning Post and Daily Advertiser, Gazeteer and New Daily Advertiser, Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser, London Evening Post, General Advertiser and Morning Intelligencer, and London Chronicle. The extracts, which are classified according to subject-matter, relate chiefly to Jones's cruises in the Ranger and Bon Homme Richard, his stay in Holland after the capture of the Serapis, and his return to France. As all the main facts of Jones's naval career in European waters have long been published, these new gleanings add to our knowledge but little of first-rate importance. By massing the information drawn from British sources, they do however make clearer the English view of Jones, and increase our knowledge of the profound alarm created by his movements and of the action taken by the British as a result of them. A parallel between his descents upon the British coast, and the recent raids of the Germans through the air is inevitably suggested to the reader. In collecting and making accessible these extracts the author has rendered a valuable service for the future biographers of the commodore. The information is published without annotation or comment.

The larger part of the volume, pages 167-327, consists of a bibliography of writings respecting Jones, covering the years 1778-1917, which is the most complete that has been issued. It includes not only books, pamphlets, and articles, but also references to the commodore found in historical publications of a general character. Several omissions of articles of more importance than many of these references were noted. The arrangement is chronological.

The two main divisions of the book, described above, are preceded by a "foreword", in which a brief account is given of the papers and biographies of Jones. On the title-page, following the English practice, the author drops "John" from the name of the commodore. It would seem better however to follow Jones's practice and retain it. As a frontispiece, an unusual portrait of Jones is published. There is no index. The book is excellently printed and bound.

CHARLES O. PAULLIN.

Frontier Retreat on the Upper Ohio, 1779–1781. Edited with Introduction and Notes by Louise Phelps Kellogg, of the Wisconsin Historical Society. [Publications of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Collections, vol. XXIV., Draper Series, vol. V.] (Madison,

the Society, 1917, pp. 549, $1.50.) The most apparent shortcoming of the present volume lies in the circumscribed sources from which the editors have drawn their materials. No principle of inclusion or exclusion, either by statement or implication, appears anywhere, and the assumption is that no definite one has been held in view. This statement does not apply to the early volumes of this series, which were confined consistently to the publication of documents from the Draper collection. But with the change in editorial policy we observe the inclusion of documents from other sources, notably the Washington Papers, and the adoption of the plan of publishing summaries of documents hitherto printed. In the volume before us, of the 475 items, of which only about thirty-eight are from the Washington Papers, practically the only outside source used, more than 200 are summaries. With reference to this the editors suggest that summaries of such documents as are essential to the history of the period "have been presented at their appropriate place in the unfolding of the story in the present volume". If the editors had merely calendared the documents thus summarized, or had reduced them to foot-notes, thus making them fully as useful, sufficient space would have been saved for the inclusion of a large number of documents from other sources. This plan would have increased greatly the service already rendered by the editors in issuing the Draper series. If, for example, it was pertinent to publish Governor Thomas Jefferson's letter of February 10, 1780, to Washington relative to the Detroit expedition, why was it not equally important to present his two letters of March 30, 1780, one each to Colonel John Todd and Colonel George Rogers Clark? These, with others equally significant, are among the Haldimand Papers. Practically nothing is offered in the volume concerning the British side of the events, yet there are numerous unpublished documents in the Haldimand and other British sources which throw much light on western frontier conditions in the years 1779-1781, such as letters from Haldimand and Colonel Guy Johnson-English officials who directed from Canada the British forces in the West. Having once gone afield the editors should, in the reviewer's opinion, have gone somewhat further. Until this is done we cannot envisage the period as a whole.

The general appearance of the volume, its introduction, annotations, and index are to be highly commended. An unintelligible sentence appears near the bottom of page 30.

CLARENCE E. CARTER.

A History of the Pacific Northwest. By Joseph Schafer, Ph.D., Head of the Department of History, University of Oregon. Revised and rewritten. (New York, Macmillan Company, 1918, pp. 323. $2.25.) Professor Schafer's History of the Pacific Northwest was published in 1905 and noticed in the issue of the Review for July, 1906 XI. 949). Since that time he has made important researches in

Oregon history, the results of which he has recently embodied, as far as the scope of a school text-book would permit, in a new edition, which has been thoroughly revised and in large part rewritten. The first part of the book has been somewhat abridged. The body of the book remains much as before. The two chapters on the Oregon Treaty and the coming of the railways have been enlarged and rewritten and three new chapters on agriculture, industry and commerce, and on political and social changes have been added. Professor Schafer is in error in his statements regarding Frémont in his chapter on the railways. It is more than doubtful whether Frémont's third expedition had anything to do with a Pacific railway. He was not employed in the later official surveys and he did not cross by way of South Pass in his private expedition in the winter of 1853-1854.

The general character of the book remains the same. Within the limits prescribed it affords an excellent survey of the history of the Pacific Northwest but it does not sufficiently connect the history of that section with the general history of the country. There is nothing about the "bargain" in the Democratic convention of 1844 and the statement that "fifty-four-forty" was not in the platform is misleading. Professor Schafer still omits to point out that the organization of Oregon as a territory was the result of the Free Soil convention. This lack of adequate background constitutes the chief objection to teaching state and sectional history apart from the history of the United States, an objection that can be met only by careful management of the material. The publishers have greatly improved the format of the book.

F. H. H.

The Papers of Francis Gregory Dallas, United States Navy: Correspondence and Journal, 1837-1859. Edited by Gardner W. Allen. [Publications of the Naval History Society, volume VIII.] (New York, the Society, 1917, pp. li, 303, $8.00.) It is a pleasure to acknowledge the indebtedness of the historical world to the Naval History Society for this handsome volume. Its contents must be described, however, as of minor importance. Dallas served, but not prominently, in the Mexican War. In 1848 he was dismissed from the navy for fighting a duel. The next year he entered the fleet of the German Confederation, and in 1850 he became commander of a corvette, which. however, did little actual cruising, if any. Late in 1852 the dissolution of the fleet threw him out of employment, and he soon applied successfully for restoration to the American navy. The correspondence presented in the volume relates almost wholly to these matters. Then follows a journal kept by him from May, 1849, to June, 1859, which contains little except personal, naval, and geographical details. During the winter of 1855-1856, however, he was on detached service ashore near Puget Sound, against the Indians; and in 1858-1859 he served nearly a year on the west coast of Africa in the suppression of the

slave-trade. Dr. Gardner W. Allen contributes an extended and interesting introduction, which gives a connected account of the life of Dallas and for background considerable important information about the work of the navy during this period, especially in regard to the slave business. Attention is justly called to the importance of the transition from sail-power to steam-power, and it would have been worth while to mention the influence of the Mexican War in this regard. On page xxv, where the share of the navy in that war is described, we are told that "The Pacific Squadron took . . . Los Angeles "—a statement which, since that is an inland city, might puzzle the reader. The author's meaning is, of course, that the capture was effected by men from the squadron (assisted by a smaller number of soldiers). It might have been well to cite also the brilliant work of the naval men in Lower California. The author goes a little too far in saying that the Home Squadron "maintained a strict blockade" of the eastern coast of Mexico. An appendix quotes from The United Service Commodore Phelps's account of the passage of the Decatur (on which Phelps and Dallas were shipmates) through the Strait of Magellan, from east to west, which was the first successful attempt of a vessel of her class to make it.

JUSTIN H. SMITH.

"Honest Abe": a Study in Integrity based on the Early Life of Abraham Lincoln. By Alonzo Rothschild. (Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917, pp. 374, $2.00.) The late Alonzo Rothschild was an essayist rather than an historian. What he has accomplished in this, his second book-as in his first, Lincoln, Master of Men (1906)—is the writing of an historical essay touched by what Mr. Bliss Perry would characterize as the amateur spirit. Not trained by prolonged preparation for historical research, yet fortified by intensive. reading and a love of general literature, the author many years ago became interested in Lincoln's career and times partly through the accident of his birth (October, 1862), partly through his father's admiration for the great President, and partly through his own direct and simple nature which discovered in Lincoln ideals similar to his own. Handicapped by no question of success or failure, Mr. Rothschild rode courageously into the lists where scholars are supposed to be chiefly engaged. In them he made a record that will remain distinctly creditable.

Exactly the extent of the work Mr. Rothschild intended to accomplish is not altogether clear, though a sympathetic tribute (pp. 285-306) by his son, John Rothschild, throws light on the father's ambition. The present volume is the second, we are informed, in "a cycle of works' designed to treat Lincoln's character "from all angles". It is concerned chiefly with Lincoln's early life down to the time (1846) of his election to Congress. Had the author lived, it would have been slightly elaborated and enriched. There are five chapters: I. Pinching Times;