was almost as great as his honesty; had it stretched so far, would have made nature immortal, and death should have play for lack of work. 'Would, for the king's sake, he were living! I think, it would be the death of the king's disease. LAF. How called you the man you speak of, madam? : Count. He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was his great right to be so: Gerard de Narbon. LAF. Hewas excellent, indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him, admiringly, and mourningły: he was skilful enough to have lived still, if knowledge could be set up against mortality, BER. What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of a a reign. When the Countess mentions Helena's loss of a father, she recollects her own loss of a husband, and stops to observe how heavily the word had passes through her mind. Johnson. Thus Shakspeare himself. See The Comedy of Errors, Act III. sc. i: « Now in the stirring passage of the day.” So, in The Gamester, by Shirley, 1637: “ Ill not be witness of your passages myself:" i. e. of what passes between you. Again, in A Woman's a Weathercock, 1612: never lov'd these prying listening men 6. That ask of others' states and passages." Again: “ I knew the passages 'twixt her and Scudamore.” Again, in The Dumb Knight, 1633 : have beheld “ Your vile and most lascivious passages.” Again, in The English Intelligencer, a tragi-comedy, 1641: " -- two philosophers that jeer and weep at the passages of the world.” STEEVENS. ( 3 LAF. A fistula, my lord.” LAF. I would, it were not notorious.-Was this gentlewoman the daughter of Gerard de Narbon? Count. His sole child, my lord; and bequeathed to my overlooking. I have those hopes of her good, that her education promises : her dispositions she inherits, which make fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind carries virtuous qualities, there com 4 3 A fistula, my lord.] The King of France's disorder is specified as follows in Painter's translation from Boccaccio's Novel, on which this play was founded : “ She heard by report that the French King had a swelling upon his breast, which by reason of ill cure, was growen into a fistula,” &c. In Puttenham's Arte of English Poesie, 1589, p. 251, we have also mention of this inelegant disorder. Speaking of the necessity which princes occasionally find to counterfeit maladies, our author has the following remark: “ And in dissembling of diseases, which I pray you? for I have obserued it in the Court of Fraunce, not a burning feuer, or a plurisie, or a palsie, or the hydropick and swelling gowte, &c. But it must be either a dry dropsie, or a megrim or letarge, or a fistule in ano, or some such other secret disease as the common conuersant can hardly discouer, and the physítian either not speedily heale, or not honestly bewray." STEEVENS. virtuous qualities,] By virtuous qualities are meant qualities of good breeding and erudition ; in the same sense that the Italians say, qualità virtuosa; and not moral ones. On this account it is, she says, that, in an ill mind, these virtuous qualities are virtues and traitors too: i. e. the advantages of education enable an ill mind to go further in wickedness than it could have done without them. WARBURTON. Virtue and virtuous, as I am told, still keep this signification in the north, and mean ingenuity and ingenious. Of this sense, perhaps, an instance occurs in the Eighth Book of Chapman's version of the Iliad: “ Then will I to Olympus' top our virtuous engine bind, mendations go with pity, they are virtues and trai- . tors too; in her they are the better for their simple. ness;' she derives her honesty, and achieves her goodness. LAF. Your commendations, madam, get from her tears. COUNT. 'Tis the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. The remembrance of her father Again, in Marlowe's Tamburlaine, p. 1, 1590 : 6. If these had made one poem's period, STEEVENS. 5 they are virtues and traitors too ; in her they are the better for their simpleness ;] Her virtues are the better for their simpleness, that is, her excellencies are the better because they are artless and open, without fraud, without design. The learned commentator has well explained virtues, but has not, I think, reached the force of the word traitors, and therefore has not shown the full extent of Shakspeare's masterly observation. Virtues in an unclean mind are virtues and traitors too. Estimable and useful qualities, joined with an evil disposition, give that evil disposition power over others, who, by admiring the virtue, are betrayed to the malevolence. The Tatler, mentioning the sharpers of his time, observes, that some of them are men of such elegance and knowledge, that a young man who falls into their way, is betrayed as much by his judgment as his passions. JOHNSON. In As you like it," virtues are called traitors on a very different ground: to some kind of men « Envenoms him that bears it!” MALONE. 6 never approaches her heart, but the tyranny of her sorrows takes all livelihood from her cheek. No more of this, Helena, go to, no more; lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow, than to have.* HEL. I do affect a sorrow, indeed, but I have it too." LAF. Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead, excessive grief the enemy to the living. 7 all this to season “ A brother's dead love, which she would keep fresh, “ And lasting in her remembrance.” MALONE. So, in Chapman's version of the third Iliad : “ Season'd with tears her joys, to see,” &c. STEEVENS. all livelihood -- ] i. e. all appearance of life. STEEVENS. lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow, than to have.] Our author sometimes is guilty of such slight inaccuracies ; and concludes a sentence as if the former part of it had been constructed differently. Thus, in the present instance, he seems to have meant-lest you be rather thought to affect a sorrow, than to have. MALONE. ! I do affect a sorrow, indeed, but I have it too.] Helena has, I believe, a meaning here, that she does not wish should be understood by the countess. Her affected sorrow was for the death of her father ; her real grief for the lowness of her situation, which she feared would for ever be a bar to her union with her beloved Bertram. Her own words afte wards fully support this interpretation : I think not on my father ; What was he like? “ I am undone." MALONE. The sorrow' that Helen affected, was for her father; that which she really felt, was for Bertram's departure. The line should be particularly attended to, as it tends to explain some subsequent passages which have hitherto been misunderstood. M. Mason. << Count. If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.' BER. Madam, I desire your holy wishes. thy father down, Fall on thy head! Farewell.-My lord, 'Tis an unseason'd courtier ; good my lord, : Advise him. 1 If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.] Lafeu says, excessive grief is the enemy of the living : the Countess replies, If the living be an enemy to grief, the excess soon makes it mortal : that is, If the living do not indulge grief, grief destroys itself by its own excess. By the word mortal I understand that which dies; and Dr. Warburton (who reads -be not enemy-] that which destroys. I think that my interpretation gives a sentence more acute and more refined. Let the reader judge. Johnson. A passage in The Winter's Tale, in which our author again speaks of grief destroying itself by its own excess, adds support to Dr. Johnson's interpretation: scarce any joy “ But kill'd itself much sooner.” “ These violent delights have violent ends, “ And in their triumph die.” Malone. · That thee may furnish,] That may help thee with more and better qualifications. JOHNSON. VOL. VIII. 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