The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams, Volume 2 |
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Page 277
... Qanats of Iran PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST SOPHISTICATED SYSTEMS of tra- ditional irrigation known to us is that associated with the qanats of Iran . A qanat is a conduit that collects the water from an aqui- fer on the slope of a hill and ...
... Qanats of Iran PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST SOPHISTICATED SYSTEMS of tra- ditional irrigation known to us is that associated with the qanats of Iran . A qanat is a conduit that collects the water from an aqui- fer on the slope of a hill and ...
Page 278
... qanat . The great advantages of transporting water underground in this way are obvious . Since the qanats are often dug into hard subsoil and , when necessary , lined with relatively impermeable clay hoops , there is little seepage , no ...
... qanat . The great advantages of transporting water underground in this way are obvious . Since the qanats are often dug into hard subsoil and , when necessary , lined with relatively impermeable clay hoops , there is little seepage , no ...
Page 280
... qanats has risen sharply . In 1983 , Pazwash estimated that it would cost about one million dollars to build an 8 km qanat with an average tunnel depth of 15 meters . That high capital cost , however , is amply compensated by the low ...
... qanats has risen sharply . In 1983 , Pazwash estimated that it would cost about one million dollars to build an 8 km qanat with an average tunnel depth of 15 meters . That high capital cost , however , is amply compensated by the low ...
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
The Problems of Resettlement | 17 |
Management and MaintenancePerennial Problems | 163 |
Copyright | |
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acre-feet acres agricultural land Akawaio Arid Land Aswan Aswan Dam Aswan High Dam Barton Worthington benefits billion m³ Biswas Brazil Bruce Stokes building built canal Carl Widstrand caused Chagga construction cost crops cultivation cultural damage deforestation Developing Countries disease drainage earthquakes ecological economic Edward Goldsmith effects Egypt Environment Environmental estimated evaporation farmers farming feddans fertile fish flood control forest Goodland groundwater hectares High Dam hydroelectric Ibid increase India industrial inevitable irrigated land irrigation irrigation agriculture irrigation schemes irrigation system John Waterbury large dams large-scale water loss malaria ment meters million hectares Nile peasants percent perennial irrigation plans plants points pollution problem production qanats region reservoir resettlement result Rothé salinization salt schistosomiasis sedimentation seepage seismic silt social soil Sonjo Sri Lanka supply tanks Third World tion traditional irrigation Tucuruí Valley village water development schemes water projects waterlogging wildlife World Bank