Texas. - Except as to holographs, a will must be attested by two subscribing witnesses above the age of 14. Application for the probate of a will must be made within 4 years from the testator's death.

Utah. - Every person over 18 years of age may dispose of his property by will. Except as to holographic wills, a will must be attested by two witnesses who subscribe at the end. Nuncupative wills are valid when the estate bequeathed does not exceed $1,000, provided they be made within 24 hours before death, and proved within 6 months from such death by two witnesses, one of whom was asked by the testator to bear witness.

Vermont. - Every person 18 years of age may make a will. There must be three attesting witnesses, who shall sign in the presence of the testator and of each other.

Virginia. - Every person over 18 years of age may dispose of his or her personalty by will. Except as to holographic wills, there must be two subscribing witnesses, but no form of attestation is necessary. A will is construed as if made just before the testator's death unless a contrary intention appear.

Washington. - Females 18 years of age, or under that age if married, may make a will. A will must be attested by two subscribing witnesses. If a testator leave a child or children, or descendants thereof in case of death, not named or provided for in his will, he shall be deemed to die intestate, so far as regards such child or children or the said descendants. No nuncupative will shall be good where the estate exceeds $200 in value, unless the same be proved by two witnesses who were present at the making thereof, and it be proven that the testator at the time of pronouncing the same did bid some person present to witness that such was his will; that such will was made at the time of his last sickness, and at the dwelling house or residence of deceased, except where such person was taken sick away from home, and died before his return. This does not prevent soldiers or sailors in service from so disposing of their wages or personal effects. Nuncupative wills must be offered for proof within 6 months after speaking the testamentary words.

West Virginia. - Minors over 18 years of age may dispose of personalty by will. Except as to holographic wills, there must be two subscribing witnesses. A devise or a legacy to a witness or the husband or the wife of such a witness, unless such devisee or legatee would share in the estate under the intestate laws, is void, unless the will may be otherwise proved.

Wisconsin. - Married women over 18 years of age are qualified to make a will. Two competent witnesses must subscribe in the presence of the testator, and of each other.

Wyoming. – There must be two competent witnesses to the testator's signing. No witness, unless entitled by the intestate laws to share in the estate, can derive any benefit from the will, unless it be otherwise proved.

PROVINCES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA

British Columbia. - There must be two witnesses present at the same time who must subscribe to a will. An executor or a devisee is a competent witness, but a devise to an attesting witness becomes void. A will speaks from the time of the testator's death. Gifts to children or other issue, who have died leaving issue at the testator's death, do not lapse, but descend to such issue.

Manitoba. - Except as to holographic wills, there must be two subscribing witnesses. Bequests to a witness, or the wife or the husband of such, are void. No will made outside of this province is valid as a will in Manitoba, unless executed in accordance with the laws of this province.

New Brunswick. - Wills must have two subscribing witnesses. A devise or a legacy to a witness, or the husband or the wife of such, is void.

Nova Scotia. - Wills must have two subscribing witnesses.

Ontario. – Wills must have two subscribing witnesses. A devise or a legacy to a witness, or the husband or the wife of a witness, is invalid. A will is construed as if it had been executed immediately before the death of the testator.

Quebec. - The code provides for the most absolute freedom of disposing of property by will by persons of full age, either by the French form, or the English, or the holographic will. Females may

serve as attesting witnesses to the English will, but not to the French will. When a will is null because all the formalities required by law have not been observed according to one system, it may avail and be valid according to another system. The French form of wills consists in dictating the will to a notary of the province, in the presence of another notary or of two witnesses. The original remains of record in the notary's office, and the copies delivered by him under his signature are authentic. Holographic wills must be wholly written and signed by the testator, and require neither notaries nor witnesses. Wills in the English form must be signed by the testator in the presence of two witnesses. Wills of the last two kinds must be probated.

GOVERNMENT FEES FOR PATENTS, COPYRIGHT, AND TRADE-MARKS

PATENTS

United States. - The following is the schedule of the principal fees of the patent office: On filing each original application for a design patent for 3 years and 6 months, $10; on filing each original application for a design patent for 7 years, $15; on filing each original application for a design patent for 14 years, $30; on allowance of an application for a design patent, no further charge; on filing each caveat, $10; on filing each original application for a patent, $15; on allowance for an original application for a patent except in design cases, $20; on filing disclaimer, $10; on filing every application for the reissue of a patent, $30; on filing each application for a division of a reissue, $30; on allowance of an application for the reissue, no further charge; on filing an appeal from a primary examiner or the examiner of interferences to the examiners-in-chief, $10; on filing an appeal from the examiners-in-chief to the commissioner, $20.

Great Britain. -Application for patents may be conducted in two forms: (a) By the application being accompanied by a provisional specification, in which case the complete or final specification has to be filed within 9 months from the date of the application; or (b) by the application being accompanied by a complete specification in the first instance. This provisional specification is not intended to describe the invention so minutely and completely that a person skilled in the art to which it relates shall be able, with the aid of the provisional specifi-. cation alone, to carry out the invention; it is rather intended for the purpose of enabling the comptroller to identify the invention described in the complete specification with the invention which the applicant had in mind when filing his original application, as disclosed by the provisional specification. At any time after the allowance of the provisional protection (generally within 3 weeks after the application) and within 9 months from the date of application, the applicant must file his complete specification, including necessary explanations, drawings, and claims. If the full time be taken, and the complete specification filed at the termination of the 9 months from date of application, the patent would in ordinary course issue in just over 12 months from the date of the application, 1 month being usually taken for the acceptance

of the complete specification, which is then open to opposition for 2 months, after which, if not opposed, the patent promptly issues. If the complete specification be filed first, the patent usually issues in 3 months' time from the date of filing, 1 month being officially occupied in accepting the specification, and 2 months allowed for opposition. Patents are subject to taxes after the fourth year, the taxes increasing yearly thereafter. The fee for provisional protection is $10, and for a complete patent $35.

Canada. - The following fees shall be payable before an application for any of the purposes herein mentioned shall be received by the commissioner of patents: Fee for full term of 18 years, $60; partial fee for 6 years, $20; fee for further term of 12 years, $40; on lodging a caveat, $5; on asking to register a judgment pro tanto, $4; on asking to register an assignment, or to attach a disclaimer to a patent, $2; on asking for a copy of patent with specification, $4; on petition to reissue a patent after surrender, $4.

Argentine Republic. - Patents may be granted for a term of 3, 10, or 15 years, the fees therefor being respectively $100, $150, and $250.

Austria. - The fee for a patent is $40. There are taxes on patents payable annually.

Belgium. - The fee for a patent is $20. There are annual taxes on patents.

Brazil. - The fee for a simple patent is $100. There are yearly taxes on patents.

Chile. There are no taxes on patents. The fee is $200.

Denmark. The fee for a patent is $35, and it is subject to annual taxes.

France. -A patent is subject to the payment of a yearly tax, payable on or before the anniversary of the application for the patent. The fee is $35.

Germany. - The fee is $40 for a simple patent.

Hungary. The patent laws of this country are similar to those of Austria.

Italy. - A patent is subject to a tax payable yearly. The fee is $45. Mexico. A patent must be worked within 5 years, and is taxable after the fifth year. The fee for obtaining a patent is $100.

Norway. -A patent is subject to an annual tax, payable in advance before the commencement of each year of the life of the patent. The fee for a patent is $35.

Spain. - There is an annual tax on a patent, payable in advance before the beginning of each year of the life of the patent. The fee for a patent is $35.

Sweden. There are annual taxes, payable in advance before the commencement of each year of the life of the patent. The fee for a single patent is $35

Switzerland. - The fee for a patent is $35, and it is subject to annual taxes.

COPYRIGHT

United States. - The fees payable to the librarian of congress are as follows: For recording the title or description of any copyright book or other article, 50 cents, or, in case the article be the production of a person not a citizen nor resident of the United States, $1; for every copy under seal of such record actually given to the person claiming the copyright, or his assignment, 50 cents; for recording and certifying any instrument of writing for the assignment of a copyright, $1; for every copy of an assignment, $1.

Great Britain. - A fee of 5 shillings is charged for the registration of a book or other article to be copyrighted, and a fee of 5 shillings for searches.

Canada. - The following fees shall be paid to the minister of agriculture before any application for any of the purposes herein mentioned is received: On registering a copyright, $1; on registering an interim copyright, 50 cents; on registering a temporary copyright, 50 cents; on registering an assignment, $1.

TRADE-MARKS

United States. - The fee for registration of a trade-mark is $25, payable into the treasury of the United States.

Great Britain. - There shall be paid, in respect of applications and registrations of trade-marks, such fees as may from time to time, with the sanction of the treasury, be prescribed by the board of trade.

Canada. - The fees for registration of trade-marks with the minister of agriculture are as follows: For general trade-mark, $30; for specific trade-mark, $25; for the renewal of the latter, $20; for registering industrial design, $5. All fees are payable in advance; but if the application be refused, the fee, less $5, will be returned.

Austria. The registration of a trade-mark is subject to a tax of 10 florins, which shall be paid into the fund of the chamber of commerce and industry.