Primate Paradigms: Sex Roles and Social BondsThis critical review of behavior patterns in nonhuman primates is an excellent study of the importance of female roles in different social groups and their significance in the evolution of human social life. "A book that properly illuminates in rich detail not only developmental and socioecological aspects of primate behavior but also how and why certain questions are asked. In addition, the book frequently focuses on insufficiently answered questions, especially those concerned with the evolution of primate sex differences. Fedigan's book is unique . . . because it places primate adaptations and our explanation of those patterns in a larger intellectual framework that is easily and appropriately connected to many lines of research in different fields (sociology, psychology, anthropology, neurobiology, endocrinology, and biology)—and not in inconsequential ways, either."—James McKenna, American Journal of Primatology "This is the feminist critique of theories of primate and human evolution."—John H. Cook, Nature |
Contents
Primate Behavior and the Comparative Method | 4 |
An Introduction to the Order Primates | 8 |
WORDS | 13 |
Definition Metaphors and Analogies | 16 |
Language and the Study of Sex Roles | 20 |
INSTINCT INNATE AND LEARNED BEHAVIOR | 25 |
PRIMATE SOCIETIES | 37 |
Terms | 38 |
Ovariectomies | 156 |
Male Castration Testosterone and Behavior | 161 |
Prenatal Hormone Alterations | 163 |
Androgens and the Brain | 169 |
A False Dichotomy | 170 |
ONTOGENY AND SOCIALIZATION | 173 |
Definitions of Socialization | 174 |
Sex Differences and Other Differences | 175 |
Taxonomies of Primate Social Systems | 40 |
Some Causal Factors in Social Variability | 43 |
Natural Social Behavior and the Sources of Stability and Change | 44 |
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM | 49 |
Explanation of Sexual Dimorphism | 54 |
Dentition and Ornaments | 59 |
Sexual Dimorphism and Growth Patterns | 61 |
Sexual Dimorphism in Size and Behavior | 62 |
Conclusion | 64 |
AGGRESSION | 69 |
Expression and Context of Aggression | 71 |
Causes | 74 |
Functions | 76 |
Just How Aggressive are Primates? | 78 |
Sex Differences in Aggression | 85 |
DOMINANCE AND ALLIANCE | 89 |
Definitions | 91 |
Measurements | 92 |
Correlations Between Measurements | 97 |
Dominance Mounting and Grooming | 98 |
Miscinceptions of Dominance | 99 |
Alliance and Coalition | 102 |
Leadership | 103 |
AttenionStructure | 104 |
Social Facilitation Coercion and Inhibition | 105 |
ROLES | 107 |
What is a Role? | 109 |
What is Role Analysis? | 110 |
Taxonomies of Roles | 113 |
Dominance and Roles | 114 |
Social Skills and Roles | 115 |
KINSHIP THE TIES THAT BIND | 119 |
Kinship the Ties that Bind | 120 |
Differential Behavior and Social Dynamics | 122 |
Kinship and Dominance | 125 |
Male Emigration and Troop Fission | 126 |
Kinship and Mating Patterns | 128 |
Protoculture | 130 |
Comparative Primate Kinship Systems | 131 |
SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR | 135 |
Breeding Seasons | 138 |
Consorts | 139 |
Bisexual Behavior and Homosexual Behavior | 140 |
Female and Male Roles in Sexual Behavior | 141 |
Sexual Bonds and Social Structure | 144 |
Initiation of Consort Bonds | 145 |
Maintenance and Termination of a Consort Bond | 146 |
Mate Selection Aggression and Sexual Selection | 147 |
Conclusion | 149 |
FERTILITY VIRILITY HORMONES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR | 153 |
Continuity of Sex Differences in Behavior | 176 |
Sex Differences in Behavior of Young Primates | 178 |
Female Parental Care | 179 |
Male Parental Care | 188 |
Peers | 192 |
Summary | 195 |
DEPRIVATION | 197 |
Sex Differences and Deprivation | 201 |
Stress and Sex Differences in Behavior | 205 |
Love and Sex Roles Made Simple | 207 |
MULTIMALE MULTIFEMALE SOCIETIES | 213 |
Introduction | 214 |
MultiMale MultiFemale Primate Societies | 215 |
The LifeWay of Japanese Monkeys Macaca fuscata | 216 |
The LifeWay of Vervet Monkeys Cercopithecus aethiops | 221 |
The LifeWay of Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes | 225 |
References | 232 |
POLYGYNOUS SOCIETIES | 235 |
The LifeWay of Patas Monkeys Erythrocebus patas | 238 |
The LifeWay of Nilgiri Langurs Presbytis jobnii | 242 |
The LifeWay of Geladas Theropitbecus gelada | 246 |
References | 250 |
MONOGAMOUS SOCIETIES | 251 |
The LifeWay of Marmosets Callitbricidar | 253 |
The LifeWay of Dusky Titi Monkeys Callicebus moloch | 257 |
The LifeWay of Siamangs Hylobates syndactylus | 260 |
References | 263 |
SEXUAL SELECTION FEMALE CHOICE OR HOBSONS CHOICE? | 267 |
The Problems | 269 |
Applications of Sexual Selection Theory to Nonhuman Primates | 275 |
SOCIOBIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SEX ROLES | 285 |
The Levels of Selection | 286 |
Kin Slection | 288 |
Application of Kin Selection Theory to Nonhuman Primates | 289 |
Reciprocal Altruism | 292 |
Application of Reciprocal Altruism to Nonhuman Primates | 293 |
Trivers Model of Parental Investment | 294 |
Application of Parental Investment Theory to Nonhuman Primates | 296 |
Female Strategies | 297 |
Is Sociobiology Sexist? | 298 |
Another Look at Reproductive Costs and Male Versus Female Investments | 299 |
How Are We Fallen? | 301 |
Conclusions | 303 |
THEORIES ON THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE | 305 |
Baboonization The Common Baboon Model | 306 |
What Our Ancestors Are The Gelada Model | 312 |
Our Kitch and Kin The Chimpanzee Model | 316 |
Conclusion | 319 |
378 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adaptive adult females adult male aggression agonistic allomothering alloparenting androgens animals argued aspects Behav biological bonds canines Chapter chimpanzees common baboons concept consort copulation correlation described differential discussed dominance rank environment environmental estrus evolution evolutionary example exhibit factors female and male female choice geladas genetic grooming group members hamadryas hamadryas baboons Harlow hominids hormones human important individuals infants interactions Japanese macaques Japanese monkeys juvenile kin selection kinship langurs live Macaca marmosets mating matrilineal monogamous mothers multi-female multi-male Nilgiri langur nonhuman primates occur offspring partners patas patterns play polygynous predators primate behavior primate social primate societies primate species primatologists prosimians reared reciprocal altruism relationship reproductive success reproductive units result rhesus macaques rhesus monkeys role Rowell scientists sex differences sexual behavior sexual dimorphism sexual selection siamangs social behavior social groups social organization sociobiological studies suggested testosterone theory tion traits troop Univ variability vervets young