Officers: President, William Tweeddale; vice-president, Prof. L. A. Thomas; secretary, George S. Chase; treasurer, J. Lee Knight. Reorganized in 1881 under name of “Topeka Scientific Club." President, Prof. John T. Lovewell; secretary, George S. Chase. Reorganized in 1885 under name of "Topeka Scientific Society." President, Henry W. Roby, M. D.; secretary, George S. Chase. Reorganized in 1888 under name of "Topeka Society of Natural History." President, Dr. A. H. Thompson; secretary and treasurer, B. B. Smyth. Name changed in 1890 to "Topeka Society of Natural Sciences." President, George D. Hale; vice-president, Prof. F. W. Cragin; secretary and treasure:, B. B. Smyth. Membership, 19. Suspended in July, 1892. Reorganized in 1894 under name of "Topeka Philosophical Society." President, Dr. A. H. Thompson; vice-presidents, Prof. J. T. Lovewell and J. C. Cooper; secretary and treasurer, B. B. Smyth. Membership, 55. Object.-To increase and diffuse knowledge in the various departments of science. THE POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY OF KENTUCKY. LOUISVILLE, KY. Organized December 9, 1876; incorporated April 10, 1878. Originally organized as a social scientific-literary club. Its objects are declared by the revised charter to be "the cultivation and diffusion of knowledge by maintaining a free reference library, a circulating library, and courses of popular lectures; by collecting, preserving, and arranging in its libraries and cabinets whatever may illustrate history, science, literature, the arts, or other branches of useful knowledge, and especially the history, topography, geology, paleontology, zoology, botany, mineralogy, and the sociology and industries of Kentucky, and by organizing and maintaining, as may be deemed expedient, academies or classes in science, art, literature, philosophy, and technology." Founders.-Prof. Noble Butler, Dr. F. M. Byington, Dr. T. S. Bell, Prof. P. A. Towne, Dr. Emory Alfred Grant, Dr. Thomas Page Grant, Andrew McDonald, Dr. Thomas E. Jenkins, Dr. J. R. Buchanan, John W. Williamson, Maj. W. J. Davis, Prof. Thomas W. Tobin. First officers.-President, Dr. T. S. Bell; vice-president, Prof. J. W. Chenault; secretary, Dr. Thomas E. Jenkins; treasurer, Andrew McDonald. Officers, 1895.-President, Col. Bennett H. Young; vice-president, John Stites; secretary, Dr. Emory Alfred Grant; treasurer, William T. Grant. PUBLICATIONS. Annual reports. 8vo. Catalogues of the library, which numbers nearly 50,000 volumes. NEW ORLEANS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. NEW ORLEANS, La. Organized 1853; incorporated 1856. Object.-To advance science in all its departments. Founders.-Howard Smith, M. D.; Josiah Hale, M. D.; Noah B. Benedict, M. D.; H. D. Baldwin, M. D.; William B. Lindsay, M. D.; Albert W. Ely, M. D.; J. S. Copes, M. D.; J. C. Simonds, M. D.; Edward C. Bolton; I. L. Crawcour, M. D., M. R. C. S. E.; D. F. Mitchel; Henry Hughes; Prof. William C. Duncan, A. M.; Prof. R. H. Chilton; W. P. Riddell, A. B.; Rev. William A. Scott, D. D.; Prof. J. L. Riddell, A. M., M. D.; Rev. Alex. Campbell, D. D.; Erastus Everett, A. M.; Rev. Isaac J. Henderson; Duncan Macgibbon, M. D.; Bennet Dowler, M. D.; Prof. E. H. Barton, A. M., M. D.; J. M. W. Picton, M. D.; Albert G. Blanchard, C. E.; Caleb G. Forshey, C. E.; F. M. Corry. Officers, 1853.-President, Josiah Hale, M. D.; first vice-president, J. S. Copes, M. D.; second vice-president, Albert W. Ely; corresponding secretary, I. L. Crawcour, M. D.; recording secretary, William B. Lindsay, M. D.; treasurer, Henry Hughes; librarian, Edward C. Bolton; curator, D. F. Mitchell. Officers, 1895.-President, Prof. B. V. B. Dixon, A. M., LL. D.; vice-president, B. M. Harrod, C. E.; corresponding secretary, Prof. A. Fortier, D. Lt.; recording secretary, S. P. Delaup, M. D.; treasurer, William O. Rogers, LL. D.; librarian, Prof. Charles G. Gill, A. M., Ph. D. PUBLICATIONS. L. von Reizenstein. Catalogues of the Lepidoptera of New Orleans and its vicinity, 1863. 24mo, pp. 10. Sarah A. Dorsey. Philosophy of the University of France, 1874. 8vo, pp. 24. E. W. Hilgard. Supplementary and final report of a Geological Reconnaissance of State of Louisiana in 1869; 1869. 8vo, pp. 44. Papers read before New Orleans Academy of Sciences, Vol. I, No. 1, 1887, 8vo, pp. 124; Vol. I, No. 2, 1888, pp. 172. KENNEBEC NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. AUGUSTA, ME. Organized 1890; incorporated May 7, 1891. Objects. The collection of local historical data, the collection of specimens in natural history, and the preservation of articles of antiquarian interest. First officers.-W. Scott Hill, M. D., president; Samuel L. Boardman, vice-president; Frank T. Noble, secretary; E. C. Dudley, treasurer; Charles C. Willoughby, librarian. Officers, 1894.-Henry F. Beauchard, president; F. L. Noble, vice-president; Melville Smith, secretary; O. C. Webster, treasurer; Charles E. Nash, librarian; members of the council, W. Scott Hill, George W. Vickery, S. L. Boardman, and David T. Neal. YORK INSTITUTE. SACO, ME. Organized March 22, 1866. Objects. To promote the study of natural history, to encourage science and art; also to collect and preserve whatever relates to the natural and civil history of the county of York. Incorporators.-John Johnson, Charles H. Granger, George A. Emery, George F. Calef, and John Hanscom. First officers.-John Johnson, president; Stephen L. Goodale, first vice-president; Roscoe G. Dennett, second vice-president, John Hanscom, secretary; George A. Emery, librarian; George F. Calef, treasurer; Charles H. Granger, superintendent of museum. Officers, 1894.-John S. Locke, president; George A. Carter, James O. Bradbury, vicepresidents; Edward P. Burnham, treasurer; George A. Emery, secretary; W. S. Dennett, librarian; Dr. M. W. Follansbee, superintendent of museum. MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. After several previous unsuccessful attempts to organize, in the city of Baltimore, an association for the promotion of science, in the year 1819 a few gentlemen formed a society, which met in an humble room over a stable, in the rear of the houses on the northwest corner of Lexington and St. Paul streets. Among its members were Robert Gilmor and Drs. Ducatel, Frick, George Williamson, and Macaulay. Notwithstanding the zeal of its members, the society was very short lived. Its funds, however, were carefully husbanded; and, subsequently, amounting to over $1,200, they were given to the academy, which was formed in 1822. This was the first successful attempt to establish a scientific institution. Dr. L. H. Gerardin, a distinguished French savant, who was also principal of Baltimore College, was chosen as the first president. He died in the year 1825. During his presidency, the academy met at Baltimore College, and subsequently over the post-office, at the northeast corner of Fayette and North streets. On February 16, 1826, the members were incorporated under the name of the "Maryland Academy of Science and Literature." After this, the academy removed to the athenæum, at the southwest corner of Lexington and St. Paul streets. Here the collections were greatly increased, a valuable museum was formed, and the members were active and zealous till the year 1834, when the building, and with it the greater part of the library and collections of the academy, were destroyed by fire. In 1836 the academy was again revived, and the meetings were held over the postoffice, in its old room. Dr. Patrick Macaulay was chosen president. In 1837 was published the first and only volume of the Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature. After a short and languishing existence of about eight years, the academy was dissolved in 1844, and its books and collections were distributed among its members. After 1844, unless we except the Geological and Phrenological Societies, nothing was attempted in Baltimore for the cultivation of science. Both these associations were very short lived. On May 7, 1855, the Maryland Historical Society established a "committee on natural history." This committee met at the rooms of the Historical Society every fortnight until the close of the year 1862. On January 22, 1863, a meeting was held at the house of Philip T. Tyson, and ED 94- -96 the present academy was organized by the adoption of a constitution, and the election of Mr. Tyson as its president. The meetings of the academy were held every fortnight at the house of some member of the academy until April, 1867, when they were held at the building of the faculty of Art and Sciences of the University of Maryland, No. 32 Mulberry street. On March 15, 1867, the academy was incorporated under the name of the "Maryland Academy of Sciences." "The object of the academy shall be to promote scientific research, and to collect, preserve, and diffuse information relating to the sciences, especially those which are connected with the natural history of Maryland." (Constitution.) Incorporators, 1867.-Philip T. Tyson, John G. Morris, Edwin A. Dalrymple, Charles C. Bombaugh, John Fonerden, Christopher Johnston, W. E. A. Aiken, John R. Uhler, Philip Uhler, G. Lane Taneyhill, G. A. Leakin, W. H. Letterman, John W. Lee, George Popplein. Officers, 1867.-President, Philip T. Tyson; vice-president, Rev. John G. Morris, D. D.; corresponding secretary, Rev. Edwin A. Dalrymple, D. D.; recording secretary, Charles C. Bombaugh, M. D.; treasurer, John W. Lee; librarian, A. Snowden Piggot, M. D.; curator, P. R. Uhler; assistant curator, M. T. De Rosset, M. D. THE SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. BALTIMORE, MD. Organized October 24, 1877. Objects. It is an association of the members of the scientific departments of the university, for the purpose of keeping those connected with any one of the departments informed as to the work being done in kindred subjects. Meetings are held monthly, at which papers are read, including (1) presentation of brief papers on the work going on in the different departments; (2) résumés of important articles on scientific subjects. First officers.--President, Prof. J. J. Sylvester; vice-president, Prof. Ira Remsen; secretary, Dr. William E. Story. Officers, 1895.-President, Prof. Ira Remsen; vice-president, Prof. William H. Howell; secretary, Dr. Charles L. Poor. PUBLICATIONS. Abstracts of many of the papers read before the association may be found in the "University Circulars," a publication issued by the university at irregular intervals during the academic year. Many have also appeared in various scientific journals, where they are published by the author, not by the society. AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION. PITTSFIELD, MASS. Organized 1875; incorporated 1892. Objects. Its purpose is to encourage the personal observation of nature, and to stimulate and direct that sort of original scientific study which was pursued by Louis Agassiz from his boyhood to his death. It is the aim of the local branches or "chapters" to make collections of the plants, animals, or minerals of their immediate neighborhood, and to learn what they can regarding the specimens they collect, or to study together some branch of science. Founder.-Harlan H. Ballard, Incorporators, 1892.-Harlan H. Ballard, W. R. Plunkett, Edward T. Slocum, George H. Tucker, J. F. A. Adams, Henry W. Bishop, Zenas Crane, James M. Barker, H. Ë. Deats, Alpheus Hyatt. Officers, 1895.-President, H. H. Ballard; treasurer, Mrs. George H. Tucker; secretary, G. T. Slocum. Since 1875 the Agassiz Association has spread from a school in Lenox, Mass., to every part of the world. It has established more than 1,500 branch societies in as many different towns with a total membership of more than 20,000. The Observer. PUBLICATIONS. THE BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. BOSTON, MASS. Organized in June, 1876, under the name Boston Amateur Philosophical Association." This was changed to "Boston Amateur Scientific Society," and in December, 1878, the present title was adopted. Incorporated September, 1879. At the time of its establishment the society claimed to have no objects other than the study of matters scientific and the diffusion of knowledge. It has developed into an association of active investigators, and the papers presented before it are largely reports of progress in original research. Founders.-Prof. George H. Barton, Edwin F. Sawyer, George H. Elson, Dr. S. C. Chandler, William Bellamy, Edward E. Norton, Dr. Samuel Garman, and John Ritchie, jr. Officers, 1894.-President, Frank A. Bates; secretary, W. D. Grier; corresponding secretary, John Ritchie, jr.; treasurer, Edward E. Norton. PUBLICATIONS. The Science Observer, 50 numbers, 1877-1886. 8vo. Science Observer special circulars, devoted to early information concerning comets, their discovery and orbits. These number 105, from 1878-1894, and are 8vo broadsides. Science Observer international circulars, Nos. 1-38, 1882-1894. 8vo broadsides. These are European comet circulars, distributed from Berlin as a center. The contents are selected from the American circulars and transmitted by cable. Occasional publications, No. 1. The Science Observer Code, S. C. Chandler, jr., and J. Ritchie, jr., Boston, 1888. 4to, pp. 250. CAPE ANN SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY ASSOCIATION. GLOUCESTER, MASS. Organized March 22, 1875; incorporated April 26, 1876. Objects. The local and general advancement of scientific and literary knowledge. First officers.-President, Dr. Herman E. Davidson; first vice-president, J. W. Allard; second vice-president, Miss Sarah G. Duley; recording secretary, Rev. Minot G. Gage; corresponding secretary, Rev. Richard Eddy; treasurer, Maj. David W. Low; managers, Col. J. H. French, Dr. E. E. Barden, Gorham P. Low, jr., Mrs. Maria H. Bray, Henry C. Hallowell. Officers, 1894.-President, Dr. Thomas Conant; vice-presidents, Dr. George Morse, Mrs. Maria H. Bray; treasurer, Maj. David W. Low; recording secretary, Miss Sarah G. Duley; corresponding secretary, Miss Sarah E. Ellery; managers, Mrs. H. M. Tappan, Miss Sarah G. Duley, Mrs. Charles H. Pew, Mrs. William H. Jordan. D. E. Woodbury. ESSEX INSTITUTE, SALEM, MASS. Organized March 1, 1848; incorporated February, 1848. Objects. The collection and preservation of whatever relates to the geography, antiquities, and civil and ecclesiastical history of Essex County; the formation of a cabinet of natural productions in general, and more particularly those of the county; the promoting a taste for the cultivation of choice fruits and flowers. The Essex Institute was formed mainly through the influence of Henry Wheatland by the union of the Essex Historical Society and the Essex County Natural History Society. To effect this end the two societies held several meetings during the autumn of 1847, and it was finally accomplished on January 14, 1848. The 3 departments of the institute were then history, natural history, and horticulture. Its scope has been from time to time enlarged, and there are now departments of history, science, literature, art, and horticulture. First officers.-President, Daniel A. White; vice-presidents, John G. King, John L. Russell, John C. Lee; secretary and treasurer, Henry Wheatland. Officers, 1894.-President, E. B. Willson; secretary, H. M. Brooks; treasurer, William O. Chapman; librarian, C. S. Osgood. The library of the institute, which in 1848 numbered 1,500 volumes, now numbers 51,000 volumes, and embraces all the departments of literature, but is mostly useful for reference. A reading room is the latest addition to the library department, and this is well supplied with historical, scientific, and art periodicals, besides the usual magazine literature of the day. The museum now contains a large and valuable collection of antiquarian and historical relics, portraits, paintings, engravings, medals, coins, paper currency, manuscripts, etc., and is in process of systematic arrangement. The scientific collections, which, before 1867, had grown to be so large and of such value that it was impossible for the institute at that time to bear the expense of properly caring for and exhibiting them, were, by agreement entered into between the institute and the trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science in May, 1867, deposited with the last-named institution, where, properly labeled, arranged, and preserved, they are made available. PUBLICATIONS. In the work of publishing the institute has been joined by the Peabody Academy of Science. For publications of the institute see report of American Historical Association, 1892, and also its "Partial Catalogue" of publications in history, genealogy, archæology, geology, botany, zoology, sociology, etc. Salem, 1894. Organized 1868. PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. SALEM, MASS. Object.-The promotion of science and useful knowledge in the county of Essex. The trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science received funds by gift in 1867 from George Peabody, of London, by birth a son of Essex County, for the "promotion of science and useful knowledge in the county of Essex." Under the instrument of trust, East India Marine Hall (erected by the East India Marine Society in 1824) was purchased and refitted, and the museum of the East India Marine Society (begun in 1799) and the natural history collections of the Essex Institute (begun in 1834), received by the trustees as permanent deposits, were placed therein. To this foundation have been added many valuable collections since received by the trustees. Officers, 1894.-Edward S. Morse, director; John Robinson, treasurer, in charge of the museum; John H. Sears, curator, mineralogy and geology; janitor, J. Russell Treadwell; trustees, William C. Endicott, president; Abner C. Goodell, jr., secretary; John Robinson, treasurer; S. Endicott Peabody, Henry L. Higginson, George Cogswell, Elihu Thompson. PUBLICATIONS. Memoirs, Nos. 1-6, 1869-1881, averaging about 32 pages each, with plates. 4to. Special publications, Primitive Industry, by Charles C. Abbott, 1881. 8vo, pp. 429. tute. DETROIT SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. DETROIT, MICH. Organized April 16, 1874; incorporated May 5, 1874. Object.-To promote scientific study and establish a museum and library, courses of lectures, etc. First officers.-Dr. George P. Andrews, president; Eugene C. Skinner, John_M. B. Sill, John C. Holmes, Henry Gillmau, Charles C. Cadman, Frederick Stearns, Collins B. Hubbard, D. Farrand Henry, vice presidents; Albert B. Lyons, secretary. Officers, 1895.-President, J. C. Holmes (deceased); vice-president, E. C. Skinner; secretary and treasurer, Bryant Walker. THE MINNESOTA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Organized January 6, 1873; incorporated September 14, 1875. Objects. To observe and investigate natural phenomena; to make collections of specimens illustrating the various departments of science; to name, classify, and preserve the same; to discuss such questions as shall come within the province of the association. Incorporators.-Alfred E. Ames, S. C. Gale, A. E. Johnson, William H. Leonard, C. E. Rogers, M. D. Stoneman, Charles Simpson, Adolphus F. Elliot, N. H. Winchell, A. W. Williamson, E. W. B. Harvey. First officers.-President, A. E. Johnson; vice-president, S. C. Gale; secretary, Charles Simpson; corresponding secretary, A. E. Ames; treasurer, E. W. B. Harvey; trustees, Paris Gibson, C. E. Rogers, W. H. Leonard, A. F. Elliot, O. V. Tonsley, M. D. Stoneman. Officers, 1895.-President, H. L. Osborne; vice-president, W. X. Sudduth; secretary, C. W. Hall; corresponding secretary, Charles P. Berkey; treasurer, Edw. C. Yale; trustees, C. W. Hall, Thomas S. Roberts, Verdun Truesdell, W. H. Leonard, T. B. Walker, H. V. Winchell. PUBLICATIONS. Bulletin, Vol. I, 1874-1879; Vol. II, 1880-1885; Vol. III, 1889-1891. 8vo. |