woman until she died. The three children, through inherited scrofula and from impoverished blood from want of proper care, clothing, and sufficient food, were a mass of sores and running ulcers from head to foot. These children were nursed by Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe as tenderly as if they were their own; the offensive sores were dressed and the children doctored until their sores were largely healed, and they are becoming healthy and vigorous; and now the Russian Greek priest, who would do nothing to help the dying mother and starving children, is very active in trying to get the children out of the home and force them back to their former miserable condition. This priest has since been removed by the bishop.

A mother died, leaving a young babe. The father, unable to properly care for it, and being compelled to go off hunting work for a living, intrusted the babe to some of the relatives of the mother, but like so many others of that class of people, they had their occasional spells of drinking and carousals. Upon returning home the father found his child in a dying condition, and, through neglect, covered with sores and ulcers. The sixteen-months-old babe was taken by Mr. Roscoe and placed in the home where it was a very great care, but through judicious treatment and constant attention it is becoming healthy and is doing well.

Last winter a man at Unga was accidentally shot while hunting and his family was left entirely destitute; the widow, unable to clothe and feed her three little children, sent the two older ones to Mr. Roscoe and wanted to send her babe also, but it was too young to be received.

Two boys, hoodlums, were sent there from Unga, both covered with sores; the leg of one was swollen to double its normal size, and the ulcers discharged a cupfull at a time. Both these offensive cases were treated and relieved by Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe. A boy received from Dutch Harbor was so covered with sores and ulcers from head to foot that his limbs and body had to be bandaged; these bandages were changed every twenty-four hours, and in order to get the old bandages off it was necessary to put the boy in a bath tub and soak them off; his condition was so offensive that he had to be kept in a room by himself. Under the treatment of Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe his sores are healing up and his flesh commences to show a healthy condition.

Two small boys were left orphans and were cared for by a white man who was their uncle. After a while he made out papers transferring the children to the orphanage until they should become 18 years of age. A drunken relative of the boys' deceased mother made so bitter a fight that the boys have so far been prevented from entering the home where they would be well clothed and properly educated, but are left to run wild, with insufficient clothing, and almost constantly hungry.

PRESBYTERIANS.

In addition to the industrial training school at Sitka the Presbyterians have successful boarding and home schools at Haines, Juneau, and Jackson. No reports. Haines has 4 missionaries, Juneau 5, and Jackson 5.

FRIENDS.

The Friends have boarding and home schools at Douglass and Kake. No reports. Statistics of education in Alaska.

General agent of education for Alaska, Dr. Sheldon Jackson, Alaska, $1,200; assistant agent of education for Alaska, William Hamilton, Pennsylvania, $1,200; superintendent of schools for the southeastern district, William A. Kelly, Pennsylvania, $480.

LOCAL SCHOOL COMMITTEES (WITHOUT SALARY).

Sitka, Edward de Groff, Charles D. Rodgers, John G. Brady; Juneau, Karl Koehler, John G. Heid; Douglas, P. H. Fox, Albert Anderson; Wrangel, Thomas A. Willson, Finis Cagle, W. G. Thomas; Jackson, W. D. McLeod, G. Loomis Gould; Metlakahtla, W. Duncan, D. J. Leask; Kadiak, N. Kashevaroff, F. Sargent, H. P. Cope; Unga, C. M. Dederick, M. Dowd, George Levitt; Unalaska, L. R. Woodward, N. B. Anthony.

TEACHERS AND EMPLOYEES IN CONTRACT SCHOOLS.

Metlakahtla.-William Duncan, Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Weesner.

Bethel.-John H. Kilbuck, Mrs. J. H. Kilbuck, Benjamin Helmick, Mrs. B. Helmick, Miss Mary Mack, and George Nokochluk (native).

Carmel.-F. E. Wolff, Mrs. F. E. Wolff, John Schvechert, Mrs. J. Schvechert, Miss Mary Huber, and Miss Emma Huber.

Sitka Industrial Training School.-Rev. L. F. Jones, Rev. A. E. Austin, R. A. Clarke, Miss Nellie Covert, Mrs. A. E. Austin, Mrs. Margaret C. Wade, Miss Hattie E. Weaver, Mrs. Matilda K. Paul (native), Mrs. Ella C. Heizer, Mrs. Margaret A. Saxman, Mrs. Sadie L. Wallace, Miss Essie Gibson, A. T. Simson, Mrs. A. T. Simson, J. A. Shields, John E. Gamble, Willie Wells (native), B. K. Wilbur, M. D., Mrs. Adelia H. Carter, U. P. Shull.

Hoonah.-Rev. John W. McFarland, Mrs. J. W. McFarland, and Mrs. Mary E.

Howell.

Point Barrow.-T. E. Beaupre, M. D.

Koserefski.-Holy Cross boarding school; superintendent, Rev. P. Tosi; assistants, Revs. A. Robaut, Fr. Barnum, Fr. Monroe; industrial teachers, Marchisio, J. T. Sullivan, J. Negro, and nine sisters.

Unalaklik. Rev. A. E. Karlson, Mr. David Johnson, Miss Hanna Svenson, Miss Malvina Johnson.

Yakutat. Rev. A. J. Hendrickson, Rev. Albin Johnson, Mrs. Albin Johnson, Miss Selma Peterson.

TEACHERS IN PRIVATE AND CHURCH SCHOOLS.

Point Hope (Protestant Episcopal).-J. B. Driggs, M. D.

Anvik (Protestant Episcopal).-Rev. J. W. Chapman, Mrs. J. W. Chapman, Miss Mary V. Glenton, M. D., Miss Bertha W. Sabine.

Fort Adams.-Rev. J. L. Prevost.

Golovin Bay (Swedish Evangelical).-Rev. August Anderson, Rev. N. O. Hultberg, Mrs. N. O. Hultberg, Mr. Frank Kameroff (native assistant).

Nulato (Roman Catholic).—St. Peter Claver day school; Rev. William Judge, superintendent; assistants, Rev. A. Ragaru, C. Giorano, and J. Rosati.

Cape Vancouver (Roman Catholic.)-Rev. J. Treca and Rev. A. Parodi; assistants, B. Cunningham and J. Twohig.

Ugavig (Moravian).-Rev. Ernest L. Weber, Mrs. E. L. Weber, Miss Philippone Ring; David Skuviuk (native assistant teacher).

Wood Island (Baptist).-Rev. Wesley E. Roscoe, Mrs. W. E. Roscoe, Miss C. C. Cur

rant.

Douglas (Friends).-J. E. Connett, M. D., Charles N. Reploge, Mrs. C. N. Reploge, and Sybil Hanson.

Kake (Friends).-Silas E. Moon, Mrs. S. E. Moon.

Haines (Presbyterian).-Rev. W. W. Warne, Miss Frances H. Willard, Miss Anna May Sheets, Miss Mary A. Cadenhead.

Fort Wrangel (Presbyterian).-Rev. Clarence Thwing, Mrs. Clarence Thwing. Jackson (Presbyterian).-Rev. J. Loomis Gould, Mrs. R. R. Gould, Miss Mollie E. Gould, Mrs. A. R. McFarland, Miss Christeana Baker, Frank P. Loomis, Mrs. Frank P. Loomis.

Juneau (Presbyterian).-Rev. S. H. King, Rev. E. S. Willard, Miss Susan Davis, Miss Bessie L. Matthews, Miss Mollie E. Gould, Miss Etta R. Berk, Mrs. E. S. Willard.

ITINERARY.

Leaving Washington City on the 16th of April, I reached San Francisco on the 24th. After arranging for the transportation of the Lap colony to the reindeer station in Alaska, and also of the supplies for that station, I left San Francisco on the evening of the 25th and joined the United States revenue-cutter Bear at Seattle, Wash., on the 28th. Under instructions from Washington, the Bear got under way for Sitka on the 5th of May. The trip up the coast was a rough and stormy one; snow squalls were encountered almost every day. On the morning of May 10, off Dixon's Entrance, in a driving snowstorm, the gale became so severe as to split the fore-staysail, carry away the grips of the third cutter, and deluge the galley with water. At the same time the wheel ropes parted and the ship had to lie to; the sea was so rough that no attempt was made to set the table in the captain's cabin, but we took our meals in our hands in the pilot house as best we could.

Dixon's Entrance was named for Capt. George Dixon, commanding the English ship Queen Charlotte, which visited this region between 1775-76. The straits, however, had been discovered by Capt. Juan Perez, of the Spanish expedition of 1774. The first white man to navigate these waters was Captain Douglass, in the Iphigenia, in 1789. These waters mark the boundary line between British Columbia and Alaska.

Crossing the mouth of Dixon's Entrance, we were again in American waters-in Alaska-the region of the celebrated exploring expeditions of a century ago.

In 1741 Vitus Bering, in the St. Peter, reached as far eastward along the coast of Alaska as Kayak Island and looked upon the glories of Mount St. Elias. The same season his second in command, Alexei Chirikof, in the St. Paul, reached the region of Sitka and Cape Prince of Wales Island. The discoveries of Bering and Chirikof, together with their report of the abundance of furs, set the merchants of Siberia wild with excitement. As in later days, there was a rush to the newly discovered gold fields of California, so in Siberia more than sixty companies were organized to gather in the harvest of furs. Unwilling to await the proper construction of seagoing vessels, flatboats and small schooners were hastily constructed of hewn planks lashed together with raw-hide thongs-vessels that would float in fair weather but were unable to hold together in storms. In these frail crafts expedition after expedition followed one another in rapid succession and the half of them were lost, but those that did return in safety with a fair cargo divided profits of from $1,500 to $3,000 per man.

In the eager search for furs new sections were visited, until the whole southern coast from Attou to Sitka became known. Among these early adventurers were Capt. Emilian Bassof, 1743 (the first white man to land on the island of Attou); Mikhail Nevodchikof, 1745; Andrei Tolstykh, 1747; Nicofor Trapeznikof, 1749; Emilian Yugof, 1750; Peter Bashnakf, Feodor Kholodilof, and Simeon Krassilnikof, 1753; Radion Durnef, 1755; Andrei Tolfstykh, 1756; Ivan Shilkin, 1757; Stepan Glotlof, Demetri Paikof, 1758; Gerassim Pribylof, Grigor Shelikof, Alexander Baranof, Lastochkin Lebedef, Ferdinand P. Wrangell, aud hundreds of others of lesser note. These trading expeditions were supplemented by explorations under the auspices of the Russian Government and Russian-American companies.

In 1778 the Trekh Sviatiteli, in command of Masters Ismailof and Bocharof of the Imperial navy, was dispatched by Shelikof in search of new lands to the eastward of Kadiak, Capt. Joseph Billings, commanding the Slava Rossie (Glory of Russia), was sent in 1790 on a secret "Astronomical and geographical expedition for navigating the frozen sea, describing its coasts, and ascertaining the situation of the islands in the seas between the two continents of Asia and America."

On the 7th of August, 1803, Lieutenant Krusenstern, in the Nadeshda, and Uri Lisiansky, in the Nera, sailed from Kronstadt with a party of scientists (among them being the naturalist, Langsdorf), a force of shipwrights and skilled workmen for shipbuilding, supplies of charts, instruments, and nautical works. In April, 1804, the two ships rounded Cape Horn. In June they visited the Sandwich Islands, where they separated, the Nadeshda proceeding to Petropavlovsk in Kamchatka, and Captain Lisiansky in the Neva continuing on to Alaska, arriving at Kadiak on the 13th of July, 1804, the first Russian expedition to visit Alaska around Cape Horn.

Otto von Kotzebue, commanding the brig Rurik, sailed from Petropavlovsk in the summer of 1816 in search of a "northwest passage." He was accompanied by the scientists, Chamisso and Wormskloid, Dr. Escholtz, and Artist Choris. Passing through Bering Strait and discovering a large inlet to the eastward, he rejoiced to believe that he had found the long looked-for passage. On August 1, 1816, he entered the new sound with the Rurik only to find a few days later his mistake.

In 1822 Captains Khramchenco and Etholin, and Master Vassilaief, in the brig Golovnin, and schooner Baranof, made a detailed survey of the Alaska coast of Bering Sea from Bristol Bay to the mouth of the Kuskokwim, and from St. Michael to Golovin Sound.

In 1827 Capt. Feodor P. Lütke, by directions of the Russian Government, made a careful survey of the northern coast of the Alaska Peninsula.

In 1828 Captain Hagemeister, in the Krotky, and Captain Stanınkovich, in the Möller, made important surveys on the coast of Bering Sea.

In 1828 Master Vassilaief, accompanied by Alexander Kolmakof, a creole, crossed the Alaska Peninsula frem Shelikof Straits via the lakes to the Kuskokwim River. During this expedition Kolmakof selected the site of a trading post, which was built in 1831, and in 1841 a redoubt named after him was built near the junction of the Kuskokwim and Kvigin rivers.

In 1830 Midshipman Etholin was placed in command of the brig Chicagof and sent to explore Norton Bay, Sledge, King, and St. Lawrence islands. Upon his return he advised the establishment of a station on Stuart Island (St. Michael).

In 1833 Lieutenant Tebenkof was sent in the sloop Ourupa to establish a trading post on Norton Sound and make explorations inland. The new post was named Mikhaielovsk. The inland explorations were committed to Andrei Glazanof, a creole. The party, with three native guides, and two sleds, each drawn by five dogs, set out on the 30th of December, 1833, and after great hardships reached as far as Anvik on the Yukon River, and Painagamute on the Kuskokwim River.

In 1838 Alexander Kashevarof, a Kadiak creole, was sent to explore the Arctic coast. Being lauded from the brig Polyfem, he continued northward in five three

holed bidarkas, reaching within 100 miles of Cape Beechey. The same year Vassili Malakhof explored the Yukon as far north as Nulato, where he built a block house. In 1842 Lieutenant Zagoskin, of the Imperial navy, explored the Kuskokwim and Yukon rivers and their tributaries.

The rapid extension of the Russian occupation of the American coast from 1743 to 1800 attracted the attention and excited the jealousy of other European nations, and especially of Spain, who looked upon Russian enroachments in the north as imperiling her interests in California. Consequently, in 1774, Capt. Juan Perez, commanding the Santiago was ordered to cruise on the North Pacific coast and take possession of new lands in the name of Spain. He reached as far north as Dixon's Entrance. The next year he was followed by Lieut. Juan Francisco de Bodega y Cuadra in the Senora, reaching the Cross Sound. On the shores of Salisbury and Bucarelli sounds wooden crosses were erected as notification of Spanish claims.

In 1779 Lieut. Ignacio Artega, commanding the Princesa and Favorita, under orders from Spain, sailed from San Blas February 11, and went westward as far as Cooks Inlet, at Nuchek, taking formal possession of the country.

In 1791 Alejandro Malaspina, commanding the corvettes Descubierta and the Atrevida, sailed May 1 from Acapulco for Prince William Sound in search of the Northwest Passage and new lands for the Crown. In 1788 an expedition in command of Alferez Eslevan Jose Martinez, consisting of the Fragata Princesa and the Paquebot San Carlos, in command of Pilot Gonzalo Lopez, was sent along the coast to the Aleutian Islands. And in 1790 Lieut Salvador Fidalgo, in the Paquebot Filipina, visited Prince William Sound and Cooks Inlet.

England, then as now, wide awake for colonial extension, followed the example of Spain and sent, in 1778, two years after the second Spanish expedition, Capt. James Cook, commanding the Resolution and the Discovery, and five years later the Discovery and the Chatham, in the command of Capt. George Vancouver; then in the present century, in search of Sir John Franklin, the expedition of the ship Blossom in 1825-1828, Capt. F. W. Beechey commanding, and in 1836-1842 the expedition of Capt. Edward Belcher.

Supplementing the Government explorations were the English trading expeditions of Capt. George Dixon in the Queen Charlotte, and Capt. Nathaniel Poetlock in the King George in 1786; Captain Hutchins in the Prince of Wales in 1787, and Capt. John Mears in the Nootka in 1789.

In 1786 France sent out an expedition consisting of the two frigates, Astrolabe and Boussole, in command of Capt. J. G. F. de la Perouse, and in 1791 Capt. Etienne Marchand, commanding the Solide.

In 1790 the Swedish Government sent to the Aleutian Islands the cruiser Mercury in charge of Captain Coxe.

American trading vessels were visiting Alaska prior to 1785, but no Government exploration was undertaken by the United States until Commander John Roger's expedition around the world in 1854-55, and of the Aleutian Islands in 1856 by the United States schooner Fenimore Cooper, in charge of Lieutenant Gibson, United States Navy.

Returning to Dixon's Entrance, the extreme southwestern point of the Alexandrian Archipelago, which we are entering, is Cape Mazon, near to which, on Kaigahnee Straits, is Jackson, a mission station of the Presbyterian Church to the Haidai tribe. Here in 1881 I established a mission school with Mr. J. E. Chapman as lay teacher.' In 1882 he was replaced by Rev. J. Loomis Gould and family, who have faithfully held the fort until the present. Mr. Gould has built up a church of 90 members, and Mrs. A. R. McFarland, under the auspices of the Woman's Executive Committee of Home Missions, a mission home. The day school established by the church in 1881 was, in 1885, turned over to the Government.

Steaming northward along the bleak and snow-covered mountains of Prince of Wales Island, we pass the small outlying Forrester Island, named in 1774 by Perez as Santa Christina, and by Cuadra as San Blas. Wolf Rock Island and Cape Bartolome are reached all unseen in the storm, and we are off Bucareli, which, with Kasaan Bay, almost cuts Prince of Wales Island in two. This large sound seems to have been a favorite with the early Spanish exploring parties. On the 24th of August, 1775, the expedition under Cuadra, being greatly impressed with the location and character of the sound, sent a party on shore, who, after erecting a large wooden cross and celebrating a solemn high mass, took possession for Spain with waving banners and discharge of musketry. The waters were called Bucareli Sound. In 1779 Lieutenant Artega visited the sound and repeated the solemnities of taking possession. In connection with Cuadra, who was second in command, they made a complete survey of the sound, which survey is the best that has thus far been made. This accounts for the Spanish nomenclature on the charts. The next visit of the Spanish was in 1792, when Lieut. Jacinto Caamano in the frigate Aranzazu, came searching for the Northwest Passage.

In the northeast corner of the sound is the small fishing station of Klawak, Here ED 94-93