does destroy his subjects, the father of his coun- booksellers. For this reason, when my try does murder his people. Fortune is so much take a survey of my library, they are ve the pursuit of mankind, that all glory and honor surprised to find upon the shelf of folios, is in the power of a prince, because he has the band-boxes standing upright among m distribution of their fortunes. It is therefore the till I let them see that they are both of th inadvertency, negligence, or guilt, of princes to with deep erudition and abstruse liter let anything grow into custom which is against might likewise mention a paper-kite, fron their laws. A court can make fashion and duty have received great improvement; and a walk together; it can never, without the guilt of which I would not exchange for all the b a court, happen that it shall not be unfashionable Great Britain. This my inquisitive te to do what is unlawful. But, alas! in the do- rather impertinent humor of prying inte minions of Pharamond, by the force of a tyrant of writing, with my natural aversion to 1 custom, which is misnamed a point of honor, the gives me a good deal of employment whe duelist kills his friend whom he loves; and the any house in the country; for I cannc judge condemns the duelist while he approves heart leave a room before I have thoroug his behavior. Shame is the greatest of all evils; ied the walls of it, and examined the seve what avail laws, when death only attends the ed papers which are usually pasted up breach of them, and shame obedience to them? The last piece that I met with upon this As for me, O Pharamond, were it possible to de- gave me most exquisite pleasure. My re scribe the nameless kinds of compunctions and think I am not serious, when I acquaint tendernesses I feel, when I reflect upon the little the piece I am going to speak of was th accidents in our former familiarity, my mind lad of the Two Children in the Wood, swells into sorrow which cannot be resisted one of the darling songs of the commo enough to be silent in the presence of Pharamond. and has been the delight of most Engli (With that he fell into a flood of tears, and wept some part of their age. aloud.) Why should not Pharamond hear the anguish he only can relieve others from in time to come? Let him hear from me, what they feel who have given death by the false mercy of his administration, and form to himself the vengeance called for by those who have perished by his negligence.' R. No. 85.] THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1711. HOR., Ars. Poet., ver. 319. When the sentiments and manners please, This song is a plain simple copy of na titute of the helps and ornaments of tale of it is a pretty tragical story, and f no other reason but because it is a copy There is even a despicable simplicity in and yet, because the sentiments appea and unaffected, they are able to move th the most polite reader with inward m humanity and compassion. The incide out of the subject, and are such as are proper to excite pity; for which reason narration has something in it very mo withstanding the author of it (whoeve has delivered it in such an abject phrase ness of expression, that the quoting would look like a design of turning it int But though the language is mean, the as I have before said, from one end to are natural, and therefore cannot fail those who are not judges of language It is the custom of the Mahometans, if they see who notwitstanding they are judges of any written or printed paper upon the ground, to have a true and unprejudiced taste of na take it up and lay it aside carefully, as not know-condition, speech, and behavior, of ing but it may contain some portion of their Alcoran. I must confess I have so much of the Mussulman in me, that I cannot forbear looking into every printed paper which comes in my way, under whatsoever despicable circumstances it may appear; for as no mortal author, in the ordinary fate and vicissitude of things, knows to what use his works may sometime or other be applied, man may often meet with very celebrated names in a paper of tobacco. I have lighted my pipe more than once with the writings of a prelate; and know a friend of mine, who, for these several years, has converted the essays of a man of quality into a kind of fringe for his candlesticks. I remember in particular, after having read over a poem of an eminent author on a victory, I met with several fragments of upon the next rejoicing day, which had been employed in squibs and crackers, and by that means celebrated its subject in a double capacity. I once met with a page of Mr. Baxter under a Christmas-pie. Whether or no the pastrycook had made use of it through chance or waggery, for the defense of that superstitious viande, I know not; but upon the perusal of it, I conceived so good an idea of the author's piety, that I bought the whole book. I have often profited by these accidental readings, and have sometimes found very curious pieces that are either out of print, or not to be met with in the shops of our London parents, with the age, innocence, and d In careless slumbers bound, most refined writers of our present age who are of the same humor. Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, lumine læsus: I might likewise refer my reader to Moliere's thoughts on this subject, as he expressed them in the character of the Misanthrope; but those only who are endowed with a true greatness of soul and genius, can divest themselves of the little I have seen a very ingenious author on this images of ridicule, and admire nature in her sim- subject, who founds his speculations on the suppoplicity and nakedness. As for the little con- sition, that as a man hath in the mould of his face ceited wits of the age, who can only show their a remote likeness to that of an ox, a sheep, a lion, judgment by finding fault, they cannot be sup-a hog, or any other creature; he hath the same posed to admire these productions which have resemblance in the frame of his mind, and is subnothing to recommend them but the beauties of ject to those passions which are predominant in nature, when they do not know how to relish the creature that appears in his countenance. Ac even those compositions that, with all the beauties cordingly he gives the prints of several faces that of nature, have also the additional advantages of are of a different mould, and by a little overart.-L. charging the likeness, discovers the figures of these several kinds of brutal faces in human features.* I remember, in the life of the famous Prince of Condé, the writer observes, the face of that prince was like the face of an eagle, and that prince was very well pleased to be told so. In this case therefore we may be sure, that he had in his mind some general implicit motion of this art of physiognomy which I have just now mentioned; and that when his courtiers told him his face was made like an eagle's, he understood them in the same manner as if they had told him, there was something in his looks, which showed him to be strong, active, piercing, and of a royal descent. Whether or no the different motions of the animal spirits, in different passions, may have any effect upon the mould of the face when the lineaments are pliable and tender, or whether the same kind of souls require the same kind of habitations, I shall leave to the consideration of the curious. In the meantime I think nothing can be more glorious than for a man to give the lie to his face, and to be an honest, just, good-natured man, in spite of all those marks and signatures which nature seems to have set upon him for the contrary. This very often happens among those who, instead of being exasperated by their own looks, or envying the looks of others, apply themselves entirely to the cultivating of their minds, and getting those beauties which are more lasting, and more ornamental. I have seen many an amiable piece of deformity; and have observed a certain cheerfulness in as bad a system of features as ever was clapped together, which hath appeared more lovely than all the blooming charms of an insolent beauty. There is a double praise due to virtue, when it is lodged in a body that seems to have been prepared for the reception of vice; in many such cases the soul and body do not seem to be fellows. No. 86.] FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1711. Heu quam difficile est crimen non prodere vultu! OVID, Met. ii, 447. How in the looks does conscious guilt appear.-ADDISON. THERE are several arts, which all men are in some measure masters of, without having been at the pains of learning them. Every one that speaks or reasons is a grammarian and a logician, though he may be wholly unacquainted with the rules of grammar or logic, as they are delivered in books and systems. In the same manner, every one is in some degree a master of that art which is generally distinguished by the name of Physiognomy: and naturally forms to himself the character or fortune of a stranger, from the features and lineaments of his face. We are no sooner presented to any one we never saw before, but we are immediately struck with the idea of a proud, a reserved, an affable, or good-natured man; and upon our first going into a company of strangers, our benevolence or aversion, awe or contempt, rises naturally toward several particular persons, before we have heard them speak a single word, or so much as know who they are. Every passion gives a particular cast to the countenance, and is apt to discover itself in some feature or other. I have seen an eye curse for half an hour together, and an eyebrow call a man a scoundrel. Nothing is more common than for lovers to complain, resent, languish, despair, and die, in dumb-show. For my own part, I am so apt to frame a notion of every man's humor or circumstances by his looks, that I have sometimes employed myself from Charing Cross to the Royal Exchange, in drawing the characters of those who have passed by me. When I see a man with a sour riveled face, I cannot forbear pitying his wife and when I meet with an open ingenuous countenance, think on the happiness of his friends, his family, and relations. Socrates was an extraordinary instance of this nature. There chanced to be a great physiognomist in his time at Athens, who had made strange discoveries of men's tempers and inclinations by their outward appearances. Socrates' disciples, I cannot recollect the author of a famous saying that they might put this artist to the trial, carried to a stranger, who stood silent in his company, him to their master, whom he had never seen be"Speak, that I may see thee." But, with sub-fore, and did not know he was then in company mission, I think we may be better known by our looks than by our words, and that a man's speech is much more easily disguised than his countenance. In this case, however, I think the air of the whole face is much more expressive than the lines of it. The truth of it is, the air is generally nothing else but the inward disposition of the mind made visible. Those who have established physiognomy into an art, and laid down rules of judging men's tempers by their faces, have regarded the features much more than the air Martial has a pretty epigram on this subject: with him. After a short examination of his face, the physiognomist pronounced him the most lewd, libidinous, drunken old fellow that he had ever met with in his whole life. Upon which the disciples all burst out a-laughing, as thinking they had detected the falsehood and vanity of his art But Socrates told them, that the principles of his art might be very true, notwithstanding his pre sent mistake; for that he himself was naturally *This doubtless refers to Baptista della Porta's famous book De Humana Physiognomia; which has run through many editions, both in Latin and Italian. He died in 1615. inclined to those particular vices which the phy-gine these little considerations and coq siognomist had discovered in his countenance, could have the ill consequences I find the but that he had conquered the strong disposi-by the following letters of my correspon tions he was born with, by the dictates of phi- where it seems beauty is thrown into the ac losophy.* in matters of sale, to those who receive no from the charmers. "MR. SPECTATOR, Jur We are indeed told by an ancient author,+ that Socrates very much resembled Silenus in his face; which we find to have been very rightly observed from the statues and busts of both, that are still "After I have assured you I am in every 1 extant; as well as on several antique seals and one of the handsomest young girls about t precious stones, which are frequently enough to need be particular in nothing but the make be met with in the cabinets of the curious. But face, which has the misfortune to be exactly however observations of this nature may some-This I take to proceed from a temper that times hold, a wise man should be particularly rally inclines me both to speak and hear. cautious how he gives credit to a man's outward "With this account you may wonder how appearance. It is an irreparable injustice we are have the vanity to offer myself as a cand guilty of toward one another, when we are pre-which I now do, to the society where the S judiced by the looks and features of those whom tor and Hecatissa have been admitted with so we do not know. How often do we conceive applause. I don't want to be put in min hatred against a person of worth, or fancy a man very defective I am in everything that is to be proud or ill-natured by his aspect, whom we I am too sensible of my own unworthiness think we cannot esteem too much when we are particular, and therefore I only propose my acquainted with his real character? Dr. Moore, à foil to the club. in his admirable System of Ethics, reckons this particular inclination to take a prejudice against a man for his looks, among the smaller vices in morality, and, if I remember, gives it the name of a "prosopolepsia."-L. No. 87.] SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1711. -Nimium ne crede colori.-VIRG., Ecl. ii, 17. Trust not too much to an enchanting face.-DRYDEN. It has been the purpose of several of my speculations to bring people to an unconcerned behavior, with relation to their persons, whether beautiful or defective. As the secrets of the Ugly club were exposed to the public, that men might see there were some noble spirits in the age who are not at all displeased with themselves upon considerations which they have no choice in; so the discourse concerning Idols tended to lessen the value people put upon themselves from personal advantages and gifts of nature. As to the latter species of mankind-the beauties, whether male or female-they are generally the most untractable people of all others. You are so excessively perplexed with the particularities in their behavior, that to be at ease, one would be apt to wish there were no such creatures. They expect so great allowances, and give so little to others, that they who have to deal with them find, in the main, a man with a better person than ordinary, and a beautiful woman, might be very happily changed for such to whom nature has been less liberal. The handsome fellow is usually so much a gentleman, and the fine woman has something so becoming, that there is no enduring either of them. It has therefore been generally my choice to mix with cheerful ugly creatures, rather than gentlemen who are graceful enough to omit or to do what they please, or beauties who have charms enough to do and say what would be disobliging in any but themselves. Diffidence and presumption, upon account of our persons, are equally faults; and both arise from the want of knowing, or rather endeavoring to know ourselves, and for what we ought to be valued or neglected. But indeed I did not ima "You see how honest I have been to conf my imperfections, which is a great deal to from a woman, and what I hope you will e age with the favor of your interest. "There can be no objection made on th of the matchless Hecatissa, since it is cer shall be in no danger of giving her the leas sion of jealousy; and then a joint stool very lowest place at the table is all the hon is coveted by 66 Your most humble and obedient servan "ROSALIN "Upon reading your late dissertation co ing idols, I cannot but complain to you tha are, in six or seven places of this city, houses kept by persons of that sisterhood. idols sit and receive all day long the adorat the youth within such and such distric know, in particular, goods are not entered a ought to be at the custom-house, nor law perused at the temple, by reason of one who detains the young merchants too lon 'Change, and another fair one who keeps t dents at her house when they should be at It would be worth your while to see how th aters alternately offer incense to their idol what heart-burnings arise in those who w their turn to receive kind aspects from thos thrones which all the company, but these call the bars. I saw a gentleman turn as ashes, because an idol turned the sugar in dish for his rival, and carelessly called the to serve him, with a Sirrah! why don't y the gentleman the box to please himself? tain it is, that a very hopeful young man ken with leads in his pockets below-bridge he intended to drown himself, because h would wash the dish in which she had b drunk tea, before she would let him use it. "I am, Sir, a person past being amoro do not give this information out of envy ousy, but I am a real sufferer by it. These take anything for tea and coffee; I saw of terday surfeit to make his court! and rivals, at the same time, loud in the com tion of liquors that went against everybody This honest gentleman, who is so desirous that deal of reason for his resentment; and I know no evil which touches all mankind so much as this of the misbehavior of servants. room that was not in love. While these young | fellows resign their stomachs with their hearts, I should write a satire upon grooms, has a great and drink at the idol in this manner, we who come to do business or talk politics are utterly poisoned. They have also drams for those who are more enamored than ordinary; and it is very common for such as are too low in constitution to ogle the idol upon the strength of tea, to fluster themselves with warmer liquors: thus all pretenders advance as fast as they can to a fever or a diabetes. I must repeat to you, that I do not look with an evil eye upon the profit of the idols or the diversions of the lovers; what I hope from this remonstrance, is only that we plain people may not be served as if we were idolaters; but that from the time of publishing this in your paper, the idols would mix ratsbane only for their admirers, and take more care of us who don't love them. "I am, Sir, yours, R. "T. T." The complaint of this letter runs wholly upon men-servants; and I can attribute the licentiousness which has at present prevailed among them, to nothing but what a hundred before me have ascribed it to the custom of giving board-wages. This one instance of false economy is sufficient to debauch the whole nation of servants, and makes them as it were but for some part of their time in that quality. They are either attending in places where they meet and run into clubs, or else, if they wait at taverns, they eat after their masters, and reserve their wages for other occasions. From hence it arises, that they are but in a lower de gree what their masters themselves are; and usu ally affect an imitation of their manners: and you have in liveries, beaux, fops and coxcombs, in as high perfection as among people that keep equipages. It is a common humor among the retinue of the people of quality, when they are in their revels-that is, when they are out of their masters' sight to assume in a humorous way the names and titles of those whose liveries they wear. By which means, characters and distinctions become so familiar to them, that it is to this, among other causes, one may impute a certain insolence among our servants, that they take no notice of any gentleman, though they know him ever so well, except he is an acquaintance of their master. "I have no small value for your endeavors to lay before the world what may escape their observation, and yet highly conduces to their service. You have, I think, succeeded very well on many subjects; and seem to have been conversant in My obscurity and taciturnity leave me at liberty, very different scenes of life. But in the consider- without scandal, to dine, if I think fit, at a comations of mankind, as a Spectator, you should not mon ordinary, in the meanest as well as the most omit circumstances which relate to the inferior sumptuous house of entertainment. Falling in part of the world, any more than those which the other day at a victualling-house near the house concern the greater. There is one thing in par- of peers, I heard the maid come down and tell ticular, which I wonder you have not touched the landlady at the bar, that my lord bishop upon-and that is the general corruption of man- swore he would throw her out at the window, if ners in the Servants of Great Britain. I am a she did not bring up more mild beer, and that my man that have traveled and seen many nations, lord duke would have a double mug of purl. but have for seven years last past resided con- My surprise was increased, in hearing loud and stantly in London or within twenty miles of it. rustic voices speak and answer to each other In this time I have contracted a numerous ac- upon the public affairs, by the names of the most quaintance among the best sort of people, and illustrious of our nobility; till of a sudden one have hardly found one of them happy in their came running in, and cried the house was rising. servants. This is matter of great astonishment Down came all the company together, and away! to foreigners, and all such as have visited foreign | The ale-house was immediately filled with clamor, countries; especially since we cannot but observe, that there is no part of the world where servants have those privileges and advantages as in Eng. land. They have nowhere else such plentiful diet, large wages, or indulgent liberty. There is no place where they labor less, and yet where they are so little respectful, more wasteful, more negligent, or where they so frequently change their masters. To this I attribute, in a great measure, the frequent robberies and losses which we suffer on the high-road and in our own houses. That indeed which gives me the present thought of this kind is, that a careless groom of mine has spoiled me the prettiest pad in the world with only riding him ten miles, and I assure you, if I were to make a register of all the horses I have known thus abused by the negligence of servants, the number would mount a regiment. I wish you would give us your observations, that we may know how to treat these rogues, or that we masters may enter into measures to reform them. Pray give us a speculation in general about servants, and you make me, "Yours, "PHILO-BRITANNICUS." "P. S. Pray do not omit the mention of grooms in particular." and scoring one mug to the marquis of such a place, oil and vinegar to such an earl, three quarts to my new lord for wetting his title, and so forth. It is a thing too notorious to mention the crowds of servants, and their insolence, near the courts of justice, and the stairs toward the supreme assembly, where there is a universal mockery of all order, such riotous clamor and licentious confusion, that one would think the whole nation lived in jest, and that there were no such thing as rule and distinction among us. The next place of resort, wherein the servile world are let loose, is at the entrance of Hydepark, while the gentry are at the ring. Hither people bring their lackeys out of state, and here it is that all they say at their tables, and act in their houses, is communicated to the whole town. There are men of wit in all conditions of life; and mixing with these people at their diversions, I have heard coquettes and prudes as well rallied, and insolence and pride exposed (allowing for their want of education) with as much humor and good sense, as in the politest companies. It is a general observation, that all dependents run in some measure into the manners and behavior of those whom they serve. You shall frequently meet with lovers and men of intriguo among the lackeys as well as at White's or in the side-boxes. | Caroli secundi, before he had been a twelve I remember some years ago an instance of this at the Temple; that he prosecuted it for kind. A footman to a captain of the guards years after he was called to the bar; that a used frequently, when his master was out of the way, to carry on amours and make assignations in his master's clothes. The fellow had a very good person, and there are very many women who think no farther than the outside of a gentleman: beside which he was almost as learned a man as the colonel himself: I say, thus qualified, the fellow could scrawl billets-doux so well, and furnish a conversation on the common topics, that he had, as they call it, a great deal of business on his hands. It happened one day, that coming down a tavern stairs, in his master's fine guard coat, with a well-dressed woman masked, he met the colonel coming up with other company; but with ready assurance he quitted his lady, came up to him, and said, "Sir, I know you have too much respect for yourself to cane me in this honorable habit. But you see there is a lady in the case, and on that score also you will put off your anger till I have told you all another time." After a little pause the colonel cleared up his countenance, and with an air of familiarity whispered to his man apart, "Sirrah, bring the lady with you to ask pardon for you:" then aloud, "Look to it, Will, I'll never forgive you else." The fellow went back to his mistress, and telling her with a loud voice and an oath, that was the honestest fellow in the world, conveyed her to a hackneycoach. But the many irregularities committed by servants in the places above-mentioned, as well as in theaters, of which masters are generally the occasions, are too various not to need being resumed on another occasion.-R. No. 89.] TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 1711. -Petite hinc, juvenesque senesque, CORN. Unhappy he, who does this work adjourn, His lazy morrow will be like to-day. PERS. But is one day of ease too much to borrow? CORN. Yes, sure; for yesterday was once to-morrow. That yesterday is gone, and nothing gain'd; And all thy fruitless days will thus be drain'd; For thou hast more to-morrows yet to ask, And wilt be ever to begin thy task; Who, like the hindmost chariot-wheels, are curst, Still to be near, but ne'er to reach the first.-DRYDEN. As MY correspondents upon the subject of love are very numerous, it is my design, if possible, to range them under several heads, and address myself to them at different times. The first branch of them, to whose service I shall dedicate this paper, are those that have to do with women of dilatory tempers, who are for spinning out the time of courtship to an immoderate length, without being able either to close with their lovers or to dismiss them. I have many letters by me filled with complaints against this sort of women. In one of them no less a man than a brother of the coift tells me, that he began his suit vicesimo nono sent he is a serjeant at law; and notwithsta he hoped that matters would have been long brought to an issue, the fair one still dem am so well pleased with this gentleman's p that I shall distinguish this sect of women title of Demurrers. I find by another lette one who calls himself Thyrsis, that his m has been demurring above these seven year among all my plaintiffs of this nature, I mo the unfortunate Philander, a man of a co passion and plentiful fortune, who sets fort the timorous and irresolute Sylvia has der till she is past child-bearing, Strephon a by his letter to be a very choleric lover, irrevocably smitten with one that demurs self-interest. He tells me with great passio she has bubbled him out of his youth; th drilled him to five and fifty, and that he believes she will drop him in his old age, can find her account in another. I shall co this narrative with a letter from honest Sam well, a very pleasant fellow, who it seems last married a Demurrer. I must only pr that Sam, who is a very good bottle-comp has been the diversion of his friends, count of his passion, ever since the year on up sand six hundred and eighty-one. "DEAR SIR, 66 You know very well my passion for Mr tha, and what a dance she has led me. Sh me out at the age of two-and-twenty, and d with me above thirty years. I have loved she is grown as gray as a cat, and am with ado become the master of her person, suc is, at present. She is however in my eye charming old woman. We often lament t did not marry sooner, but she has nobo blame for it but herself. You know ver that she would never think of me while sl a tooth in her head. I have put the date passion (anno amoris trigesimo primo inst posy on my wedding-ring. I expect you send me a congratulatory letter, or, if you an epithalamium upon this occasion. "Mrs. Martha's and yours eternally, "SAM HOPEWE In order to banish an evil out of the worl does not only produce a great uneasiness t vate persons, but has also a very bad influe the public, I shall endeavor to show the fo demurrage, from two or three reflections w earnestly recommend to the thoughts of m readers. First of all, I would have them seriously on the shortness of their time. Life is no enough for a coquette to play all her tricks timorous woman drops into her grave befo is done deliberating. Were the age of ma same. that it was before the flood, a lady sacrifice half a century to a scruple, and years good, she might hold out to the conv or three ages in demurring. Had she nine hu of the Jews before she though fit to be pre upon. But, alas! she ought to play her p haste, when she considers that she is sudde quit the stage, and make room for others. In the second place, I would desire my readers to consider that as the term of life is that of beauty is much shorter. The fines wrinkles in a few years, and loses the st *In the Spect. in folio, and in the edit. of 1712, in 8vo., of its coloring so soon, that we have scarc this officer is styled both captain and colonel. ti. e. A serjeant at law. to admire it. I might embellish this subjec |