General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 27
... levels as a rule presuppose lower ones ( e.g. life phenomena those at the physico - chemical level , socio - cultural phenomena the level of human activity , etc. ) ; but the relation of levels requires clarification in each case ( cf ...
... levels as a rule presuppose lower ones ( e.g. life phenomena those at the physico - chemical level , socio - cultural phenomena the level of human activity , etc. ) ; but the relation of levels requires clarification in each case ( cf ...
Page 48
... levels of reality to the level of physics , but rather on the isomorphism of laws in different fields . Speaking in ... levels or realms . We come , then , to a conception which , in contrast to reduc- tionism , we may call perspectivism ...
... levels of reality to the level of physics , but rather on the isomorphism of laws in different fields . Speaking in ... levels or realms . We come , then , to a conception which , in contrast to reduc- tionism , we may call perspectivism ...
Page 87
... levels or realms . Reality , in the modern conception , appears as a tremendous hierarchical order of organized entities , leading , in a superposition of many levels , from physical and chemical to biological and sociological systems ...
... levels or realms . Reality , in the modern conception , appears as a tremendous hierarchical order of organized entities , leading , in a superposition of many levels , from physical and chemical to biological and sociological systems ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture