General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 54
... element are those which are the same within and outside the complex ; they may therefore be obtained by means of summation of characteristics and be- haviour of elements as known in isolation . Constitutive charac- teristics are those ...
... element are those which are the same within and outside the complex ; they may therefore be obtained by means of summation of characteristics and be- haviour of elements as known in isolation . Constitutive charac- teristics are those ...
Page 55
... elements standing in inter- relations . This means that elements , p , stand in relations , R , so that the behaviour of an element p in R is different from its behaviour in another relation , R ' . If the behaviours in R and R ' are ...
... elements standing in inter- relations . This means that elements , p , stand in relations , R , so that the behaviour of an element p in R is different from its behaviour in another relation , R ' . If the behaviours in R and R ' are ...
Page 67
... elements . We may call such behaviour physical summativity or independence . We may define summativity by saying that a complex can be built up , step by step , by putting together the first separate elements ; conversely , the ...
... elements . We may call such behaviour physical summativity or independence . We may define summativity by saying that a complex can be built up , step by step , by putting together the first separate elements ; conversely , the ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture