General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 38
... system theory by way of some examples . Closed and Open Systems : Limitations of Conventional Physics My first example is that of closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are ...
... system theory by way of some examples . Closed and Open Systems : Limitations of Conventional Physics My first example is that of closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are ...
Page 132
Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy. General Characteristics of Open Chemical Systems True equilibria in closed systems and stationary ' equilibria ' in open systems show a certain similarity , inasmuch as the ...
Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy. General Characteristics of Open Chemical Systems True equilibria in closed systems and stationary ' equilibria ' in open systems show a certain similarity , inasmuch as the ...
Page 168
... closed systems obtain . Closed systems generally tend toward equilibrium states in an asymptotic approach . In contrast , in open systems , phenomena of false start and overshoot may occur ( Fig . 6.2 ) . In other terms : If we find ...
... closed systems obtain . Closed systems generally tend toward equilibrium states in an asymptotic approach . In contrast , in open systems , phenomena of false start and overshoot may occur ( Fig . 6.2 ) . In other terms : If we find ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture