General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 129
... chemical equilibria in closed systems . The applicability of chemical equi- libria to , e.g. , transfer reactions is based on the fact that these are fast ionic reactions attaining equilibrium . Open chemical systems are hardly taken ...
... chemical equilibria in closed systems . The applicability of chemical equi- libria to , e.g. , transfer reactions is based on the fact that these are fast ionic reactions attaining equilibrium . Open chemical systems are hardly taken ...
Page 130
... chemistry define true chemical equilibria in closed systems . Obviously , the reaction system and reaction conditions are infinitely more complicated in organisms than in the systems usually dealt with in physical chemistry . These are ...
... chemistry define true chemical equilibria in closed systems . Obviously , the reaction system and reaction conditions are infinitely more complicated in organisms than in the systems usually dealt with in physical chemistry . These are ...
Page 132
... Chemical equilibria in closed systems are based on reversible reactions ; they are a consequence of the second principle of thermodynamics and are defined by minimum free energy . In open systems , in contrast , the steady state is not ...
... Chemical equilibria in closed systems are based on reversible reactions ; they are a consequence of the second principle of thermodynamics and are defined by minimum free energy . In open systems , in contrast , the steady state is not ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 29 |
Limitations | 38 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory homeostasis homeostatic human behaviour important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems logical Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences society sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture