Bloom into youth; for ere that day will Troy
Be overthrown, since thou, its chief defence,
Art dead, the guardian of its walls and all
Its noble matrons and its speechless babes,
Yet to be carried captives far away,
And I among them, in the hollow barks;
And thou, my son, wilt either go with me,
Where thou shalt toil at menial tasks for some
Pitiless master; or perhaps some Greek
Will seize thy little arm, and in his rage
Will hurl thee from a tower and dash thee dead,
Remembering how thy father, Hector, slew
His brother, son, or father; for the hand
Of Hector forced full many a Greek to bite
The dust of earth.

6. "Not slow to smite was he

In the fierce conflict; therefore all who dwell
Within the city sorrow for his fall.
Thou bringest an unutterable grief,
O Hector, on thy parents, and on me
The sharpest sorrows.

Thou didst not stretch forth
Thy hands to me, in dying, from thy couch,
Nor speak a word to comfort me, which I
Might ever think of night and day with tears."
So spoke the weeping wife: the women all
Mingled their wail with hers, and Hecuba
Took up the passionate lamentation next:—
7. "O Hector, thou who wert most fondly loved
Of all my sons! While yet thou wert alive,
Dear wert thou to the gods, who, even now,
When death has overtaken thee, bestow
Such care upon thee. All my other sons
Whom swift Achilles took in war, he sold
At Samos, Imbros, by the barren sea,
And Lemnos harbourless. But as for thee,
When he had taken with the cruel spear

Thy life, he dragged thee round and round the tomb Of his young friend, Patroclus, whom thy hand

Had slain, yet raised he not by this the dead;
And now thou liest in the palace here,
Fresh and besprinkled as with early dew,
Like one just slain with silent arrows, aimed
By Phoebus, bearer of the silver bow."

8. Weeping she spoke, and woke in all who heard
Grief without measure. Helen, last of all,
Took up the lamentation, and began:-

9.

"O Hector, who wert dearest of my heart
Of all my husband's brothers,--for the wife
Am I of god-like Paris, him whose fleet
Brought me to Troy-would I had sooner died!
And now the twenticth year is past since first
I came a stranger from my native shore,
Yet have I never heard from thee a word
Of anger or reproach.

"And when the sons

Of Priam, and his daughters, and the wives
Of Priam's sons, in all their fair array,
Taunted me grievously, or Hecuba
Herself, for Priam ever was to me

A gracious father, thou didst take my part
With kindly admonitions, and restrain

Their tongues with soft address and gentle words;
Therefore my heart is grieved, and I bewail
Thee and myself at once,-unhappy me!
For now I have no friend in all wide Troy,-
None to be kind to me: they hate me all.”

-From translation of Homer's Iliad, W. C. Bryant (1794–1878).

ON STUDY.

1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert

men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those who are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.

2. Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire them, and wise men use them: for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.

3. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.

4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.--Bacon (1561-1626).

CANADA.

1. Canada, an extensive territory in North America belonging to Great Britain, was formerly divided into two provinces called respectively Upper and Lower, or Western and Eastern Canada, separated by the river Ottawa. These provinces are now politically united, though still differing in laws, customs, and manners.

2. Upper Canada is characterized by a general evenness of surface. There are few great elevations, with the exception of a table ridge of considerable height which stretches south-east and north-west, forming a water-shed between Lakes Superior and Huron. Upper Canada, though much more fertile than Lower Canada, is inferior to it as

regards romantic and picturesque scenery. The physical features of the latter generally are varied and grand, consisting of boundless forests, magnificent rivers and lakes, extensive prairies, bold rocky heights, and foaming cataracts, diversified by cultivated fields, pretty villages and settlements, some of them stretching up along the mountains; fertile islands, with neat white cottages, rich pastures, and well-fed flocks. This beautiful appearance, however, changes to a very different character in winter. After a heavy fall of snow, succeeded by rain and a partial thaw, a strong frost coats the trees and all their branches with transparent ice, often an inch thick, weighing on them so heavily, that in a tempest whole forests are laid prostrate with tremendous noise and uproar. Nothing, however, can be imagined more beautiful than the effect of sunshine on the frozen boughs, where every particle of the icy crystals sparkles, and nature seems decked in diamonds.

3. The mountains of Canada are confined entirely to Lower or Eastern Canada, the elevations in the western province not attaining that dignity. The principal ranges stretch from south-west to north-east, and lie nearly parallel to each other. They consist of the Green Mountains so called from the pine forests that cover their slopes, which, from the latitude of Quebec, follow nearly the course of the St. Lawrence, on the south side of which they are situated, and terminate on the gulf of the same name. The rocky masses connected with the mountain chains that line the St. Lawrence river advance in many places close to the stream, forming precipitous cliffs frequently 200 and 300 feet high.

4. The principal rivers in Lower Canada are the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa. The St. Lawrence issues from the north-east end of Lake Ontario, and as far as 45° N. latitude it forms the boundary line between Upper Canada and the state of New York. After that point it is entirely in Lower Canada. The Ottawa, which forms the boundary between Lower and Upper Canada, falls into the St. Lawrence at Montreal, after a course pro