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At St. John's he was in the habit of catechising the children in the face of the congregation, every Wednesday and Friday, during the season of Lent, and frequently read one of the Homilies, with which the people seemed well pleased.

In 1761 he continued his course of Missionary visits, and found in the Bay of Bulls forty-five families, of which thirty-seven were Roman Catholics from Ireland, the remainder Protestant. The eleven families resident in Whitlass Bay were almost all Irish.

The following year the town and garrison of St. John's were taken by the French, and a general plunder ensued, by which Mr. Langman was a great sufferer.' But independently of these losses, which he computes at 130, his position at St. John's must have been a very hard one. The allowance of 50l. a-year, granted to him by the Society, was obviously insufficient for the decent support of a married man. A house, though promised, had never been provided for him by his congregation ; and so niggardly or inconsiderate were they, that, even for the little gratuities which he received, he was compelled "to go and beg, as a poor man would for an alms." On more than one occasion he refers with satisfaction to the absence of religious strife, and to the fact that several families of Dissenters were in the habit of joining in the public worship of the Church, and of receiving the Holy Communion. He continued to discharge the same laborious duties, till his death in 1783.

In 1766, the Rev. Lawrence Coughlan submitted to the Society a memorial from the inhabitants of Harbour Grace and Carbonear, praying that he, having for some time been resident among them, might be appointed their Missionary, 1 Journal, vol. xv. p. 249.

2 Original Letters, vol. xxii. 1. 36.

and offering a salary of 50l. towards his maintenance. Mr. Coughlan was accordingly nominated to this Mission. He had no sooner arrived, than he proceeded to establish a school for the education of poor children. In 1769, he reported, that he had the satisfaction of observing, that "drunkenness, swearing, and sabbath-breaking," had become much less frequent since his arrival, and that his congregations were very numerous, including many Irish Roman Catholics, as he was able to preach in the Irish language.

The Rev. James Balfour went as Missionary to Trinity Bay, with the outharbours of Old and New Perlican and Bonaventure, in 1765. In acknowledgment of his services, the parishioners, soon after his arrival, built him a house; but after nine years spent in this Mission, which was not less than forty leagues in circuit, he was removed to the more important station of Harbour Grace, vacant by the resignation of Mr. Coughlan, in 1773. In a letter, dated 1778, he reports, that the population of this settlement consisted of 4,462 Protestants, and 1,306 Roman Catholics. The number of communicants varied from 150 to 200.

In 1787, a memorial from the principal inhabitants of Placentia was laid before the Society, setting forth the great want of a clergyman in that settlement, and their willingness to contribute to his support. This application deserves more especially to be noted, as it was recommended by His late Majesty King William IV., who was, at the time, in command of the Pegasus, on that station, and had given the sum of fifty guineas towards the erection of the church; to which, also, he presented a handsome set of vessels, which are still used at the celebration of the Holy Communion.

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CHAPTER XVI.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Ceded to Great Britain-Settlers sent out by Board of Trade-Grants to Clergymen and Schoolmasters-Rev. W. Tutty-Rev. M. Moreau-Rev. Mr. Burger-Rev. P. Bryzelius-Rev. R. Vincent-Rev. P. De la RocheScarcity and Distress-Rev. T. Wood-Visit to Indian Tribes-Rev. J. Bennet, Coast Missionary-Rev. W. Ellis-Rev. J. Eagleson-Difference of Language and of Forms of Worship-A public Seminary at Windsor recommended-Rev. John Breynton - Statistics of Halifax,-Influx of Refugees from the States-Ejected Missionaries appointed to Nova Scotia -Bishop of Oxford's allusion to them.

NOVA SCOTIA, after having been occupied by the English and French alternately, for more than a century, was finally ceded to Great Britain, in 1713,' at the close of the war of the Spanish succession. But we shall at once proceed to the period when the first Mission was established.

In April, 1749, the Society received a communication from the Board of Trade and Plantations, to the effect that His Majesty had determined to send out a body of settlers to the province of Nova Scotia; and the Commissioners further stated, that it was proposed to settle these persons in six townships, in each of which a site for a church would be given, and 400 acres of land adjacent thereto be granted in perpetuity to a minister and his successors, and 200. acres, in like manner, to a schoolmaster. Other liberal advantages were offered, and the Society was solicited to name

1 Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia, vol. i. p. 91.

a clergyman and a schoolmaster for each of the said townships. The letter in which this wise and Christian scheme of colonization is proposed, will be found in the Appendix.' The Society determined to act at once upon the recommendation of the Lords Commissioners, and undertook on its part to appoint six Missionaries, and as many schoolmasters, according as the settlements were formed. In consequence of a statement in the letter of the Commissioners, that, with the exception of the garrison of Annapolis, all the inhabitants of Nova Scotia, amounting to 20,000, were French Roman Catholics, who were supplied with a great number of priests, under the jurisdiction of the French Bishop of Quebec, the Society urged, in reply to the Commissioners, the importance of setting apart land for the support of a Bishop of the Church of England; and expressed a hope that they would second the application which, at various times, had been made by the Society, for the appointment of Bishops in the American Colonies.

The first Missionary appointed under this arrangement was the Rev. William Tutty, of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, who went to the principal settlement of Cheducto, now named Halifax, from the nobleman who, as first Lord Commissioner of the Board of Trade, directed the settlement of the New Colony. Mr. Tutty was for some time compelled to officiate in the open air; but it was not long before a church (St. Paul's) was built, in which he preached his first sermon, September 2, 1750.2 He reports in 1752, that he had persuaded his German parishioners, both Lutheran and Calvinist, to conform to the Church of England, and had frequently administered the Holy Communion to them-several times to more than 100 2 Original Letters, vol. xi. 1. 4.

1 See Appendix, E.

at once.

He computed the entire population at about 6,000; and those who professed themselves members of the Church of England at 3,000: the actual communicants were between 500 and 600.1 At his earnest request, and on the strong recommendation of others, M. Moreau, a Roman Catholic priest, and formerly Prior of the Abbey of St. Matthew, near Brest, who had been received into communion with the Church of England, was appointed to minister to his own countrymen. But another body of settlers, who had come from Germany, required a pastor who could minister to them in their own tongue; and the Society was fortunate enough to find in Mr. Burger, a Swiss minister who had taken great pains to commend our Liturgy to his people, and who was desirous of ordination; a person well qualified for this duty, to which he was accordingly ordained.

In 1752, M. Moreau reported that 500 Protestants of the Confession of Augsburgh, recently arrived in Nova Scotia from Montbelliard, had joined themselves to the Church of England, and desired to partake of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. They received copies of the Book of Common Prayer in French with the greatest satisfaction, which they showed by kissing the books, and M. Moreau's hand as he distributed them. His congre

gation consisted of 800 adults, and 200 children.

The next year M. Moreau and the great body of Germans and French, with some few English, making in all a company of 1,600 persons, migrated from Halifax to Lunenburg, where they assembled every Sunday for Divine Service, on the parade; and more than 200 Germans and French were regular communicants. M. Moreau continued his useful labours, ministering in three languages to his

1 Original Letters, vol. xiii. 1. 5.

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