12. The noun Boûs, “an or," makes Boòs in the genitive, Bouv in the accusative; and in the plural, nom. Bóes, contracted βους, dative βουσί, accusative βόας, contr. βους. 13. The declension of Zeus is also peculiar. Thus, N. Zevs G. Ζηνός and Διὸς 14. Under the head of anomalies in declension may be ranked the very peculiar paragogic ending in p or p This is of very common occurrence in epic poetry, and is used instead of the ordinary dative or genitive singular. The rules that control it are as follows: 1. In the first declension, nouns in ʼn throw away the σ of the genitive; as from evvns is formed evvnov. The dative, however, appends φιν or φι at once ; as, εὐνῇ, εὐνῇφιν. 2. If the noun end in os or ov, the o alone remains before pu or pi; while in those in os, which make the genitive in eos, contr. ovs, the form es (or evs, the Ionic contraction from cos) enters. Thus we have from στρατοῦ the form στρατόφιν ; from ἔρεβος, gen. ἐρέβεος, contr. -ous, the form ἐρέβευσφιν ; from στῆθος, gen. στήθεος, contr. στήθους, the form στήθεσφιν. DEFECTIVE NOUNS. 1. Defective nouns are such as cannot, from their very nature, occur in more than one number. Thus, oi ẻτnσίαι, "the etesian winds;" rà Aiovúσia, » τὰ Διονύσια, " the festival of Bacchus." 2. Some again are only employed in the nominative and accusative; as, the neuters, ovap, vision;" dépas," a body." 66 66 a dream;" vaρ, “а 3. Others are only used in the nominative; as, opeλos, "advantage; "dos, "benefit." 66 3 Tàv, "O thou." Or in the vocative; as, 4. Many from having been nouns have become adverbs, in consequence of their being employed in only one particular case; as, éπíкλŋν, “by name." INDECLINABLE NOUNS. 1. Under this are ranked most of the cardinal numbers; as, tévte, “five ;” è§, “six;” Éπтà, “seven,” &c. 2. The names of the letters; as, apa, ßñтa, &c. 3. The neuter participle rò xpeùv, from the impersonal χρή. 4. The noun Oéus, when it occurs in the formula féμis ἐστί. DIALECTS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 1. The Æolians said πολυπον for πολύπουν, the accusative of πολύπους. They also employed γέλον for γέλωτα, the accusative of γέλως ; and ἥρων for ήρως. 2. The Æolians said Zaroos, Ant@s, in the nominative, instead of Σαπφώ, Λητώ. 3. The Æolians frequently employ the termination eus instead of ns; as, "Apeus for "Apns: and form the oblique cases as follows: gen. "Apevos; dat. "Apevi; acc. "Apeva. The nominative in evs sometimes occurs also in Doric; as, Evundevs, Theocrit. 5. 134. 4. The Eolians and Dorians use, in the genitive singular, the termination eus instead of eos ; as, θάμβους for θάμβεος. So, also, eus for έως ; as, Αχιλλεύς for ̓Αχιλλέως. 5. The Æolians say Zwkpárov in the genitive, instead of Σωκράτους ; and in the vocative, Σώκρατε. Hence Pericle in Cicero, Off. 1. 40. 8. 6. The Dorians said, in the genitive plural, aiyav for αἰγῶν; θηρᾶν for θηρῶν; and, in the nominative, Ποσειδῶν for Ποσειδῶν. 7. The Dorians said Toμav for Tony, and so throughout. So, also, φρασὶ for φρεσὶ, the dative plural of φρήν. 8. The Dorians used κρῆς for κρέας ; and φρητὶ for φρέατι, the dative of φρέαρ. 9. In such forms as Bous, gen. Boòs, the Dorians change ov, in all the cases, into w; as, nominative Bas, Theocrit. 8. 77.; acc. pl. Tàs Bas; dative pl. ßwoìv, &c. 10. The Dorians often employ the termination ŋs in the nominative for evs. Thus they say, Ὄρφης for Ορφεύς ; Φίλης for Φιλεὺς, &c. 11. The Doric vocative of nouns in evs is formed in ŋ; as, Túdn. 12. In the Ionic dialect, the genitive plural ends in éwv; as, ἀνδρέων, χειρέων, μηνέων. 13. Nouns in is, gen. idos, lose in Ionic the d; and those in as, gen. ατος, Thus, Οσίριος for Οσίριδος, Θέτι for Θέτιδι ; γήραος for γήρατος; κέραος for κέρατος. the T. 14. The Ionians do not contract the cases of contractible nouns; as, ἐνίδρυες, not ἐνίδρυς. So, also, they say ὀφρύας, ἔπεος, Ηρακλέης, &c. 15. The Ionians decline nouns in cvs with n not contractible; as, βασιλῆος, τοκήων, &c. 16. Nouns in is are declined by the Ionians with contractible; as, Tóλis, gen. πόλιος; ὄφις, gen ὄφιος. 17. The Ionians are fond of the termination eo in the dative plural ; as, χείρεσι, κύνεσι, ἀνάκτεσι, &c. XXI. PATRONYMIC NOUNS. 1. Patronymics are nouns which designate a son or a daughter. They are derived from the proper name of the father; sometimes, also, from that of the mother. 2. The MASCULINE PATRONYMICS are of two classes. The first class end in either ίδης, άδης, οι ιάδης, and form the genitive in ov. The second end in íwv, and make the genitive in wvos, rarely ovos. 66 3. Patronymics in ídns and iwv are formed from nouns in os of the second declension. Thus, from Kpóvos, Saturn," come the patronymics Kpovídns and Kpovíwv, both meaning "the son of Saturn,” i. e. Jupiter. So from Kódpos we have Κοδρίδης ; from Τάνταλος, Τανταλίδης ; from Αἰακὸς, Αἰακίδης. 4. Patronymics in tádŋs are formed from nouns in cos; as, from Ἥλιος comes Ηλιάδης ; from 'Ασκλήπιος, Ασκληπιάδης; from Λαέρτιος, Λαερτιάδης. ης and as 5. Patronymics in ádŋs come from nouns in of the first declension. Thus, from Ἱππότης comes Ἱπποτάδης ; from ̓Αλεύας, Αλευάδης. 6. In nouns of the third declension the genitive serves as the basis of derivation. If the penult of the genitive be short, the patronymic from os is formed in idŋs; as, from ̓Αγαμέμνων, gen. -ovos, comes ̓Αγαμεμνονίδης; from Θέστωρ, gen. -ορος, Θεστορίδης; from Λητώ, gen. -όος, Λητοΐδης, &c. But if the penult of the genitive be long, the patronymic ends in ιάδης; as, from Τελαμών, gen. -ῶνος, comes Τελαμωνιάδης ; from 'Αμφιτρυων, gen. -ὢνος, Αμφιτρυωνιάδης. 7. Nouns in ευς, which in Ionic have the genitive in nos, give rise to the patronymic form ηϊάδης. Thus, from Πηλεύς, gen.-nos, comes Πηληϊάδης; from Περσεύς, gen. -ῆος, Περσηϊάδης. But since these have also the termination έως in the genitive, which continued to be the prevailing one in the Attic and common dialects, hence arose, from Περσεύς, gen. Περσέως, the patronymic form Περσεΐδης, Περσείδης; from Ατρεύς, gen. Ατρέως, the form 'Ατρείδης. 8. The FEMALE PATRONYMICS have four terminations ; namely, either τὰς, ὶς, ίνη, or ιώνη. Thus, from Βρισεὺς comes Βρισηίς; from "Ατλας, Ατλαντίς; from "Αδρηστος, Αδρηστίνη; from ̓Ακρίσιος, Ακρισιώνη. It is to be remarked, that the termination in arises when the primitive has a consonant before its own termination, and the termination covŋ when the primitive has before its ending the vowel & or v. XXII. ADJECTIVES. 1. The declensions of adjectives are three. 2. The first declension of adjectives has three terminations ; the second, two ; the third, one. 3. Adjectives of three terminations are the most numerous ; and have the feminine always in 7, except when preceded by a vowel, or the letter p, in which case it ends in a. Thus : But, 66 φίλιος φιλία φίλιον, “ friendly. 4. The masculine termination in os and the neuter in ov are inflected after the second declension of nouns. The feminine termination in ŋ or a is inflected after the first declension of nouns. 5. Adjectives in oos, however, have the feminine in η; as, ὄγδοος, ὀγδόη; θοὸς, θοή. But when p precedes, these have also a ; as, αθρόος, αθρόα. Adjectives in eos are contracted throughout. In the femi nine, ea is contracted into a when a vowel or the letter p precedes the termination os; but otherwise it is contracted into η. In the neuter plural, however, ea is always contracted into a, whatever letter may precede os. D Thus : |