Critical Thinking, fourth edition: An Introduction to the Basic Skills"William Hughes's Critical Thinking, recently revised and updated by Jonathan Lavery, is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the essential skills required to make strong arguments. Hughes and Lavery give a thorough treatment of such traditional topics as deductive and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies and how to spot them, the importance of inference, how to recognise and avoid ambiguity, and how to assess what is or is not relevant to an argument. But they also cover a variety of topics not always treated in books of this sort - special concerns to keep in mind when reasoning about ethical matters and how the nature of a language can affect the structure of an argument. The book gives a lucid treatment of the differences between descriptive and evaluative meaning: one person's freedom fighter is another person's terrorist." "For the fourth edition, Jonathan Lavery has added a new chapter on scientific reasoning, expanded the treatment of analogies, added numerous examples, and revised and updated the text throughout."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
Contents
II | 17 |
III | 19 |
IV | 21 |
V | 23 |
VI | 25 |
VII | 26 |
VIII | 28 |
IX | 33 |
LXVIII | 179 |
LXX | 181 |
LXXI | 186 |
LXXII | 187 |
LXXIII | 191 |
LXXIV | 193 |
LXXV | 194 |
LXXVI | 197 |
X | 35 |
XI | 39 |
XII | 45 |
XIII | 46 |
XIV | 47 |
XV | 48 |
XVI | 50 |
XVII | 52 |
XVIII | 55 |
XIX | 57 |
XX | 58 |
XXI | 59 |
XXII | 61 |
XXIV | 63 |
XXV | 68 |
XXVI | 69 |
XXVII | 71 |
XXVIII | 72 |
XXIX | 73 |
XXX | 74 |
XXXI | 78 |
XXXII | 79 |
XXXIII | 83 |
XXXIV | 85 |
XXXV | 88 |
XXXVI | 89 |
XXXVII | 93 |
XXXVIII | 95 |
XXXIX | 100 |
XL | 101 |
XLI | 102 |
XLII | 107 |
XLIII | 108 |
XLIV | 109 |
XLV | 111 |
XLVI | 115 |
XLVII | 121 |
XLVIII | 126 |
XLIX | 130 |
L | 131 |
LI | 132 |
LII | 133 |
LIII | 140 |
LIV | 141 |
LV | 145 |
LVI | 147 |
LVII | 150 |
LVIII | 152 |
LIX | 157 |
LX | 159 |
LXI | 161 |
LXII | 164 |
LXIII | 165 |
LXIV | 166 |
LXV | 170 |
LXVI | 173 |
LXVII | 176 |
LXXVII | 199 |
LXXVIII | 200 |
LXXIX | 202 |
LXXX | 206 |
LXXXI | 212 |
LXXXII | 214 |
LXXXIII | 219 |
LXXXIV | 220 |
LXXXV | 222 |
LXXXVI | 235 |
LXXXVII | 237 |
LXXXVIII | 246 |
LXXXIX | 251 |
XCI | 253 |
XCII | 255 |
XCIII | 260 |
XCV | 261 |
XCVI | 265 |
XCVIII | 266 |
XCIX | 267 |
C | 269 |
CI | 273 |
CIII | 274 |
CIV | 276 |
CV | 278 |
CVI | 280 |
CVII | 281 |
CVIII | 283 |
CIX | 285 |
CX | 286 |
CXI | 287 |
CXII | 289 |
CXIII | 290 |
CXIV | 292 |
CXV | 293 |
CXVI | 294 |
CXVII | 295 |
CXVIII | 296 |
CXIX | 298 |
CXX | 301 |
CXXI | 303 |
CXXII | 305 |
CXXIII | 309 |
CXXIV | 312 |
CXXV | 313 |
CXXVI | 325 |
CXXVII | 326 |
CXXVIII | 328 |
CXXIX | 330 |
CXXX | 332 |
CXXXI | 341 |
CXXXII | 345 |
CXXXIII | 351 |
CXXXIV | 354 |
CXXXV | 357 |
397 | |
Common terms and phrases
accept actually adequacy ambiguity antecedent circumstances appeal appeal to authority appeal to pity Appeals to consequences argu argument forms argumentative essay assess attempt believe Canada Canadian causal cause cent Chapter claim committed conclusion consequences Consider the following context correlation criteria deductive arguments deductive reasoning definition descriptive meaning Diane evaluative meaning evidence example explain fallacy false food poisoning hypothesis identify important inductive inference interpretation irrelevant Kapuskasing language logical strength logically strong main argument ment Method of Agreement missing premises moral judgements mousse non-empirical observed opponents Parry Sound person possible premises are true principle of charity probably question reason reference relevant right to strike salmon mousse Self-Test sentence someone sometimes sound argument speaker statistical syllogism stipulative definition sub-argument sufficient condition teachers term theory things tion truth truth-claim truth-functional understand usually valid argument weak words wrong yes yes