1.). Full suddenly he fled (SHAKSP., Lear 2, 1.). In living sculpture were suddenly seen the grand, the grotesque, the terrible, the beautiful (WARREN, The Lily a. the Bee 1.). I, the man whose Muse whylome did maske.. in lowly shepheards weeds (SPENSER, F. Qu. 1, int.). I am as fair now as I was erewhile (SHAKSP., Mids. N. Dr. 3, 2.). Will you troll the catch You taught me but while - ere? (Temp. 3, 2.) It was formerly better (All's Well 1, 1.). That erst him goodly armd, now most of all him harmd (SPENSER, F. Qu. 1, 11, 27.). As erst we promised thee, For thy desert we make thee governor (MARL., Jew of M. 5, 2.). Roland stared first at my father, next to me (BULW., Caxtons 5, 3.). Such an answer as was never before given under this sun (CARL., Past a. Pres. 4, 6.). Eftsoones he tooke that miscreated Faire (SPENS., F. Qu. 1, 2, 3.). Sixteen hundred years afterwards.. occurred a great gathering of the selfsame Family, in the plain of Dura (WARREN, The Lily a. the Bee 1.). A poor gentleman.. Who has been taken ill at my house four days ago, and has never held up his head since (STERNE, Tr. Shandy 6, 6.). Two thousand four hundred years have since rolled on (WARREN, The Lily a. the Bee 1.). The eastern sky is still unbroken gloom (TALF., Jon 1, 1.). Once upon a time.. a giant and a dwarf were friends (GOLDSM., Vic. 13.). Once, like the moon, I made The ever-shifting currents of the blood According to my humour ebb and flow (TENNYS. p. 155.). Marriages with foreigners are seldom fortunate experiments (BULW., Maltrav. 5, 8.). Knockers.. Sometimes bring on a confinement that lasts for many months (DOUGL. JERROLD, Bubbles 2.). What we oft do best, By sick interpreters.. is Not ours, or not allow'd (SHAKSP., Henry VIII. 1, 2.). He went once and he went often (BULW., Caxtons 3, 4.). Go presently (SHAKSP., Two Gentlem. 4, 4.). They smile at me who shortly shall be dead (Rich. III. 3, 4.). Captain Morbrand Found and secured him yester morning early (COLER., Picc. 3, 2.). The marriage will take place almost immediately (BULW., Money 3, 2.). I momentarily expect him here (SHERID. KNOWLES, Hunchb. 1, 1.). His dissolution is looked for hourly (ib.). I see thy beauty gradually unfold, Daily and hourly more and more (TENNYS. p. 81.). Mr. Oxley largely increased, and finally doubled, his original offer (WARREN, Now a. Then 1.) 2c. Die Uebertragung der Örtsadverbien here und there, besonders in der Zusammensetzung heretofore, theretofore, hereafter, thereafter, thereon, whereupon u. dgl. auf die Zeitsphäre ist anderen Uebertragungen der Raumbeziehungen auf die Zeit analog: The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise and speak (WARREN, Now a. Then 3.). I'll be wise hereafter (SHAKSP., Temp. 5, 1.). Nor can it be exactly said to have contained any wise precept theretofore unknown to mankind (DICKENS, Chuzzlew. 1, 3.). Long time he stared upon me like a man Astounded: thereon fell upon my neck (COLER., Picc. 1, 3.). This was cast upon the board.. whereupon Rose feud (TENNYS. p. 101.). Once, slipping the money clandestinely.. he slipt it not into her hand but on the floor, and another had it; whereupon the poor monk, coming to know it, looked mere despair for some days (CARL., Past a. Pres. 2, 6.). Infoweit einzelne Adverbien der Zeit als sagverbindend zu Konjunktionen werden, ist ihrer weiterhin besonders zu gebenken. Die Bestimmungen des Wann mit seinen verschiedenen Modifikationen find mit der Zeit und unter dem Einflusse romanischer Adverbien erweitert worden, während einzelne germanische im Neuenglischen veralten. Die Pronominaladverbien der Zeit sind bei dem Aufgeben des noch im Alte. lange erhaltenen tho, welches auch in dem Kompofitum nuthe, nouthe enthalten war, unvollständig geworden: Alte. Deonne beod heo over alle opre leovest to ure loverde (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 66.). Thanne ne seo we nogt of hire (WRIGHT, Pop. Treat. p. 133.). Next the mone the fur is hext.. Their (= the eir) is thanne bynethe next (p. 134.). When alle mens corne was fayre in feld Then was myne not worthe on eld (Town. M. p. 10.). Ac po vel he in sykness (R. OF GL. I. 251.). The mysserule pat me tho endurid (DEPOS. OF RICH. II. p. 2.). That lyved tho there and lyve yit (P. PLOUGHM. p. 319.). Thus farith al the world nuthe (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 202.). Myn hond scapith he nought nouthe (ALIS. 7747.). And mai beo nouthe her and ther (WRIGHT, Pop. Treat. p. 134.). That sholde as well as he couth Us have holpe and saved mouth (RICH. C. DE L. 2403.). Halbs. ponne he to Trinouant wende penne seide he to Wendoleine etc. (Lagam. I. 101.). Wonne pu comest to pon cnihten.. þu heom clepe to (I. 31.). pa dude he an ođer (I. 288.). pa com his brođer sune (I. 292.). pa com pe færliche dæd (I. 191.). Nude we scullen wepen pæ ær richen weoren (III. 216.). Cud hit is me noupe (I. 147.). Ags. ponne cvede ic tô hym etc. (MATH. 7, 23.). þâ frŷnd þe hine ær for þam velan lufjađ, þâ gevitað eft mid þam velan and veordad ponne tô feóndum (BOETH. 29.). Hvänne bid he âcenned? (A.-S. HOMIL. I. 136.) Cvædon, hvonne ær he beó deád ôđđe hvänne his nama onspringe (Ps. 40, 5.). þâ väs gevorden, þâ se Hælend þâs vord geendode, pâ vundrode þät folc his lâre (Math. 7, 28.). Hlŷstad me nu þâ (Ev. NICOD. 22.). þâs laga..þe se cyningc häfd nu þá eallon mannon forgifen (LEGG. Cnut. I. B. 80.). Im Ags. standen þá und ponne einander so nahe, daß die spätere Uebertragung der Bedeutungen beider auf eins derselben nicht auffallen kann. Andere, noch im Neuenglischen gebräuchliche, zum Theil aber veraltete Adverbien der Zeit sind frühe von häufigem Gebrauche: Alte. pis lond þe ich nu of speke, is þat mennisse pe nu lived (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 129.). Nou hath prude the pris in everuche plawe (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 153.). As gode is swynden anon as so for to swynke (p. 152.). Ac me ne hureth hit nogt anon, for hit so fur is (Pop. Treat. p. 135.). Theg Adam.. hadde bi-gonne anon, Tho he was furst y-maked, toward hevene gon.. He nadde nost gut to hevene i-come (p. 134.). And had nought yet y-wedded wiue (LAY LE FREINE 248.). Thei curteisi wes ever god And get shal be (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 5.). Ich wille bringen him get to dai (p. 12.). He may hym change sone anon (HALLIW., Freemas. 189.). Sottes bolt is sone shote (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 111.). Sodeynly ther sourdid selcouthe thingis (DEPOSIT. OF RICH. II. p. 1.). Al that whilom was murthe, is turned to treie and tene (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 340.). Hwo se haved eni unþeau of þeo det ich er nemde (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 67.). Azen he made kynges, þat kynges er were (R. oF GL. I. 272.). Thanne gan bleiken here ble, that arst lowen so loude (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 341.). So that child withdraweth is hond From the fur ant the broud, That hath byfore bue brend (Wright a. HalLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 113.). So can God make wane ther rathere was won (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 341.) [rather steht hier noch tem .. poral.]. Let lust overgon, eft hit shal the lyke (I. 110.). Drynk eft lasse, ant go by lyhte hom (I. 116.). Eft hat seit ältester Zeit auch die Bedeutung von again: To fordon it on o day, And in thre dayes after Edifie it eft newe (P. PLOUGHм. p. 371.). Al þys byuel afterward (R. OF GL. I. 284.). Me were levere then ani fe That he hevede enes leien bi me, And efftsones bi-gunne (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 11.). Wynter thundre me schal selde god iseo (Pop. Treat. p. 135.). Binimed hem hwile oref, hwile ođer aihte, and hwile her hele (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 128.). Wel oft wes Leir wa (R. OF GL. I. 146.). Ofte rap reweth (WRIGHT a. HalLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 115.). One's kunrede pen oper suppe slou (R. of GL. I. 284.). Seppe hap Engelond ybe ywerred ylome Of þe folk of Denemark (I. 3.). That so manye scholde have entred so newely, and so manye newely slayn (MAUNDEV. p. 284.) 2c. Halbs. Ful neh pan ilke stude þar Rome nou stonded (LA3AM. I. 6.). For nu3zu iss bulaxe sett Rihht to be treowwess rote (ORM. 9281. cf. 9935. 9956. 13590. u. a. D.) [nuzzu scheint dem ags. nu-giú, geó, jú, goth. ju, n♪ŋ, alts. iu, zu entsprechen, obwohl diese Zusammensetzung nicht im Ags. vorkommt.]. He heo þa 3æte nefde noht biwunnen (Lagam. II. 439.). Heore streon wass Drihhtin leof get ær itt wære streonedd (ORM. 733.). Annd yet he sezzde buss till himm (803.). Godess enngell se33de þær Off Sannt Johan get mare (780.). þatt tu narrt nohht get Inn heoffne (7951.). & anan forđ rihtes somneden heore cnihtes (LA3AM. II. 439.). Sone anan se piss wass se33d (ORM. 3368.). pa quen þer efter sone ænne sune hefde (Lagam. I. 9.). Se33de puss Till Zacarize efft sone (ORм. 203.). þær þær he se33de himm sellf whilumm þurrh piss prophetess tunge (4868.). patt word tatt or wass cwiddedd (282.). Mærlin heom gon ræren alse heo stoden ærer (LAGAM. II. 307 sq.) & pus arest sæide in Englene londe (II. 174.). Erst heo lette fleon to stanes heo letten seođđen (III. 94.). Swa summ icc habbe shawedd her Bifòrenn o piss lare (ORM. 10952.). pus heo pa ispeken & eft hit to-breken (LA3AM. I. 138.). Seđen heo was leodena quene (I. 7.). Jet niss nohht lannge sippenn (Orм. 12579.). Selde he aswint þe to him seolue penched (II. 328.). Arrchelaw þe king þær munnde cumenn seldenn (ORM. 8467.). Ofte heo ræsden (Lagam. I. 27.). He da33whamlike sahh pe laffdig Sannte Marge (ORM. 2119.) 2c. Agf. Hvät is eóv nu geþuht? (MATH. 26, 65.) Eordvall þone man nu tô däg sceávjan mäg (BEDA 1, 12.). Ne pearft þu þe ondrædan.. feorhcvealm nu giet (CÆDм. 1033.). Git he leofad (GEN. 43, 28.). Gif þu þät git dôn nelt (Exod. 9, 2.). peáh þe he pa gyt on þære menniscnysse unsprecende være (A.-S. HOMIL. I. 142.). His tîd ne com nâ gyt (JOH. 7, 30.). pâ gesägdon Rômâne on ân Brittum þät hî nô mâ ne mihton.. svâ gevinnfullicum fyrdum svencte beón (BEDA 1, 12.) [die Auffaffung des on ân, eigentlich in unum, vgl. bätte brôdur on an begen hicgen Ps. 132, 1., als Zeitpartikel, wird durch das Halbs. gerechtfertigt]. Hi sóna við heora feóndum gefuhton (BEDA 1, 12.). Sôna äfter þæra daga gedrêfydnesse, seó sunne byd forsvorcen (MATH. 24, 29.). Hit hvilum þunrað, hvílum nà ne ongind (BOETH. 39, 3.). Onlîce þam micelan flôde pe giú on Noes dagum väs (16, 1.). Se ealda man Symeon pe ve ær ymbe spræcon (A.-S. HOMIL. J. 142.). Gelæste hit him georne ær ôddon äft (LEGG. ÆTHELR. IV. 9.). Ær ôddon äfter (V. 16.). pâ ic hêr ærest com (СÆDм. 2705.). Siddan eft gevât ôđre sîde (Andr. 706.). Vundrad þäs þe hit seldost gesihd (BOETH. 39, 3.). Svâ hit sviđe seldan gevyrd (16, 1.). Cynevulf oft miclum gefeohtum gefeaht vid Britvealum (SAX. CHR. 755.). God hêt gelômlice pâs fugelas offrjan on his lâce (A.-S. HOMIL. I. 142.). And bäd ät Gode däighvamlice (I. 136.) 2c. Die Uebertragung der Partikeln here, there auf diese Zeitsphäre ist althergebracht: Alte. We schul here aftur in þis boke telle of al bis wo (R. OF GL. I. 3.). Here-to-fore ye haveth herd Of theo kyngis ost how hit ferd (ALIS. 6018.). It mon us avaylle Here after ward som day (Town. M. p. 231.). pe kyng lette bryng her aftur Hengist bi fore hym sone (R. OF GL. I. 141.). pat an old hous was po Of tuo hondred ger and seuenty yrerd þer byuore (I. 280.). Halbs. pis word com to Rome her after ful sone (LAGAM. II. 19.). pa ilomp hit seodde sone par æfter (I. 137 sq.). Schon im Halbs. wird her mit Rücksicht auf einen angegebe nen Zeitpunkt temporal gebraucht, wie in der Sachsen chronik gewöhnlich mit Beziehung auf die vorangehende Jahreszahl: Anno III. Her svealt Herodes (SAX. CHR. 3.). An. XI. Hêr onfêng Herodes Antipatres sunu tô rîce (11.) 2c. Auch þær nähert sich der Bedeutung von ponne in Sätzen gleich: Ac þær, þær hî gôde beód, þonne beód hî þurh þäs gôdan mannes gôd gôde (BOETH. 16, 3.), womit man vgl. Halbs.: Off whamm I spacc.. þær þær I se33de þatt an mann Affterr me cumenn shollde (ORM. 12578.). = Auffällig ist die Bildung therewhile at the same time, die sich ins Neuenglische hineinzieht: I wil goe in, and pray the Gods therwhile (GASCOYGNE, Jocasta 1, 1.). Agf. på hvile, oft in der Verbindung þa hvile pe dum, donec. Halbs. þatt while (ORM. 142.). Mhd. der wile, nhd. derweile. Zu dem temporalen anon scheint das besonders im Norden Englands populäre anan, anon zu gehören, womit unverstandene Fragen oder Behauptungen zum Ausdrucke des mangelhaften Verständnisses erwiedert werden: Poor child, in what a den you have been brought up!" ,,Anan, Sir?" She don't understand me." (BULw., Maltrav. 1, 4.) Sollte in der Zusammenstellung ever and anon: And ever and anon they made a doubt Presence majestical would put him out (SHAKSP., Love's L. L. 5, 2.), eine Erinnerung an die alte Bedeutung (continually) erhalten sein, welche dem anon früher ebenfalls zukam. Vgl. Halbs. Fowwerrtig daghess a33 onnan Bi dazhess, annd bi nahhtess? (ORM. 11331.) B. Das Seit wann? oder Von wo an? wird nach Analogie anderer Sprachen auch durch die den Ortsadverbien angehörigen Formen bezeichnet. Hence forward I am ever ruled by you (SHAKSP., Rom. a. Jul. 4, 2.). We will not part Hence-forth, if death be not division (SHELLEY III. 99.). A fortnight thence (SCOTT, L. Minstr. 6, 7.). Unter einem Gesichtspunkte ist auch since hierher zu ziehen. Man kann Verbindungen von here und there mit Präpositionen zu Bestimmungen dieser Art rechnen, da in der That durch diese Adverbien der Punkt bezeichnet wird, von wo ab zu rechnen ist, obgleich das Interesse nicht so entschieden auf diesen Punkt als Ausgangspunkt gelenkt wird. Die Beziehung der oben genannten Partikeln auf die Zeit ist alt. Halbs. Beo heonne word alse hit mæi (LAGAM. III. 297.). Ags. Ænig man heonan ford cyrican ne þeóvige (LEGG. ETHELR. IV. 16.). He ne prôvad heonon-ford næfre eft (A.-S. HOMIL. I. 150.). 2. Die Adverbien, welche das Wie lange? bezeichnen, sind ebenso wenig zahlreich als die eben angeführten und berühren sich mit der Vorstellung des einfachen Wann? Wo das Bis wann? in Betracht kommt, tritt ebenfalls das Ortsadverb ein. All hitherto goes well (SHAKSP., III Henry VI. 4, 2.). Hinsichtlich der auf eine Zeit in ihrer ganzen Ausdehnung bezogenen bejahenden und verneinenden Adverbien ist zu bemerken, daß sie sich noch meist in den ältesten Formen vorfinden, so wie daß die Bezeichnung für immer nicht blos auf die Zeitlinie ihrer ganzen Ausdehnung nach sondern auch auf einen Zeitpunkt innerhalb derselben bezogen wird, und namentlich ever auch dem Deutschen je entspricht. Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar! (SHAKSP., Macb. 4, 1.) I evermore did love you, Hermia (Mids. N. Dr. 3, 2.). Like the Spartans, dwelling evermore in a camp (BULW., Caxtons 4, 2.). Thou wast ever an obstinate heretic (SHAKSP., Much Ado 1, 1.). The Mayor is ever preaching morality to the youngsters (Coop., Spy 9.). Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom? (SHAKSP., Macb. 4, 1.) Lorenzo! hast thou ever weigh'd a sigh? (YOUNG, N. Th. 5, 516.) Did ever now one pair of shoulders Carry such waggon - loads of impudence Into a gentleman's drawing-room? (BULW., Richel. 2, 1.) What are all the printers that ever lived, and all the books they ever printed, to one wrong to thy fine heart? (Caxtons 3, 4.) The needy shall not alway be forgotten (Ps. 9, 18.). He always takes his first rest before he comes away (Dougl. Jerrold, Bubbles 1, 1.). That will never be (SHAKSP, Macb. 4, 1.). Will the dawn never visit us? (TALF., Ion 1, 1.) Ueber die Anwendung von never und no f. d. Sazadverbien. Die Anwendung des lokalen hither auf die Zeit bietet das Alte.: From that time hidre (MAUNDEV. p. 44.). Die alten Formen für immer und nimmer werden entsprechend verwendet: Loke also thou make no bere, but ay to be yn thy prayere (HALLIW., Freemas. 623.). So that evere mo Half the urthe the sonne bi-schyneth, hou so it evere go (WRIGHT, Pop. Treat. p. 132.). Ever the furthe peni mot to the kynge (Polit. S. p. 149.). Scheo weopith, and syngeth weil-a-way, That scheo ever abod that day (ALIS. 1051.). Ac, allegate, the kynges Losen ten ageyns on in werrynges (6094.). Algate by sleighte or by violence Fro yer to yer I wynne my despence (CHAUC., C. T. 7013.). Tell thou never thy fo-mon Shome ne teone that the is on (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 111.). Trichen shalt thou never more (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 69.). I herde never er sweche a noyse now i- wys (Cov. MYST. p. 392.). Halbs. He wulde.. a to his liue hire willen idrigen (Lagam. I. 54.). Crist shall rixlenn a33 occ a33 (ORM. 2263.). Bi þatt allterr stodenn a patt follkess haligdomess (1688.). Efer he heom leide on (Lagam. I. 24.). Heore cun wunede þære seodden auere mare (II. 19.). þat is muchel un-riht gif œuere æi god cniht wule his godliche cun bute gulte aquellen (I. 374.). Næfre ma ne shall he ben O nane wise filedd (ORM. 4206.). Ags. He sæde unc svâ hit siđđan a eóde (GEN. 41, 13.). He väs afre God of þam Fäder âcenned (A.-S. HOMIL. I. 150.). Gif þu me œfre âlŷst, ic þe andette on mycelre gesamnunge and be þær hêrige (Ps. 34, 18.). pâ eorde velan þeáh hî ealne veg eóvre sîn ne pincd eóv nô þŷ rađor heora genôh (BOETH. 13.). Ic vât þät þu me symle gehŷrst (Joн. 11, 42.). Ne geseó ge hig næfre må (Exod. 14, 13.). Die Verwendung von ever in verallgemeinernden und concessiven Säßen, welche auf der doppelten, schon im Angelsächsischen angebahnten, Beziehung jenes Adverb beruht, ist beim Concessivsatz zu beleuchten. c) Die Adverbien der Art und Weise in weitester Bedeutung (f. I. |