Journal of Proceedings and Addresses of the ... Annual Meeting

conduct such investigations. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to carry out the provisions contained in this constitution referring to volunteer and invited papers. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to provide a place on the program for the report on any investigation which may be ordered by the National Educational Association or its departments.

4. The Committee on Membership shall be composed of the president of the Council and six other members, whose terms of office shall be so arranged that two vacancies may be filled every year, beginning with 1899.

5. There shall be appointed annually a committee of one to submit, at the next meeting, a report on "Educational Progress During the Past Year," in which a survey of the important movements and events in education during the preceding year is given. This committee need not be selected from the members of the Council.

6. The Committee on Investigations and Appropriations shall be composed of nine members, whose terms of office shall be so arranged that three vacancies may be filled each year, beginning with 1903. No proposal to appoint a committee to undertake an educational investigation of any kind, and no proposal to ask the Board of Directors of the Association for an appropriation for any purpose, shall be acted upon until such proposal has been referred to this Committee on Investigations and Appropriations for report.

ARTICLE VIII-THE DUTIES OF THE COUNCIL

1. It shall be the duty of the Council to further the objects of the National Educational Association, and to use its best efforts to promote the cause of education in general. 2. The meetings of the Council shall be, for the most part, of a "round table" character.

ARTICLE IX-AMENDMENTS

This constitution may be altered or amended at a regular meeting of the Council, by a two-thirds vote of the members present, and any provision may be waived at any regular meeting by unanimous consent.

By-laws not in violation of this constitution may be adopted by a two-thirds vote of the Council.

NOTE: The letter "A" following a name denotes that the member is of the class elected by the Association; the letter "C," by the Council.

*Anna Tolman Smith, Washington, D. C.
*Josephine Heermans, Kansas City, Mo...
*James H. Van Sickle, Baltimore, Md...
John Dewey, Chicago, Ill
*Newton C. Dougherty, Peoria, Ill..
*W. H. Bartholomew, Louisville, Ky
*Frank A. Fitzpatrick, Boston, Mass.
*I. C. McNeill, West Superior, Wis......
*E. Oram Lyte, Millersville, Pa.....
*J. M. Greenwood, Kansas City, Mo..
*Frank B. Cooper, Seattle, Wash.
*Joseph Swain, Swarthmore, Pa...
*Nathan C. Schaeffer, Harrisburg, Pa.
*Louis C. Greenlee, Denver, Colo...
*Z. X. Snyder, Greeley, Colo....
James A. Foshay, Los Angeles, Cal..
*J. H. Phillips, Birmingham, Ala....
*Livingston C. Lord, Charleston, Ill.
*James H. Baker, Boulder, Colo..
*Robert E. Denfeld, Duluth, Minn.
*Lucia Stickney, Cleveland, O.

*Irwin Shepard, Winona, Minn.

*Aaron Gove, Denver, Colo

*J. W. Carr, Anderson, Ind.

Frank A. Hill, Boston, Mass

C 1905

*Present at the Council sessions at Boston, 1903.

HONORARY MEMBERS

Earl Barnes, Philadelphia, Pa.
William N. Barringer, Newark, N. J.
Newton Bateman, Galesburg, Ill.
D. Bemis, Spokane, Wash.
Thomas W. Bicknell, Providence, R. I.
Albert G. Boyden, Bridgewater, Mass.
Anna C. Brackett, New York, N. Y.
John E. Bradley, Randolph, Mass.
Edward Brooks, Philadelphia, Pa.
George P. Brown, Bloomington, Ill.
William L. Bryan, Bloomington, Ind.
John T. Buchanan, New York, N. Y.
Matthew H. Buckham, Burlington, Vt.
David N. Camp, New Britain, Conn.
James H. Canfield, New York, N. Y.
Clara Conway, Memphis, Tenn.
John W. Cook, De Kalb, Ill.
Oscar H. Cooper, Abilene, Tex.
William J. Corthell, Gorham, Me.
Charles DeGarmo, Ithaca, N. Y.
V. C. Dibble, Charleston, S. C.
John W. Dickinson, Newtonville, Mass.
John Eaton, Washington, D. C.
Charles W. Eliot, Cambridge, Mass.
William W. Folwell, Minneapolis, Minn.
R. B. Fulton, University, Miss.
W. R. Garrett, Nashville, Tenn.
Charles B. Gilbert, New York, N. Y.
Daniel C. Gilman, Washington, D. C.
James C. Greenough, Westfield, Mass.
W. N. Hailmann, Boston, Mass.
G. Stanley Hall, Worcester, Mass.
Paul H. Hanus, Cambridge, Mass.
Walter L. Hervey, New York, N. Y.
Edwin C. Hewett, Normal, Ill.
J. George Hodgins, Toronto, Can.
Ira G. Hoitt, Sacramento, Cal.
James H. Hoose, Pasadena, Cal.

George W. Howison, San Francisco, Cal.
James L. Hughes, Toronto, Can.
Thomas Hunter, New York, N. Y.
Ellen Hyde, Farmington, Mass.
Edmund J. James, Evanston, Ill.
E. S. Joynes, Columbia, S. C.
David L. Kiehle, Minneapolis, Minn.
Thomas Kirkland, Toronto, Can.
Henry M. Leipziger, New York, N. Y.

James MacAlister, Philadelphia, Pa.
Albert P. Marble, New York, N. Y.
Francis A. March, Easton, Pa.
Lillie J. Martin, San Francisco, Cal.
William H. Maxwell, New York, N. Y.
Charles A. McMurry, De Kalb, Ill.
Lemuel Moss, Minneapolis, Minn.
William A. Mowry, Hyde Park, Mass.
Mary E. Nicholson, Indianapolis, Ind.
John M. Ordway, New Orleans, La.
Warren D. Parker, River Falls, Wis.
W. H. Payne, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Selim H. Peabody, Chicago, Ill.
John B. Peaslee, Cincinnati, O.
William F. Phelps, Duluth, Minn.
Josiah L. Pickard, Brunswick, Me.
Edward T. Pierce, Los Angeles, Cal.
William B. Powell, New York, N. Y.
J. R. Preston, Jackson, Miss.
John T. Prince, Boston, Mass.
George J. Ramsey, Bristol, Tenn.
Frank Rigler, Portland, Ore.
William H. Ruffner, Lexington, Va.
Ellen C. Sabin, Milwaukee, Wis.
Henry Sabin, Des Moines, Ia.
J. G. Schurman, Ithaca, N. Y.
H. H. Seerley, Cedar Falls, Ia.
H. E. Shepard, Baltimore, Md.
Edgar A. Singer, Philadelphia, Pa.
Euler B. Smith, Athens, Ga.
Homer B. Sprague, East Orange, N. J.
J. W. Stearns, Madison, Wis.

Thomas B. Stockwell, Providence, R. I.
Grace Bibb Sudborough, Omaha, Neb.
John Swett, Martinez, Cal.

H. S. Tarbell, Providence, R. I.
W. R. Thigpen, Savannah, Ga.
H. S. Thompson, New York, N. Y.
L. S. Thompson, Jersey City, N. J.
Arnold Tompkins, Chicago, Ill.
Julia S. Tutwiler, Livingstone, Ala.
Delia L. Williams, Delaware, O.
J. Ormond Wilson, Washington, D. C.
Lightner Witmer, Philadelphia, Pa.
H. K. Wolfe, Lincoln, Neb.

C. M. Woodward, St. Louis, Mo.

SECRETARY'S MINUTES

FIRST SESSION.-MONDAY, JULY 6, 9:30 A. M., 1903

The Council met in the Second Church of Boston, and was called to order by the president, William R. Harper.

The usual formal exercises of opening were omitted. The first paper of the session was presented by Charles DeGarmo, Ithaca, N. Y., on "The Voluntary Element in Education." I. C. McNeill briefly discussed the paper.

Thomas M. Balliet, Springfield, Mass., presented the subject "Saving of Time in Elementary and Secondary Education;" and was followed by Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Chicago, Ill., upon the same subject.

In discussion of these papers C. M. Woodward, St. Louis, Mo., James M. Green, Oliver S. Westcott, and Aaron Gove each spoke briefly. Mrs. Young and Mr. Balliet closed the discussion.

Pursuant to a motion directing the president to appoint the Committee on Nominations, the following were named as such committee:

James H. Baker asked that a committee of the Council be appointed to investigate educational questions of national interest, and report its conclusions to the Council.

It was moved that Mr. Baker's suggestion be referred to the Committee on Investigations and Appropriations. After discussion, in which several members of the Council participated, the motion was laid on the table.

SECOND SESSION.-2:30 P. M.

The Council was called to order at the appointed hour by the president.

After the reading by the secretary of sec. 5 of Art. VII of the constitution, which provides for an annual report on "Educational Progress During the Past Year," the president introduced William DeWitt Hyde, president of Bowdoin College, who presented the report.

Following the reading of the report, the president called upon John W. Cook, DeKalb, Ill., J. W. Carr, Joseph Swain, and C. M. Woodward, St. Louis, Mo., each of whom responded with brief remarks pertinent to the subject under review.

THIRD SESSION.-TUESDAY, JULY 7, 9:30 A. M.

The Council was called to order by the president.

On motion, the report of the Committee on Investigations and Appropriations was made by Nicholas Murray Butler, on behalf of the chairman, J. M. Greenwood, as follows:

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND APPROPRIATIONS

To the Council:

The Committee on Investigations and Appropriations begs leave to report as follows relative to the several matters which have been before it either by reference from the Council or from the Board of Directors, or upon the initiative of the committee itself:

1. Action on the proposal of President Baker, of Colorado, to appoint a committee, and to ask for an appropriation to inquire into the contemporary judgment as to the culture element in education and the time that should be devoted to the combined school and college course, should await a clear definition of the topic to be studied and a precise indication of the methods of inquiry to be pursued. We recommend that the presi dent of the Council be authorized to appoint a committee of five active members of the Association to under

take to define the question as presented by President Baker, the report of this committee to be printed and distributed in advance of the next annual meeting of the Council, and its discussion made a special order for that meeting.

2. In reference to the request of a number of active members of the Association, made to the Board of Directors and referred by that board to this committee, that an investigation be undertaken to determine the economic condition of public-school teachers thruout the United States, your committee feels that the time is ripe for the prosecution of such an inquiry. There is a great and growing interest thruout the country in matters relating to the condition of public school teachers and their compensation, and there is every reason to believe that, if the facts could be correctly ascertained and lucidly set forth, the effect upon public opinion, and consequently upon the status of the teachers themselves, would be excellent. We, therefore, recommend that the president of the Council be authorized to appoint a committee of seven, to consist of active members of the Association, and of not more than two experts in statistical and economic science, who may or may not be members of the Association, to inquire and report to the Council upon the salaries, tenure of office, and pension provisions for public-school teachers in the United States. We recommend that an appropriation of $1,500, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be asked from the Board of Directors to defray the necessary expenses of conducting the work of this committee.

3. The committee is unable to recommend any appropriation to defray the cost of the work being carried on by the so-called Committee on Formulation of Contemporary Educational Doctrine. The attention of the Council is called to the fact that, by resolution of the Board of Directors, and by terms of the constitution of the Council, Art. IV, all investigations made in the name of the National Educational Association shall originate in the Council, or, if not, shall be made under its direction or authority. To the best of our knowledge and belief, no request has ever been made that the Council should authorize or approve the work of a Committee on the Formulation of Contemporary Educational Doctrine.

4. With reference to the request of the Board of Directors that this committee report upon the expediency of undertaking an investigation in the field of industrial education in schools in rural communities, we report that such an investigation seems to be urgently needed in view of the requests for information and advice that are reaching the school authorities in several states of the middle West. We recommend that the president of the Council be authorized to appoint a committee of five, consisting of active members of this Association, and of not more than one expert in agricultural education, who may or may not be a member of this Association, to undertake such an investigation and to report to the Council. We recommend that the Board of Directors be requested to appropriate $500, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to defray the cost of the investigation to be conducted by such committee.

5. Several times during the past few years the National Educational Association has explicitly declared in favor of strengthening the Bureau of Education, and of increasing its dignity and importance in the scheme of governmental administration at Washington. At a meeting of the Department of Superintendence held at Chicago February 28, 1900, upon motion of the Commissioner of Education, a committee of six members was appointed for the purpose of aiding the Bureau of Education to accomplish its work. This committee has from time to time had under consideration the needs and opportunities of the bureau. It has recently held a series of prolonged sessions for the purpose of giving careful consideration to the whole matter, and, in conjunction with the Commissioner of Education himself, has arrived at the conclusion that the time has now come when a determined effort should be made to secure from the administration and from Congress such action as will put into practical effect the oft-repeated recommendations of this Association relative to the Bureau of Education. It is the judgment of the committee referred to that the Bureau of Education should be speedily restored to the status which it had at the time of its formation, namely, that of an independent department—a status which the Departments of Agriculture and of Labor had before they were raised to cabinet rank. Inasmuch as education in the United States is not a matter committed to the general government, the Bureau of Education can never become a strictly administrative office save in certain limited respects. The bureau should, however, have the dignity of a separate organization, and there is reason to believe that it would fare better if it enjoyed such status rather than continued in its present rank as a bureau of the Department of the Interior. The salary of the Commissioner of Education should be raised to at least $5,000, preferably to $6,000. He should be given two assistants, at salaries of $3,000 or $3,500 each, and the annual appropriation now made to the bureau should be increased by not less than $50,000, primarily to enable the commissioner to bring together and to make public a still greater and more practical amount of information than he now collects and brings to the attention of school officers and school-teachers in every state and territory. One assistant commissioner might well have charge of the division of statistics and reports-the work which has been so effectively carried on under Dr. Harris' personal direction for fourteen years. The second assistant commissioner should have charge of the administrative division of the Department of Education, whose duty it should be to deal more directly and more strongly than now with education in those parts of our domain that are not organized into states and territories, and where in consequence the matter of public education is either neglected or is under a local control which is not in touch with the experience and the resources of the educational system of the nation as a whole.

It is our belief that the National Council should take vigorous action in the matter of the status of the Bureau of Education, and that it should either assume as its own the committee appointed by the Department of Superintendence in 1900, as mentioned above, or should name a committee in succession to that one, whose duty it shall be to undertake an active propaganda before Congress and the country in favor of the upbuilding of the Bureau of Education into a department, as outlined above. We, therefore, recommend that the presi

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