Gender, Nature, and NurtureThis engaging text presents the latest scientific findings on gender differences, similarities, and variations--in sexuality, cognitive abilities, occupational preferences, personality, and social behaviors. The impact of nature and nurture on gender is examined from the perspectives of genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary theory, neuroanatomy, sociology, and psychology. The result is a balanced, fair-minded synthesis of diverse points of view. Dr. Lippa's text sympathetically summarizes each side of the nature-nurture debate, and in a witty imagined conversation between a personified "nature" and "nurture," he identifies weaknesses in the arguments offered by both sides. His review defines gender, summarizes research on gender differences, examines the nature of masculinity and femininity, describes theories of gender, and presents a "cascade model," which argues that nature and nurture weave together to form the complex tapestry known as gender. Gender, Nature, and Nurture, Second Edition features: *new research on sex differences in personality, moral thought, coping styles, sexual and antisocial behavior, and psychological adjustment; *the results of a new meta-analysis of sex differences in real-life measures of aggression; *new sections on non-hormonal direct genetic effects on sexual differentiation; hormones and maternal behavior; and on gender, work, and pay; and *expanded accounts of sex differences in children's play and activity levels; social learning theories of gender, and social constructionist views of gender. This lively "primer" is an ideal book for courses on gender studies, the psychology of women, or of men, and gender roles. Its wealth of updated information will stimulate the professional reader, and its accessible style will captivate the student and general reader. |
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
Other Possible Sex Differences | 36 |
Summary | 44 |
Masculinity and Femininity as Separate Dimensions | 55 |
But Dont Masculinity and Femininity Make Sense to Most of Us? | 64 |
Summary | 79 |
Biological Theories | 85 |
Demonstrating Biological Influences on Individual Differences | 150 |
Learning to Do Gender | 157 |
SelfSocialization of Gender | 172 |
Consequences of Gender Stereotypes | 178 |
Coda | 186 |
Summary | 218 |
Some RealLife Concerns | 233 |
Men and Women Who Govern | 254 |
From Nature to Nurture | 104 |
Summary | 117 |
Correlational Studies of Hormones and Behavior | 127 |
Hormones and Maternal Behavior | 133 |
Sex Differences in Aggression | 140 |
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts | 261 |
References | 271 |
Author Index | 311 |
327 | |
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ability activities adults aggression animals associated attitudes attracted average behavior Bern biological boys and girls brain causes Chapter child cognitive consistent cultures early effects environments evidence example experience expressive fact factors fathers female findings gender stereotypes gender-related genes genetic groups higher hormones human important individual individual differences influence interact interests Journal kinds label lead learning less levels Lippa male male and female masculinity and femininity mate math mean measures men's meta-analysis mothers Nature Nurture observed occupations parents performance personality physical play preferences prenatal Press produce Psychology question reared recent relationships reported response result roles same-sex scales scores selection settings sex differences sex-typed sexual orientation social Social Psychology society sometimes spatial studies suggests teachers tend testosterone theory toys traits University variations whereas woman women York