fore hoftilities began, to break with her, and amufed her with ne gociations only for the purpose of gaining time while they were forwarding their warlike preparations. Was this, however, the author's real object? Mr. Miles can beft anfwer the queftion. All that we can pretend to fay on this fubject is, that, from the continued chain of egotifms from the beginning to the end of the work, a man might be tempted, without any great breach of charity, to fufpect that the defence of Mr. Pitt was at belt but a fecondary confideration; and that what Mr. Miles had moft at heart was to difplay his own importance with M. de la Fayette, and other gentlemen, who acted confpicuous parts in the revolutions of France, Liege, and Brabant. Unkindness from a friend is faid to be the most cutting. What then must the Jacobins feel when they find that the hand, which now fmites them fo violently, is that of a brother, a member of their club, who attended its meetings almoft without intermiffion for eight months, and who appears to have been intimately acquainted with all their proceedings? That he was a Jacobin, we mean not in any bad fenfe of the word,-and regular in his attendance, we learn from the following paffage, page 55: I was a member of all the popular focieties, and regularly attended the Jacobin club, in which all queftions of reform, and indeed all matters relative to domeftic arrangement on foreign powers, were generally difcuffed before they were propofed in the National Affembly *.' What Mr. Pitt will fay to fuch an advocate; whether he will receive him with kindness, or reject him with a non tali auxilio, nec defenforibus iftis; we cannot prefume to guefs. Whatever may be our opinion of Mr. Miles as a politician, we must allow that he difcuffes the fubject before us with ability. He is a good writer; and he draws juft conclufions from the premifes which he Jays down but then he alone is able to judge of the truth of those premifes, for they reft chiefly, though not folely, on the authority of an anonymous correfpondent, whofe name he fuppreffes because the life of this friend, who is a Frenchman, and ftill in France, might be endangered by the publication. If the letters from this correfpondent be admitted as conclufive evidence, Mr. Miles seems to fhew that, from the beginning of the revolution, the popular party in France had refolved on war with Great Britain; and that the negociations carried on with our court for preventing it were a mere farce, intended to amufe us, and to gain time. However, even if the thirteen anonymous letters given by Mr. Miles, for which he vouches, and we do not mean to question his veracity, be allowed to be genuine, it would not follow that they are conclufive It is a fact worth relating, as it will furnish abundant matter for reflection, that innumerable pamphlets were every day diftributed gratis to the members of the National Affembly, and to thofe of all the popular focieties in Paris. As a member of the Jacobin club, I received, in the short space of eight months, four hundred and two of thefe publications; and as they were only prefented to thofe members who attended, and always early in the evening, and as it was fometimes late before I went, the number that I miffed muft alfo have been confiderable.' evidence; evidence; for it would fill remain to be proved that the writer was fo fituated as to have the means of becoming acquainted with the intentions of the ruling party in his country. In the 1ft of thefe letters, is a paffage which might be urged as a proof that they are genuine: but it might be quoted alfo to fhew that the writer was not, at leaft at that time (the 12th of May 1791) in any public fituation, nor in the confidence of people in power. The paffage is this: Plus de dix officiers généraux employés ont refufé, Cela me donneroit jour de penetrer. Mais l'intrigue qui domine toujours, comme fous l'ancien regime, fera avorter dans fa fource ce que j'ai preparé pour placer mes droits dans toute leur evidence." Mr. Miles thus tranflates this paffage: More than ten general officers employed, have refused to ferve: this will enable me to penetrate a little into futurity; but the spirit of intrigue, which is as great as under the ancient government, will counteract the means that I have taken to place my pretenfions in a proper point of view.' Mr. Miles, we conceive, did not understand the meaning of his friend's expreffion penetrer;' it is clear from the context that it did not mean to penetrate into futurity, but to get on, fet forward, make his way, or procure promotion or employment, in the line of his profef fiou. "This gentleman, we are told, was a general officer in the French fervice. If Mr. Miles has tranflated him correctly, it follows, from his own confeflion, that he was not then acquainted with the fecrets of the ruling party. At all events, it is clear that he was in no office either of truft or of power, being at the time wholly unemployed. Should the reader incline to overlook thefe circumstances, and, at all events, to believe that the French intended war from the beginning, he will find fome things in this pamphlet which may ferve to feed and fupport that belief. sh...a.n. Art. 41. Gideon's Cake of Barley Meal. A Letter to the Rev. William Romaine, on his preaching for the Emigrant Popish Clergy; with fome Strictures on Mrs. Hannah More's Remarks, publifhed for their Benefit, 1793. The fecond Edition. With another Letter fent to Mr. Romaine prior to this, and fundry Notes and Remarks; wherein all the Objections and Replies of Opponents that have come to the Author's Knowledge are fully answered. Svo Is. Jordan. 1793... A more coarse and illiberal piece of abufe than this letter has feldom paffed under our infpection. The author, inflamed with indignation against antichrift and his priests, loads them with the opprobrious title of ferpents, vipers, hypocrites, accurfed of God, and other fuch like appellations; and he inveighs against Mr. Romaine for having had the humanity to preach a fermon recommending charity to the emigrant French clergy, and for making a collection for them in his parish church. According to the notion of this zealot, Mr. -Romaine has been asking alms for the pimps of that whore of Baby. lon who hath corrupted the world with her fornications; and he REV JAN. 1794. H has has hercin impiously counteracted the execution of the divine venge ance on a people devoted to deftruction;-and it is a falfe unfcriptural humanity to yield to animal fenfation, when God has expressly faid, "Thine eye fhall not pity them, neither fhalt thou fpare them." Mrs. Hannah More, alfo, for daring to addrefs the public in behalf of popish priests, is complimented with the bandfome titles of a wolf in a fine fheepskin, and the daughter of the father of lies, who would doubtlefs have made an excellent maid of honour to bloody Queen Mary. If this be not zeal without knowlege, and against charity, it is hard to fay what can be fo. E. Art. 42. A Charitable Morfel of Unleavened Bread, for the Author of a Letter to the Rev. William Romaine, entitled Gideon's Cake of Barley Meal: being a Reply to that Pamphlet. 8vo. 6d. Mathews. 1793. This is a fenfible and well-written defence of the conduct of Mr. Romaine, of Mrs. Hannah More, and of the public, in treating with humanity the wretched outcafts of France. The author has afforded an excellent example of that fpirit of Chriftian forbearance, which "renders not railing for railing, but, contrariwife, bleffing.' MATHEMATICAL. E. Art. 43. Defcription and Use of the Telescopical Mother-of-Pearl MicroInvented by Tiberius Cavallo, F. R. S. 8vo. 1s. Dilly. meter. 1793. The fubitance of this pamphlet was first published in the Philofophical Tranfactions, vol. lxxxi. for the year 1791, and an account of the invention is given at p. 62. of our Review for May 1792, vol. viii. N. S. In the pamphlet before us, Mr. Cavallo has enlarged on that part which relates to the ufe of the inftrument, and has added examples to illuftrate the rules, with fome tables to facilitate the operations. He has alfo fhewn how the combination of glass, which is usually contained in the eye-tube of a common refracting telescope, may be used as a microfcope; and, confequently, how the micrometer may be applied to measure the lineal dimenfions of microscopical objects. Mr. Cavallo has likewife informed us how this combination of glaffes in the eye-tube of a refracting telescope, with the micrometer in it, may be applied to measure the diameter of the small pencil of light at the eye-end of another telescope; and, thence, to find the magnifying power of that telescope.-This mode of doing it Mr. Ramfden long fince explained, and made an instrument for meafuring the diameter of the pencil with the utmost accuracy:-but Mr. Cavallo's method of applying his micrometer, as a Vernier, to fubdivide the larger divifions of aftronomical inftruments, gave us much pleafure; as it is, to us, perfectly new, ingenious, and fimple in its application. It is however, in fome degree, fubject to the fame objections to which Mr. Ramfden's microfcopical method of reading off is liable; namely, a change of place in the microscope, from accidents, or partial heat on that part of the inftrument which fupports the mi croscope. Wa. AMERICA. AMERICA. Art.44. Return of the whole Number of Perfons within the feveral Dif- The total number of inhabitants in the United States of North America is computed to be 3,893,635; to which are to be added -35,691 in the fouth-western territory, and thofe of the north-western territory, of which no return has yet been published: fo that, if the whole were to be reckoned at four millions, it is probable that no great error will be committed. The particulars of each district, town, and clafs of inhabitants are specified; among which, flaves amount to 694,280. The tabular claffes will be most useful to political calculators in that part of the globe. N. NEGRO-SLAVERY. Art. 45. Slavery inconfiftent with Justice and good Policy, proved by a That it should be neceffary, in an American convention, to use ar guments against flavery, may be deemed a reflection on the States as deficient in the practice of liberty. Mr. Rice is ftrenuous for taking off this reproach. He employs a number of plain, well-adapted, and forcible reasonings to fhew the impolicy, as well as the injuftice, of continuing negro-flavery in the American ftates. He reprobates lavery as a perpetual war against almost every thing dear to human nature, with an avowed purpose of never making peace;' and he very justly remarks that, in America a flave is a ftanding monument of the tyranny and inconfiftency of human governments.' He recommends gradual emancipation. Moo-y. NAUTICAL. Art. 46. A Treatife on the Theory and Practice of Seamanship: contain. ing general Rules for Manoeuvring Veffels, with a moveable Figure of a Ship, fo planned, that the Sails, Rudder, and Hull may be made to perform the Manoeuvres according to the Rule laid down. To the above is added a mifcellaneous Chapter on the various Contrivances against Accidents, and a Copper-plate of the Diagrams and Figures explained in the Work. By an Officer in the Service of the India Company. 8vo. pp. 100. 53. bound. Robinfons. 1793. As the theoretical part of this performance is contained in the first nineteen pages, much rigour of demonftration must not be expected: but what is given is generally clear, and to the purpose, and thews that the author understands what he is about: but it is not always without obfcurity, nor free from error. In the practical part, for which, undoubtedly, this publication will be chiefly read, the author has hewn himself a fkilful feaman; qualified to defcribe, with clearness and precision, the manoeuvres which he undertakes to explain. H 2 POLITICAL Wa. POLITICAL and COMMERCIAL. Art. 47. Outlines of a Plan for making the Tract of Land called The "New Foreft," a real Foreft, and for various other Purposes of the first national Importance; with a monitory Preface, announcing alío fome Undertakings in which every Englishman is interested. By the Rev. Philip le Brocq, A. M. Domeftic Chaplain to his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Gloucefter. 8vo. pp. 45. Bell. 1794. Is. 6d. This writer, who appears to be a warm, hearty, and earnest patriot, though not a friend of Oppofition,-has formed the idea of a plan for improving the New Foreft, in Hampshire, as a nursery for 'hip-timber; a defign which really seems to merit the serious and immediate attention of government, and of the public in general. I am,' fays Mr. Le Brocq, for the adoption of all plans which are vidently of high national importance.' So are we; and, on this principle, we fincerely with that his proposal, or fome propofal of the kind, may be duly weighed, and, if found not wanting in the balance, fpeedily made an object of the regard of those who have the power of acting, as well as the requifite opportunities of speculating on it. It is a vaft idea that Mr. Le Brocq has formed; and, if he be right in the main, whatever may be thought of particular parts and circumftances of it, pofterity may have reafon, [fhould this plan take effect,] to honour, with grateful remembrance, the name of a benefactor who, as he intimates in his preface, was ever ready even to facrifice his own private concerns and interefts to the general welfare of his country. We hear, with pleasure, that the fubject of the growth of timber in the New Forest is likely to come foon under parliamentary difcuffion. Art. 48. A Letter to a Member of the House of Commons, upon the Meeting of Parliament. By the Author of Letters to Mr. Fox upon the dangerous and inflammatory Tendency of his Conduct in Parliament, and upon the Principles, Duties, and Compofition of Minorities. 8vo. pp. 152. 3s. Owen. 1794. This doughty champion for the bloody bufinefs of the tented field has undertaken a talk to which even Herculean ftrength would be inadequate with his mighty club he attempts to knock down all oppofition to the prefent war, and at the fame time to demolish the minifters by whom it has been undertaken and conducted. Nothing feems above his power, at least in his own imagination: he would have placed Mr. Fox at the head of a majority of four-fifths of the nation, had that gentleman admitted the propriety of a rupture with France: hut now he is under the neceflity of levelling his artillery at once agaiuft Mr. Fox and Mr. Fox's opponents. It would feem as if the modern political writers confidered their fyftems as most brilliant, when they were molt paradoxical: difficulties ferve but to animate their exertions. When our author cenfures minifters, it is not because they began the war, but because they have, in his judgment, betrayed in the conduct of it a moft criminal neglect of the true interefts of their country. |