34 They have in their Colony Pinnaces, Barkes, great and small Boats many hundreds, for most of their Plantations stand upon the Rivers sides or up little Creeks, and but a small way into the Land so that for transportation and fishing they use many Boates.

35 They make Pitch and Tarre, (and there is materials in the Woods for abundance.) Also for Pot and Sope-ashes, Woods most proper and store: hands want.

36 That for Mulbery-trees, the natural and proper food for Silk-wormes, they have abundance in the woods, and some so large that one tree contains as many leaves as will feed Silkewormes that will make as much Silk as may be worth five pounds sterling money, this some French men affirme. And now they desire Silk-wormes-seed which is sent them, and their hopes are good of the thriving of it: A Commodity that may soon enrich them all with little labour, care or pains; all Materials so plentiful and at hand, the food in abundance, the Climate warm, and the work done in five weeks time, and within doors, by women and children as well as men, and at that time of the year in May, that it hinders not any other work or planting, sowing, or the like employments; such an advantage, that had the Dutch the like in any of their Plantations, they would improve it to the certaine gaine in the trade of Silke from Persia and China, which we fetch with great charge and expence and hazard, and inrich Heathen and Mahumetans greatly; but to these things lack Publick and State encouragements to begin the work: but more of this in an other place, it deserves a full handling.

37 Vines in abundance and variety, do grow naturally over all the land, but by the birds and beasts, most devouted before they come to perfection and ripenesse; but this testifies and declares, That the Ground, and the Climate is most proper, and the Commodity of Wine is not a contemptible Merchandize; but some men of worth and estate must give in these things example to the inferiour inhabitants and ordinary sort of men, to shew them the gain and Commodity by it, which they will not believe but by experience before their faces: And in Tobacco they can make 201. sterling a man, at 3d a pound per annum; and this they find and know, and the present gain is that, that puts out all endeavours from the attempting of others more Staple, and Sollid, and rich Commodities, out of the heads and hands of the Common people: So as I say, the wealthier sort of men must begin and give the example, and make the gain of other Commodities. as apparent to them, by the effecting them to perfection, or it will not (as it hath not hither unto) go forward.

38 That they have health very well, and fewer die in a yeer

there, according to the proportion, then in any place of England; since that men are provided with all necessaries, have plenty of victual, bread, and good beer, and houseing, all which the Englishmen loves full dearly.

39 That the Passengers also come safe and well: the seamen of late years having found a way, that now in 5, 6, and 7 weeks they saile to Virginia free from all Rocks, Sands, and Pirats; and that they return home again in 20 dayes sometimes, and 30 at most the Winds commonly serving more constantly, being Westerly homeward, the Easterly outward bound.

40 That the mouth of the two Capes of Land, Cape Henry on the South, and Cape Charles on the North; the entrance in is in 37 degrees: that the first River up the West is James River, where most of the Plantations are setled and Towns: the second is Charles river on the North of it; and the third called by the Indian name Tapahanuke, the 4 river Patawoenicke, the 5 river Patuxant, the 6 Bolus, the 7 Saquisahanuke: at the head of the great Bay of Chespiacke, into which Bay these 7 rivers from the West side of it do all enter and run into, and so the mouth of the Bay issueth out due East into the main Sea between the two aforesaid Capes: the Bay lies North and South, and hath a Channel in draught of 140 miles, and in depth between 5, 6, and 15 fathomes in some places. The widenesse of the Bay is from the West side which is the great Land, to the East side of the Land which joynes upon the Sea called the Acamake-shore; the widenesse and breadth of this Bay I say, is about 9, 10, and 14 miles broad in some places of it; and these 7 Rivers have their mouths into the Bay, not above 20 miles, each River is distant from the other: But this in Smiths Map is more at large described.

41 That some English about a thousand are seated upon the Acamake-shore by Cape Charles, (where Captaine Yeardly is chief Commander) now called the County of Northampton.

42 That they have Lime in abundance made for their houses, store of Bricks made, and House and Chimnies built of Brick, and some Wood high and fair, covered with Shingell for Tyle, yet they have none that make them, wanting workmen; in that trade the Brickmakers have not the art to do it, it shrinketh.

43 That since the Massacree, the Savages have been driven far away, many destroyed of them, their Towns and houses ruinated, their cleer grounds possessed by the English to sow Wheat in and their great King Opechaukenow (that bloody Monster upon 100 years old) was taken by Sir William Berkely the Governour.

44 All kinds of Trades-men may live well there, and do gaine

much by their labours and arts, as Turners, Potters, Coopers; to make all kind of earthen and wooden Vessels, Sawyers, Carpenters, Tyle-makers, Boat-wrights, Taylors, Shoemakers, Tanners, Fishermen, and the like.

45 Young youths from 16 yeers and upward, for Apprentises and Servants for some yeers, then to have Land given them, and Cattel to set them up. Thousands of these kinds of young boyes and maydens wanting.

46 That the Government is after the Lawes of England, (that is well for men before they go, to know under what Lawes they shall live:) A Governour and Councel of State; and yearly general Assemblies, men chosen and sent out of each County, (there being 12 in Virginia;) these men Vote, and by the major part all things are concluded; and they are Elected to those places by the most voices in the County for whom they are chosen, and by whom sent.

47 They have 20 Churches in Virginia, and Ministers to each, and the Doctrine and Orders after the Church of England: the Ministers Livings are esteemed worth at least 100l. per annum. they are paid by each planter so much Tobacco per Pole, and so many bushels of Corn: they live all in peace and love.

48 That for matter of their better knowledge of the Land they dwell in, the Planters resolve to make a further Discovery into the Country West and by South up above the Fall, and over the Hills, and are confident upon what they have learned from the Indians, to find a way to a West or South Sea by land or rivers, and to discover a way to China and East Indies or unto some other Sea that shall carry them thither; For Sir Francis Drake was on the back side of Virginia in his voyage about the World in 37 degrees just opposite to Virginia, and called Nova Albion, and by the Natives kindly used: And now all the question is only how broad the Land may be to that place from the head of James River above the Falls, but all men conclude if it be not narrow, yet that there is and will be found the like rivers issuing into a South Sea or a West Sea on the other side of those Hills, as there is on this side when they run from the West down into a East Sea after a course of 150 miles : but of this certainty M. Hen. Brigs that most judicious and learned Mathematician wrote a small Tractate, and presented it to that most noble Earle of Southampton then Governour of the Virginia Company in England, Ann. 1623. to which I referre for a full information.

And by such a Discovery the Planters in Virginia, shall gain the rich trade of the East India, and so cause it to be driven

through the Continent of Virginia, part by Land and part by Water, and in a most gainfull way and safe, and far lesse expenceful and dangerous, then now it is.

And they doubt not to find some rich and beneficiall Country and commodities not yet known to the world that lies West and by South now from their present Plantation.

49 That the Swedes have come and crept into a River called Delawar, that is, within the limits of Virginia in 38 degrees and 30 min. it lies, and are there planted, 100 of them drive a great and secret trade of Furs, which they trade for with the Natives: it is but 2 dayes journey by land from our Plantations, and a dayes sail by Sea from Cape Charles.

50 And again, the Hollanders have stolen into a River called Hudsons river in the limits also of Virginia (and about 39 degrees) they have built a strong Fort there, and call it Prince Maurice and New Netherlands, they drive a trade of Furres there with the Natives for above ten thousand pounds a yeer.

These two Plantations, are between Virginia and New England on our side of Cape Cood which parts us and New England.

Thus are the English nosed in all places, and out-traded by the Dutch, they would not suffer the English to use them so: But they have vigilant Statesmen, and advance all they can for a Common good, and will not spare any incouragements to their people to discover.

But it is well known, that our English Plantations have had little countenances, nay, that our Statesmen (when time was) had store of Gondemores gold to destroy and discountenance the Plantation of Virginia, and he effected it in a great part, by dissolving the Company, wherein most of the Nobility, Gentry, Corporate Cities, and most Merchants of England, were. Interested and Engaged; after the expence of some hundred of thousands of pounds: For Gundemore did affirme to his Friends, that hee had Commission from his Master to ruine that Plantation. For, said he, should they thrive and goe on increasing, as they have done under the Government of that Popular L. of Southampton, my masters West-Indies, and his Mexico would shortly be visited by Sea and by Land, from those Planters in Virginia. And Marquis Hambleton told the Earle of Southampton, that Gundemore said to King James, that the Virginia Courts, was but a Seminarie to a Seditious Parliament. But this is but a touch by the way, for a future Item to our Countrey not to despise Plantations.

51 The Land in Virginia is most fruitfull, and produceth with very great increase, whatsoever is committed into the Bowells of it, Planted, Sowed. A fat rich Soile every where watered with many fine Springs, small Rivolets, and wholesome Waters.

52 The Countrey is with pleasant rising small Ascents and Descents Valleys, Hills, Meadowes, and some levell Upland: Its Woody all over, but where labour hath cleared the ground from Trees, and this truely is the great labour in Virginia, to fell Trees, and to get up the Roots, and so make cleare ground for the Plow.

53 Stones, and Rocks, and Quarries of severall kinds, and very fit for the Iron Furnaces (as triall hath been made to endure fire) are in divers places found in Virginia.

54 There is divers skins of Beasts for Merchandize and uses, as Beavers, Otters, Squirrels, wild Cats, and Christall is there found.

55 Divers kinds of Druggs, Gummes, Dyes, Paints, that the Indians use.

56 There is a kind of Flax the Indians use to make threeds of and strings, we call it silke grasse, i'ts fine to make both Linnen and Stuffe of it; abundance in many places of it groweth.

57 To the Southward of James River, some fiftie miles by Land, and eighty by Sea, lyes the River Chawanok: whither Master Porey went by Land, and reported, the King there told him, that within ten days Journey Westward towards Sun setting there were a people that did gather out of a River sand, the which they washed in Sives, and had a thing out of it, that they then put into the Fire, which melted and became like to our Copper, and offered to send some of his People to guide him to that place. But master Porey being not provided with men as he would have had of English, he returned to Sir George Yearly, and acquainted him with the Relation. But before they could prepare for the Journey, and Discovery, the first Massacre happened, and so to this day it hath beene unattempted. The Company also in England was dissolved, their Patent most unjustly, against all Law and Conscience, taken from them. Procured by the Spanish Gold and Faction, and the Colony never looked after, whether sinke or swimme; and hath now these twenty foure yeares since, laboured for life, and onely to subsist with much adoe; The Cattell then left, increased to what you heare, and in all these many years no more People in it, and they having little Incouragement, and great uncertainties, whether ever to be continued a Colony, whereby men have had