Egyptian and Roman monarchs, to Antoninus Pius, when Ptolemy flourished; and numbers the years of their reigns by the number only of the Thoths, or rather Egyptian new year days included in them. To this Canon, therefore, we keep invariably in the present period; having carefully examined it in Greek and Latin, both in Calvisius and Petavius, in Greek only in Mr. Gregory, and in Latin only in Mr. Cary and Mr. Whiston. I have observed several errors in the four former printed copies, whereas the table in Mr. Whiston seems to be free from any, except in the column he adds of the years of the Julian Period, which seem to be too many by one down from the beginning of the reign of Darius Hystaspis, (c) and which I have here corrected. But as we must reduce the Egyptian year in this ancient Canon to the present Julian, I shall from this time forward begin the year with the first of January, throughout our following Chronology.

e That is, Darius the son of Hystaspis.

I. BABYLONIAN MONARCHS.

17 Nebuchadnezzar VII m. his governor Gedaliah

13417

421

21

killed.

Nebuzaradan carries the rest of the Jews to Babylon. Pythagoras born, and lives 80 years. (d)

Nebuchadnezzar dies, and his

son Evilmerodach succeeds. XII m. 25 d. i. e. April 15, Jeconias released from prison. (e) Reigns two years. (ƒ)

He is killed by Nericassolasser,
his sister's husband.
Reigns four years.

He is slain in battle by Cyaxe-
res (i. e. Darius the Mede)
and Cyrus. (g)

i. e. Belshazzar, son to Evilmerodach, reigns 17 years. Babylon taken, and Belshazzar slain.

II. PERSIAN MONARCHS.

With his uncle Darius, reign together 2 years.

Darius dying, Cyrus reigns 7

d Stanley, who critically searches into this matter.

e January 11, this year is Nebuchadnezzar's 43d Egyptian new year day, and in the following summer, the 37th year of Jeconias's captivity ends; Nebuchadnezzar therefore dies between January 11, and April 15 of this year. f This is the first Egyptian new year day of Evilmerodach's reign; and

so of the rest.

g Nericassolasser's son Laborosoarchod reigns 9 months and then is killed; bat there being no Egyptian new year day in his reign, the Canon omits him. h Both the Scripture and Xenophon call this the first year of Cyrus.

i For the reason above, the Canon leaves out Smerdis a counterfeit son of Cyrus, who succeeded Cambyses 7 months, and was then discovered and killed. j Calvisius and Helvicus.

Calvisius, Helvicus, Cary, Strauchius, Newton, &c.

559 e

560 b

569

573

574 b

577

17 1 Artaxerxes

Dr. Prideaux.

m Usher.

The Persians invade Attica, and
are beat at Marathon. (m)
Darius dies.
And his younger

son,

By Attossa, daughter to Cyrus,
reigns 21 years.
Herodotus born. (m)

Xerxes passes into Greece with
two million of men, and his

vast navy beat at the Straits of Salamis. (m)

Thucydides born. (m)

Socrates born, and lives 70

years.

Xerxes killed. And his younger

son

Longimanus, reigns 41 years. Democritus born, and soon after, Hypocrates. (n) ·

I m. 1 d. Ezra being appointed to restore the religious state of Judea, sets out from Babylon.

V m. 1 d. he arrives at Jerusa

lem.

IX m. Chislieu, Nehemiah informed of the wretched state of Judea and Jerusalem.

I m. Nisan, he is appointed to rebuild the city, and made governor of Judea for 12 years. (0)

Isocrates born, and lives 98 Y. Meton observes the Summer Solstice to be on June 27 in the morning, and forms the Lunar Cycle of 19 years. (m) This spring, the Peloponesian war begins. (m)

Plato born, and lives 80 years. Artaxerxes dies. (p) And his bastard son

Nothus reigns 19 years.

He dies. And his son

Mnemon called Arfaces, reigns 46 years.

n Diogenes Laertius.

o By comparing the two last articles it seems that Artaxerxes began his reign between Nisan and Chislieu in the year of the world 3540.

p His only lawful son Xerxes succeeded, but was quickly killed and succeeded by his brother Sogdian, and he by his brother Nothus; but as the two former reigned but eight months, and had no Egyptian new year day included, the Canon therefore leaves them both out.

Epicurus born, and lives 72 years. (km n)

Ochus poisoned. And his young

est son called

Arses, reigns 2 years.

He is also poisoned, and the whole race of Mnemon cut off. (q)

Codomannus, great-grandson of Nothus, reigns 4 years. Alexander sails to Asia. (m) May 20, he beats the Persian army at the Granicus. (m) November, he beats Darius at Issus. (m)

He founds Alexandria in Egypt
whence the Canon begins his
reign. (m)

III. GRECIAN MONARCHS.
The Great, reigns 8 years.
October 1, (r) he beats Darius
near Arbela, and takes Baby-
lon, &c. (mr)

June 28, Darius killed by his
officers, the Persian empire
goes to the Grecians, and
Calippus begins his period of
76 years (m rs) (1)

May 22, Alexander dies. And his bastard brother

Arideus, reigns 7 years.

He is killed. And Alexander's

⚫ son

Egus, by Roxana, reigns. (u)
September 6, (8) Seleucus seizes
Babylon, and reigns. (v)

q Though he had three sons by his queen, and 115 sons by concubines. r Strauchius.

$ Alsted.

t Strauchius says it began at the Summer Solstice; and Alsted, on June 28. u The Canon makes it twelve years from the beginning of his reign to the beginning of the reign of Ptolemy Lagus over Egypt.

Whence the era of the Seleucides begins with the Eastern nations; except

the Chaldeans who begin it in the following spring, and the first book of Maccabees in the spring before. (Alsted.)

w The following six years being times of great confusion, through the strife of Alexander's generals for the several parts of the empire, till Ptolemy Lagus comes to be settled king of Egypt; the Canon therefore adds the said six years also to Egus.

x Cary.

y Dr. Prideaux.