sisting of one standard yard measure; one set of standard weights, comprising one troy pound, and nine avoirdupois weights of one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, twentyfive, and fifty pounds, respectively; one set of standard troy ounce weights, divided decimally from ten ounces to the one ten-thousandths of an ounce; one set of standard liquid capacity measures, consisting of one wine gallon of two hundred and thirty-one cubic inches, one half-gallon, one quart, one pint, and one half-pint measure; and one standard half bushel, containing one thousand and seventyfive cubic inches and twenty-one hundredths of a cubic inch, according to the inch hereby adopted as the standard, are the standards of weights and measures throughout the state. En. March 12, 1872. Sealers of weights and measures: Ante, secs. 561-567. False weights and measures: Pen. Code, secs. 552-555. $ 3210. The unit of extension. The standard yard is the unit or standard measure of length and surface from which all other measures of extension, whether lineal, superficial, or solid, are derived and ascertained. En. March 12, 1872. § 3211. Division of the yard. The yard is divided into three equal parts, called feet, and each foot into twelve equal parts, called inches; for measures of cloths and other commodities commonly sold by the yard, it may be divided into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths. En. March 12, 1872. § 3212. The rod, the mile, and the chain. The rod, pole, or perch, contains five and a half yards, and the mule one thousand seven hundred and sixty yards; the chain for measuring land is twenty-two yards long, and divided into one hundred equal parts, called links. En. March 12, 1872. 3213. The acre. The acre for land measure must be measured horizontally, and contains ten square chains, and is equivalent in area to a rectangle sixteen rods in length and ten in breadth; six hundred and torty acres being contained in a square mile. En. March 12, 1872. $ 3214. The unit of weights. The standard avoirdupois and troy weights are the units or standards of weight from which all other weights are derived and ascertained. En. March 12, 1872. § 3215. Division of the pound. The avoirdupois pound, which bears to the troy pound the ratio of seven thousand to five thousand seven hundred and sixty, is divided into sixteen equal parts, called ounces; the hundredweight consists of one hundred avoirdupois pounds, and twenty hundredweight constitute a ton. The troy onuce is equal to the twelfth part of the troy pound. En. March 12, 1872. Cal.Rep.Cit. 109, 310; 120, 630. § 3216. Unit of liquid measures. The standard gallon and its parts are the units or standards of measure of capacity for liquids, from which all other measures of liquids are derived and ascertained. En. March 12, 1872. 3217. The barrel, the hogshead. The barrel is equal to thirty-one and a half gallons, and two barrels constitute a hogshead. En. March 12, 1872. § 3218. Unit of solid measure. The standard half bushel is the unit or standard measure of capacity for substances other than liquids, from which all other measures of such substances are derived and ascertained. En. March 12, 1872. § 3219. Division of the half bushel. The peck, half peck, quarter peck, quart, and pint measures for measuring commodities other than liquid are derived from the half bushel by successively dividing that measure by two. En. March 12, 1872. § 3220. Division of capacity for commodities. The measures of capacity for coal, ashes, marl, manure, Indian corn in the ear, fruit, and roots of every kind, and for all other commodities commonly sold by heap measure, are the half bushel and its multiples and subdivisions; and the measures used to measure such commodities must be made cylindrical, with plane and even bottom, and must be of the following diameters from outside to outside: the bushel, nineteen and a half inches; half bushel, fifteen and a half inches, and the peck, twelve and a third inches. En. March 12, 1872. § 3221. Heap measure. All commodities sold by heap measure must be duly heaped up in the form of a cone; the outside of the measure, by which the same are measured, to be the limit of the base of the cone, and such cone to be as high as the article will admit. En. March 12, 1872. $ 3222. Contracts construed accordingly. Contracts made within this state for work to be done, or for anything to be sold or delivered by weight or measure, must be construed according to the foregoing standards. En. March 12, 1872. Cal.Rep.Cit. 120, 630. $ 3223. Weights of bushels of various products. Whenever wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, buckwheat, or oats, are sold by the bushel, and no special agreement as to the weight or measurement is made by the parties, the bushel consists of sixty pounds of wheat, of fifty-four pounds of rye, of fifty-two pounds of Indian corn, of fifty pounds of barley, of forty pounds of buckwheat, and of thirty-two pounds of oats. En. March 12, 1872. Cal. Rep.Cit. 47, 510. 3233. § 3234. $ 3235. CHAPTER IX. LABOR AND MATERIAL ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Labor must be done by day's work. Material must be furnished by contract. § 3233. Labor must be done by day's work. All work done upon the public buildings of this state must be done under the supervision of a superintendent, or state officer or officers having charge of the work, and all labor employed on such buildings, whether skilled or unskilled, must be employed by the day, and no work upon any of such buildings must be done by contract. En. March 12, 1872. Acts relating to public works: See General Laws, title Public Works. § 3234. Material must be furnished by contract. All materials to be used on any of the public buildings must be furnished by contract, in accordance with the plans and specifications and proposals therefor. En. March 12, 1872. Cal. Rep. Cit. 47, 510. See General Laws, title Public Works. § 3235. Product of Mongolian labor. No supplies of any kind or character, "for the benefit of the state, or to be paid for by any moneys appropriated or to be appropriated by the state," manufactured or grown in this state, which are in whole or in part the product of Mongolian labor, shall be purchased by the officials for the state having the control of any public institution under the control of the state, or of any county, city and county, city, or town thereof. En. Stats. 1887, 171. CHAPTER X. HOURS OF LABOR. § 3244. Eight hours a day's work. § 3245. § 3246. § 3247. § 3247. § 3248. Form of complaint. § 3249. § 3250. Same, on public works. Twelve hours on street cars. Recovery for labor over twelve hours daily. Provisions applicable to contracts to labor. Hours of labor on street cars. Penalty for violation. § 3244. Eight hours a day's work. Eight hours of labor constitutes a day's work, unless it is otherwise expressly stipulated by the parties to a contract, except those contracts within the provisions of sections three thousand two hundred and forty-six, three thousand two hundred and forty-seven, and three thousand two hundred and fortyeight of this code. En. March 12, 1872. Am'd. 1887, 101. § 3245. Same, on public works. Eight hours' labor constitute a legal day's work in all cases where the same is performed under the authority of any law of this state, or under the direction, control, or by the authority of any officer of this state acting in his official capacity, or under the direction, control, or by the authority of any municipal corporation within this state, or of any officer thereof acting as such; and a stipulation to that effect must be made a part of all contracts to which the state or any municipal corporation therein is a party. En. March 12, 1872. Cal. Rep. Cit. 47, 509; 98, 588; 98, 589; 98, 590; 98, 591. Hours of labor: See General Laws, title Hours of Labor. § 3246. Twelve hours on street cars. Twelve hours' labor constitutes a day's work on the part of drivers and conductors, and gripmen of street cars for the carriage of passengers. Any contract for a greater number of hours' labor in one day shall be and is void, at the option of the employee, without regard to the terms of employment, whether the same be by the hour, day, week, month, or any other period of time, or by or according to the trip or trips that the car may, might, or can make between the termini of the route, or any less distance thereof. Any and every person laboring over twelve hours in one day as driver, or conductor, or gripman, on any street railroad, shall receive from his employer thirty cents for each hour's labor over twelve hours in each day. En. Stats. 1887, 101. § 3247. Recovery for labor over twelve hours daily. In actions to recover the value or price of labor under section three thousand two hundred and forty-six of this code, the plaintiff may include in one action his claim for the number of days, and the number of hours' work over twelve hours in each day, performed by him for the defendant, and the court shall exclude all evidence of agreement to labor over twelve hours in one day for a less price than thirty cents, and the court shall exclude any receipt of payment for hours of labor over twelve hours in one day, unless it be established that at least thirty cents for each hour of labor over twelve hours in one day has been actually paid, and a partial payment shall not be deemed or considered a payment in full. En. Stats. 1887, 102. § 3247. Preference in purchase of supplies. Any person, committee, board, officer, or any other person charged with the purchase, or permitted or authorized to purchase supplies, goods, wares, merchandise, manufactures or produce, for the use of the state, or of any of its institutions or officers, or for the use of any county or consolidated city and county, or city, or town, shall always, price, fitness, and quality equal, prefer such supplies, goods, wares, merchandise, manufactures or produce as has been grown, manufactured, or produced in this state, and shall next prefer such as have been partially so manufactured, grown, or produced in this state. All state, county, city and county, city or town officers, all boards, commissions, or other persons charged with advertising for any such supplies shall state in their advertisement that such preferences will be made. In any such advertisement no bid shall be asked for any article of a specific brand or mark nor any patent apparatus or appliances, when such requirement would prevent proper competition on the part of dealers in other articles of equal value, utility, or merit. En. Stats. 1897, 208. $ 3248. Form of complaint. In actions under section three thousand two hundred and forty-six of this code the complaint may be in the following form: Title of case |