those shown from Frankfort. Charts by F. A. Schmidt, of Bonn, outline the influence and results of physical exercise in youth. Other charts give the system of measurements used in determining whether children are ready for higher mental work. The distribution of playgrounds in the main industrial district of Germany is indicated by maps, and a painting reproduces the wellshaded playground at Königsberg. Outdoor gymnasia, baths, military work, camping, and outlines of physical examinations suggest the nature of the work in Eberfeld and other schools of like rank.

The exhibit from the primary schools of England is especially complete. In London each school has an instructor under whom the younger children work in the schoolroom or on the playground, and the older children in a gymnasium. Each district has its pool, and swimming is a part of the curriculum. The preliminary exercises are taught standing and lying on the floor. The course of instruction also includes life-saving drills, and certificates are given to those who can swim twenty yards. Photographs of some of the champions, and a full explanation of the system, make a study of this exhibit most helpful. Outlines of the gymnastic work show that it is based on the Swedish system. Similar work is shown for Leeds and Liverpool. Leeds has ten baths with eleven instructors, and lessons are given from April 20 to September 21. Physical work in Liverpool includes Saturday-afternoon rambles. At present each city outlines its own course, but a committee recently appointed for the purpose of suggesting a uniform course has just completed its report. Among secondary schools for boys, Eton and Rugby show military work, tests in swimming, a meet and games, and suggest the great amount of attention given rowing by schools situated on a river. Secondary schools for girls show lacrosse, cricket in gloves and shin guards, hockey in gymnasium costume, rowing, and gymnasium work. At the universities gymnastic and athletic work is not compulsory, each man being so "keen" for this training that restraint instead is necessary. A Durham football costume differs materially from the padded American armor. Thick boots, short knickerbockers, golf hose, and bicolored shirts with the sleeves rolled up complete the outfit. A woman in the affiliated colleges at Oxford has as recreations hockey, tennis, and rowing.

Photographs from the Royal Institute at Stockholm illustrate the pure Swedish positions, and the use of Swedish apparatus so typically that the pictures themselves could be used as standards for imitation in teaching the system. In addition, there are models of Swedish "playing tools" designed, in size, for children from eight to fifteen years of age. These comprise equipment for a game similar to our basket-ball, altho the ball is smaller; and for another similar to baseball (the bat being wider); and further skees, bowling and other wooden balls, and poles and standards for vaulting.

In fascinating wistaria-hung arbors Japanese children and normal-school girls seem to be happy at gymnastic games. In a girls' high school some are Eyre & Spottiswoode, E. Harding St., Fleet St., London, E. C. Price, 12 cents and postage.

busy with a lesson in etiquette, and others, with the sleeves of their native costumes tied behind their backs, go thru with exercises which would surely have drawn approval from Delsarte. But progress is evident, for in an up-todate gymnasium girls in bloomers take their lesson from a teacher from the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics. In several exhibits men are engaged in European gymnastics.

All Chinese classes, including girls in mission schools and men in the outdoor gymnastic work of the military schools, are in native costume.

Brazil sends pictures of military and gymnastic work in tropical yards by men in cool white costumes.

Models of longer clubs and shorter bar-bells than our manufacturers offer find place in the exhibit from Argentine; also children's classes with hand apparatus.

Cuba's exhibit evidences the influence of the teachers trained at the New Paltz (N. Y.) Normal School. In the public schools, work in gymnastics is compulsory from the little thatched country school to the highest school supported by the government, and is general in private schools. Havana, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, and Santiago show games, light apparatus, croquet, and basket-ball.

Institutions for the deaf and dumb make use of the concentration developed by physical training as an aid in auditory work. American and British prisons and reformatories show compulsory baths, indoor work, and outdoor games as a means of uplifting and reclaiming.

Hospitals and institutions for the insane show field sports and gymnastic classes. Johns Hopkins Hospital exhibits an orthopedic shoe for the correction of flat feet. The Battle Creek (Mich.) Sanitarium shows gymnasium and natatorium, and Swedish mechanical movements. Boards of health exhibit gymnasia and public baths. The Muskoka Lake region shows a camp with a gymnasium for the treatment of pulmonary affections.

With regard to physical training, the Women's Christian Temperance Union has compiled statistics grouping states with compulsory laws. The home economics exhibit indicates, as one line of work of the Association of Collegiate Alumnæ, the study of physical education for girls.

The National Cash Register Manufacturing Co., of Dayton, O., finds it advantageous to maintain an instructor and classes for its employees and their families. Dancing classes for the children are considered as important as gymnastics for the men of the office force.

Of the publishing houses, Silver, Burdett & Co., the American Book Co., and the Milton Bradley Co. offer books upon the subject under discussion.

From this display of physical training several conclusions may be drawn. Physical training is in general use in the United States, from universities and colleges to, and including, primary schools. In institutions of all ranks and for either sex, basket-ball takes the place of systematic training until the equipment for regular work is procured. The uniform presence of football exhibits

would indicate that it is here to stay. The ugly and bungling bloomer costume worn by the strong-minded woman of the past decade has given place to an appropriate and attractive suit, whose general use extends even to outdoor games and contests. Physical training has come to be an essential, not only for the normal, but for the abnormal; not only for development, but for physical, mental, and moral correction.

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION

SECRETARY'S MINUTES

FIRST SESSION.-TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1904

The department met in the reading-room, Ea. t Gallery, Transportation Building, and was called to order at 2: 30 P. M., by president Wilbur A. Fiske.

A report of the committee appointed at the 1903 meeting, "to request the National Council to consider the advisability of appointing a committee to discuss the subject of physics teaching in high schools which prepare few pupils for college, and to formulate a course of physics for such schools," was made, in the absence of the chairman, by Frank M. Gilley, of Chelsea, Mass. He reported progress, and was instructed by the president to present the matter of the necessary appropriation to the National Council then in session, and to report at the meeting tomorrow.

The following program was then presented:

Topic: "Discussion of Louisiana Purchase Exhibits."

1. "A Comparative Study of the Methods of Science Instruction of the Various Countries as Shown by Their Exhibits," by William J. S. Bryan, principal of Central High School, St. Louis, Mo.

2. "The Nature and Educational Value of the Scientific Exhibits of High Schools and Colleges of the United States," by George Platt Knox, principal of Garfield School, St. Louis, Mo.

3. "Applied Geography, Illustrated from the Louisiana Purchase," by Arthur G. Clement University of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y.

The discussion of these papers was opened by Chester B. Curtis, Central High School, St. Louis, Mo., and was followed by a number of questions which were answered by the speakers.

The following Committee on Nominations was appointed by the president:

E. R. Whitney, of New York.

Hubert J. Schmitz, of New York.

Chester B. Curtis, of Missouri.

The department adjourned at 4:15 P. M. to meet Wednesday, June 29, 1904, at 2 P. M.

SECOND SESSION.-WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29

The meeting was called to order at 2:20 P. M. by President Fiske, and the following papers on biological and physical science were presented:

1. "The Microscope in the Biological Laboratory of the High School," by John F. Thompson, instructor in botany High School, Richmond, Ind.

Discussion led by S. M. Coulter, professor of botany, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.

2. "The Subject-Matter of High-School Physics," by Arthur L. Foley, professor of physics, State University, Bloomington, Ind.

3. "The Value of Chemistry in Secondary Education," by W. M. Blanchard, professor of chemistry. De Pauw University Greencastle, Ind.

Discussion was led by August F. Foerste, instructor in physics, Steele High School, Dayton, O., and H. A. Senter, head of Chemical Department, Omaha High School, Omaha, Neb., who were followed by E. R. von Nordroff, head of Science Department, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, N. Y., and several others.