only knows him as facundus (vii. 91. 1), we may infer that he had not then appeared as a poet.1 Suidas (from Malalas, x. p. 263 Bonn), the Scholia, and the Lives of Juvenal, add the following particulars. He was "libertini locupletis incertum filius an alumnus " (Vit. 1, 2, cf. 4 ed. Jahn), and of great stature (Juv. aliqui Gallum propter corporis magnitudinem, aliqui Aquinatem dicunt, Schol. i. 1). He attained the equestrian dignity (Vit. 5, 6: but see Juv. iii. 154 sq.), and for censuring the advancement of a histrio (vii. 88 sq., Schol. vii. 92) was sent into exile (Sidonius, who lived in the fifth century A.D., alludes to this: Non qui tempore Cæsaris secundi Eterno incoluit Tomos reatu: Nec qui consimili deinde casu Ad vulgi tenuem strepentis auram Irati fuit histrionis exsul, ix. 266 sq.). In the bare fact of the exile the Lives agree: in every circumstance of it they differ;-as to its author (whether Nero, Domitian, or Trajan), its place (whether the extremity of Egypt [probably from Sat. xv. 45], the Oasis, the Libyan Pentapolis, or Scotland [probably from Sat. ii. 161]), even as to its occasion (Schol. iv. 38 ascribes it to the offence taken by Domitian at the words calvo Neroni). We are further told that "quanquam octogenarius urbe summotus est missusque ad præfecturam cohortis in extrema Ægypti parte tendentis: id supplicii genus placuit, ut levi atque joculari delicto par esset." Whether he died in exile, or after his return (of a broken heart, on hearing of his old friend Martial's death! Vit. 3), is also a disputed point. From the examination of unauthenticated accounts in themselves so contradictory and so improbable, no satis 1 That Juvenal wrote after Martial follows from Sat. iii. 222, v. 147 (see the notes), in which he seems to have adapted Martial's verses, as elsewhere he does passages of Cicero, Virgil, Seneca, and others. factory results can be deduced: far more interesting and instructive would it be to collect citations (as Wyttenbach has done for Plutarch), in proof of the poet's reputation during succeeding ages. Such a series would include (not to mention Quintilian, in whom some have discovered an allusion to Juvenal; see however Spalding ad x. 1 § 94) Tertullian (Sat. iii. 41 n.), Ammianus (Quidam detestantes ut venena doctrinas, Juvenalem et Marium Maximum curatiore studio legunt, nulla volumina præter hæc in profundo otio contrectantes: quam ob causam, non judicioli est nostri, xxviii. 4 § 14), Jerome (Sat. i. 15 n.), Rutilius (Hujus vulnificis, Satira ludente, Camenis Nec Turnus potior, nec Juvenalis erit, It. i. 603, 604), Sidonius, Servius, Macrobius (Sat. i. 15 n.), Martianus Capella (Sat. iii. 118 n.), Priscian, Acron (Satira istius inter Lucilii est et Juvenalis. Nam et asperitatem habet, quam Lucilius, et suavitatem, quam Juvenalis, mixtam in opere suo. Denique nisi Juvenalis scripsisset, isto nemo esset melior, ad Hor. S. i. 1. 1), Ennodius (ad Camenalem ignominiam, quibus nunquam Gluvidenus [Cluvienus] deest, versus adjeci; et perituræ, ut dictum est, chartæ non peperci, Præf. Carm. 7, Bibl. Patr. Max. ix. p. 420; cf. Juv. i. 18, 80), and lastly the medieval writers, Peter of Blois, John of Salisbury, Vincent of Beauvais, &c., who often cite our poet by the name of Ethicus (Fabric. Bibl. Lat. ii. 358 Ern.). In our own time there is no classic, except Horace, who is more familiarly quoted. An estimate of Juvenal's genius, or a discussion of the rival merits of the Roman satirists generally, would be out of place in a work designed to embody ascertained facts, rather than disputable opinions. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Sat. i. i. 2. tot.] Plin. Ep. iii. 18 (Sat. iii. 9 n.), ib. iv. 5. 13. For iii. 86, read iii. 91. i. 16. alt.] For Dial. Mor. read Dial. Marin. 51. luc.] Mart. viii. 3. 18. i. 34. For 292, read 259. i. i. 55. len.] Apul. De Mag. 75, Quintil. Decl. 325. i. 61. Aut.] Auson. Epist. xiv. 10. i. 76. Sat. xii. 47. i. 95. Secr.] Lucian, Saturn. 34. i. 100. For Juv. viii. 41, read viii. 42. i. 113. Van Heusde in the Miscell. Philol. et Pædag. Amstel. 1850, p. 89, has a worthless note on this line. i. 119. tog. &c.] Calceos... proprium toga tormentum, Tert. De Pall. 5. i. 128. for.] Tot millia ad forum prima luce properantia, Sen. De Ir. ii. 7 § 3. i. 137. (col. b. lin. 17). For menses, read mensas. i. 141. For μονόφαγος, read μονοφάγος. i. 157. Cic. Verr. iv. §§ 9, 64, in Vatin. § 24, Plin. Ep. i. 5 § 11, Martian. Cap. § 112. i. 160. dig.] Martian. Cap. § 90 Kopp. i. 161. Krüger, Die Attraction, &c. p. 196 n. i. 171. Pauly, v. p. 1800, Herald. Advers. i. 6. iii. 2. vac.] Lucan, i. 24 sq., vii. 399. iii. 13 text. For præstantius, read præsentius. iii. 42. posc.] Plin. Ep. vi. 21 § 7. iii. 61. fæc.] Nulloque frequentem Cive suo Romam, sed mundi fæce repletam, Lucan, vii. 404, 405. iii. 68. Cic. De Rep. iv § 9. iii. 69. Becker, Röm. Alt. i. p. 538 n. iii. 75. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 27. iii. 88. Philostratus describes another Hercules as εὐτραφῶς ἔχοντα τοῦ αὐχένος, τουτὶ δ ̓ ἐκ πόνων ἥκειν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον ἢ σίτου, Sophist. ii. 1 § 12. iii. 100. Rides, &c.] Zeonpótes, оte oi tpépovtes yeλŵoi, Plut. Mor. p. 13 B. iii. 128 sq. Sen. De I en. vi. 33, 34, Mart. ix. 101. iii. 131. Div.] vii. 16 n., Sill. ad Plin. xxxiii. 6 (1) § 23. iii. 143. Sat. xiv. 207, Erasm. Adag. Quantum habet. Pecuniæ vir. iii. 186. met. barb.] viii. 166. dep.] Mart. v. 48, vii. 29. 3. iv. 50. Dig. xlvii. 10. 13 § 7. iv. 57. quart.] Paul. Ægin. i. p. 245 sq. Transl. iv. 109. fun.] Ov. Ex Pont. i. 9. 52, Mart. iii. 12. 4, 5. iv. 110. ap.] Servili manu regalem aperire jugulum, Sen. De Ir. i. 2 § 2. iv. 130. Concid.] Carnifex manum tollat, deinde respiciat ad patrem, et dicat: Agon' [Shall I do] quod fieri solet victimis? Asin. Poll. ap. Sen. ii. Contr. 11 post med. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Sat. v. 40. Cic. Verr. iv § 33. v. 56. For 111, 186, read iii. 186. xix v. 85. By feria is meant the festival and not the victuals, as seems to be implied in the note. v. 107 (col. b. line 11). For B.C. read A.D. v. 147. sed] Mart. vi. 70. 5, 78. 7, xii. 18. 22. vii. 15. Plut. Sull. 22. vii. 48. sulc.] Sen. De Ben. iv. 9 § 2. vii. 125. curr.] Nemo, quamvis pro se dixerit, affuisse sibi dicitur, nec statuam sibi tanquam patrono ponit, Sen. De Ben. v. 8 § 2. vii. 131. vex.] Ammian. xxviii. 4 §§ 8, 9. vii. 149. Afr.] Illic [at Carthage] enim omnia officiorum publicorum instrumenta, illic artium liberalium scholæ, illic philoso phorum officinæ, cuncta denique vel linguarum gymnasia vel morum, Salvian. vii. p. 170, ed. 1669: Anthol. Meyer, 290. 30. vii. 163. Sat. vi. 291, Sen. De Ir. ii. 2 § 6. vii. 167. soph.] Philostr. Soph. i. 18 § 4. vii. 199. Tull.] Αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν Τύχην ἀνῆπτε, καὶ ἀνεδεῖτο τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐξ ἐκείνης· ὥστε καὶ συνεῖναι δοκεῖν αὐτῷ τὴν Τύχην · Οὕτως ἡ Σερουΐου βασιλεία παντάπασι τῆς τύχης, Plut. De Fortun. Rom. 10, pp. 322 E, 323 D. 66 vii. 209. Medical students took an oath: "ýyńσaolai μèv tòv didáğαντά με τὴν τέχνην ταύτην ἶσα γενέτῃσιν ἐμοῖσιν καὶ βίου Kowάouglaι, &c.," Hippocr. Jusjur. (vol. i. p. 1 Kühn). vii. 227. Flacc.] Hor. Ep. i. 19. 40. Mar.] Macrob. Sat. i. 24 § 5. vii. 228. Sat. xi. 7. vii. 239. Eschin adv. Timarch. §§ 9-12. viii. 29. Tert. adv. Marc. i. 13, Plut. Is. et Osir. i. 39 fin, Sen. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, vi. 10 § 2. viii. 46. Viv.] Dio, lxxii. 18. viii. 53. Herm.] Themist. p. 316 A, Hard. viii. 56. mut.] Sen. De Ir. i. 3 §§ 4, 5. iii. 59. For 86 § 3, read 83 § 6. viii. 70. Sen. De Ben. iv. 30. viii. 84. viv. caus.] Sat. xi. 11. viii. 103. eb.] In ebore vero longe citra æmulum, Quintil. xii. 10 § 9 (of Phidias). viii. 107. spol.] Cic. Verr. iv §§ 17, 19, v §§ 44 sq., 59. On the epithet occulta cf. ib. v §§ 66, 67. viii. 111. ad.] Tibull. i. 10. 20, Petron. 29. viii. 174. naut.] O vaνTIKòs Xλos kal ßávavσos, Plut. Dion, 48. viii. 180. Luc.] Ter. Phorm. ii. 1. 20. viii. 220. Dig. (Sat. x. 315 n.). viii. 226. ap] Diodor. xvi. 79. viii. 231 sq. Sen. De Ben. v. 16 § 1. viii. 246. Sen. De Ben. v. 16 § 2. viii. 252. Sen. De Ir. i. 11 § 2, cf. § 1, and, as regards the Germans, Tac. G. 4, H. v. 14, Agr. 11, Colum. iii. 8 § 2. x. 16. Dives Seneca, Auson. Grat. Act. § 31, Sen. ad Helv. 14 § 3. x. 54. The same thought, differently applied, is in Sen. De Ben. vi. 27 § 6 (Votum tuum aut supervacuum est aut injuriosum). x. 74. Nort.] Dennis's Etrur. i. 509. x. 120. Anthol. Meyer, 124. x. 141. Sen. De Ben. iv. 1 § 1, 20 § 1. x. 158. Sat. xii. 108. x. 170. Sat. xiii. 246. XX ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Sat. x. 172. Ov. Met. xii. 616. x. 288. Anthol. Meyer, 124 (esp. Nostræque cadens ferus Hannibal iræ Membra tamen Stygias tulit inviolata sub umbras, 24, 25). x. 307. arce] Themist. p. 256 A, Hard., Plut. Timol. 13, 22. x. 351. Sen. De Ben. iv. 33 §§ 2, 3, cf. ib. 32 § 1. xi. 100. Initium mirandi Græcarum artium opera, &c., Liv. xxv. 40. xi. 172. nud.] Cic. Verr. ii § 154, iv § 143. xi. 204. tog.] Mart. xii. 18. 17. xii. 87. cor.] Plaut. Aul. Prol. 25, Tibull. i. 10. 22, Cic. Verr. iv § 77. xii. 99. cœpit] Cic. Verr. iv § 92 Zumpt. xii. 122. Mille] Arell. Fusc. pat. ap. Sen. v. Contr. 35. xiii. 25. pyx.] Pyxidem et argenteam et auream dicimus, Sen. De Ben. v. 13 § 4. It is properly of box-wood. xiii. 46. turb.] Sen. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, vi. 10 § 3 (Omnem istam ig- xiii. 55. ass.] Sen. De Ir. ii. 21 § 6. p. xiii. 96. tanti] Sen. De Ben. vi. 22. lvii. n. xiii. 127. Il. xix. 285, Cic. Tusc. iii § 62, Sen. De Ir. i. 16 § 19. With Sat. xiv. cf. Tac. Dial. 28, 29. xiv. 4. For abstuli tilla, read abstulit illa. xiv. 10. (col. b. line 10). For quoque, read quisque. Ἐκπίπτουσι δὲ [οἱ πρῶτοι ὀδόντες] ἐπειδὰν ἐπὶ τὰ ἔτεα εἴη τῆς πρώτης τροφῆς, ἔστι δὲ καὶ οἷς πρότερον, ἢν ἀπὸ νοσερῆς τροφῆς φύσωσιν· τοῖς δὲ πλείστοισιν, ἐπειδὰν ἑπτὰ ἔτεα γένηται, Hippocr. De Carn. ad fin. (vol. i. p. 434 Kühn, cf. p. 444): id. ap. Phil. De Opif. Mund. § 36, Phil. ib. § 35. xiv. 103. monst.] Sen. De Ben. iv. 29. xiv. 106. Reprehendit [Seneca] etiam sacramenta Judæorum, et maxime sabbata; inutiliter eos facere affirmans, quod per illos singulos septem interpositos dies, septimam fere partem ætatis suæ perdant vacando, Aug. Civ. Dei, vi. 11. xiv. 109, 110. Hence Prudent. Psychom. 553, 554. xiv. 321. sap.] Φιλοσοφία μόνα θέλει ἃ ἡ φύσις σου θέλει, Antonin. v § 9. |