SATIRE XIV. IF our sons, Fuscinus, grow in vice as they grow in years, the fault is too often to be charged on a father's example (1-106). True as this is universally, it is most true of avarice; this vice alone is inculcated as a virtue yet, if parents would but suffer things to take their course, this also would soon spring up of itself, and alarm by its growth those who now blindly and suicidally foster it (107-331). Cf. Utinam liberorum nostrorum mores non ipsi perderemus. Infantiam statim deliciis solvimus: mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit. Quid non adultus concupiscet, qui in purpuris repit? Nondum prima verba exprimit, et jam coccum intelligit, jam conchylium poscit. Ante palatum eorum, quam os, instituimus. In lecticis crescunt: si terram attigerint, e manibus utrinque sustinentium pendent. Gaudemus, si quid licentius dixerint. Verba, ne Alexandrinis quidem permittenda deliciis, risu et osculo excipimus: nec mirum: nos docuimus, ex nobis audierunt. Nostras amicas, nostros concubinos vident: omne convivium obscenis canticis strepit: pudenda dictu spectantur. Fit ex his consuetudo, deinde natura. Discunt hæc miseri antequam sciant vitia esse: inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas afferunt, Quintil. i. 2 §§ 6-8 : Pertinebit ad rem, præceptores pædagogosque pueris placidos dari. Proximis applicatur omne quod tenerum est, et in eorum similitudinem crescit: nutricum et pædagogorum retulere mox in adolescentia mores. Apud Platonem educatus puer, quum ad parentes relatus, vociferantem videret patrem, Nunquam, inquit, hoc apud Platonem vidi. Non dubito, quin citius patrem imitatus sit, quam Platonem. Tenuis ante omnia victus, et non pretiosa vestis, et similis cultus cum æqualibus. Non irascetur aliquem sibi comparari, quem ab initio multis parem feceris, Sen. De Ir. ii. 22 §§ 1-3: Educatio maximam diligentiam, plurimumque profuturam desiderat; facile est enim, teneros adhuc animos componere, difficulter reciduntur vitia, quæ nobiscum creverunt, ib. 18 § 3: Πρὸ πάντων γὰρ δεῖ τοὺς πατέρας τῷ μηδὲν ἁμαρτάνειν, ἀλλὰ πάντα, ἃ δεῖ, πράττειν, ἐναργὲς ἑαυτοὺς παράδειγμα τοῖς τέκνοις παρέχειν, ἵνα πρὸς τὸν τούτων βίον ὥσπερ κάτοπτρον ἀποβλέποντες ἀποτρέπωνται τῶν αἰσχρῶν ἔργων καὶ λόγων. Ως οἵτινες, τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν υἱοῖς ἐπιτιμῶντες, τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι περιπίπτουσιν, ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκείνων ὀνόματι λανθάνουσιν ἑαυτῶν κατήγοροι γιγνόμενοι. Οἱ δ ̓ ὅλως φαύλως ζῶντες οὐδὲ τοῖς δούλοις παρρησίαν ἄγουσιν ἐπιτιμᾷν, μήτοι γε δὴ τοῖς υἱοῖς. Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων γένοιντο ἂν αὐτοῖς τῶν ἀδικημάτων σύμβουλοι καὶ διδάσκαλοι, Plut. De Puer. Ed. 20. PLURIMA sunt, Fuscine, et fama digna sinistra [1-85. Children learn vice from their parents: the children of the gambler (4-5) the epicure (7—14) the cruel master (15-24) or the false wife (25-30) will with rare exceptions (31-37) follow in their parents' steps. If nothing else can deter men from vice, yet reverence for the young should (38-49): if a son errs, his father corrects his fault; yet with what face can he do so, while he himself is worse of the two (48-58)? Our houses are swept and put in trim when a guest is looked for; we are content that our sons see them stained with vice (59-69). All depends on early training; the stork, vulture, and eagle, when full fledged, seek no other prey than such as they first fed on in the nest (70—85).] 1. Fuscine,] Not elsewhere mentioned. 2. fig.] Figas in cute solem, Pers. iv. 33: nec vestem atramento adhæsuram, quod frequenter etiam non arcessito ferrumine infigitur, Petron. c. 102. 4. damn.] Alea parva nuces et non damnosa videntur: Sæpe tamen pueris abstuli tilla nates, Mart. xiv. 18: id. v. 84. 3 sq., cf. Pers. v. 57. sen.] Nobis senibus ex lusionibus multis talos relinquant et tesseras, Cic. Cat. Maj. § 58: inter cœnam lusimus yepovтIKOS, Suet. Aug. 71: cf. ib. 70, 72, Eurip. Med. 68: ladies 5 also used to give much time to such amusements:-solere se ut feminam in illo otio sexus laxare animum lusu calculorum, Plin. vii. 24 § 5. al.] xi. 176 n. 5. Bull.] v. 164 n., xiii. 33 n. frit.] Schol. Cruq. ad Hor. S. ii. 17. 7 makes the fritillus the same as the phimus or pyrgus: so Becker, Gall. iii. 254; Schol. h. 1. distinguishes the phimus from the pyrgus, and is doubtful with which to identify the fritillus (FRITILLO, pyxide cornea, qui puòs dicitur Græce: fritinnire aves dicuntur [id est] strepere aut sonare: apud antiquos nam in cornu mittebant tesseras, moventesque fundebant: aut fritillum pyrgum dixit). The pyrgus (tessera frequens eboratis pyrgorum resultatura gradibus, Sid. Apoll. Ep. viii. 12) and turricula (Mart. xiv. 16) had indentations on the inside; whether the fritillus had, does not appear from the quotations in Salmas. ad Vopisc. Proc. p. 754 sq. it is certain that the fritillus was used for shaking and throwing the dice (Mart. xiv. 1. 3, iv. 14. 8: placuit novam pœnam excogitari debere... Eacus jubet illum alea ludere pertuso fritillo.... quoties missurus erat resonante fritillo, Utraque subducto fugiebat tessera fundo, Sen. Apocol. 14 § 3 sq. qui concusso magna parastis lucra fritillo, ib. 12). arma] Pugnaciter aleis certant Nec melius de se cuiquam sperare propinquo Concedet juvenis, qui radere tubera terræ, Boletum condire et eodem jure natantes Mergere ficedulas didicit nebulone parente Et cana monstrante gula. [pauperes], Ammian. xiv. 6 § 25: prælia―armigero, supr. i. 91, 92: Ov. Trist. iv. 1. 72. 6. mel.] Better than the heres (ver. 4). 7. qui rad.] Who has learnt from his father to peel truffles, &c. Gourmands could not trust the cook to prepare the choicer dishes, Hor. S. ii. 4. tub.] v. 116 n. 8. Bolet.] v. 147 n. Boletos, voluptarium venenum, nihil occulti operis judicas facere, etsi præsentanei non furant? Sen. Ep.95 §25: ardentes boletos, et raptim condimento suo mersatos, demittunt pæne fumantes, id. Nat. Qu. iv. 13 § 9: Plin. Ep. i. 7 § 6, Hor. S. ii. 4. 20, Mart. xii. 48. 1, xiii. 48. eod.] As the truffle. nat.] Affertur squillas inter muræna natantes, Hor. S. ii. 8. 42: Pers. v.183. 9. Merg.] "to drown:" ficēdula (beccafico) in Mart. xiii. 5, who recommends pepper with it. Phavorinus (ap. Gell. xv. 8) states that the leading epicures (præfecti popina) served up no other bird entire. Tiberius rewarded Asellus Sabinus for a dialogue "in quo boleti et ficedulæ et ostreæ et turdi certamen induxerat," Suet. 42: among the dishes served up at Trimalchio's feast were (what seemed to be) peafowls' eggs, which were found to contain "pinguissimam ficedulam... piperato vitello opiperatam," Petron. 33: cf. Mart. xiii. 49, Plin. x. 44 (29) Quum septimus annus 10 (formam simul coloremque mutant: hoc nomen auctumno : postea melancoryphi vocantur): Varr. L. L. v § 76. 10. sept.-dente] Mense septimo parvulis dentes emergunt, ac septimo anno mutantur, Marcian. Cap. vii § 639. Indicat in pueris septennia prima novus dens, Auson. Monosyll. De Membris, 1: quare septimus quoque annus ætati signum imprimat, Sen. De Ben. vii. 1: fere enim post septimum quemque annum articulos quosdam et in his aliquid novi natura ostendit, ut et in elegia Solonis cognoscere datur: ait enim in prima hebdomade dentes homini cadere, Censorin. De Die Nat. 14 § 7 from Solon, Fragm. 25 Bergk (παῖς μὲν ἄνηβος ἐὼν ἔτι νήπιος ἕρκος ὀδόντων φύσας ἐκβάλλει πρῶτον ἐν ἕπτ ̓ ěтeσ): post annos septem dentes qui primi emerserant aliis aptioribus ad cibum solidum nascentibus cedunt, Macrob. in Somn. Scip. i. 6 § 70: there was a proverb-os ÉttÉτης ὢν ὀδόντας οὐκ ἔφυσεν, Schol. Aristoph. Ran. 418: cf. Plin. H. N. vii. 15 (16), Gell. iii. 10, Plaut. Menæchm. v. 9. 57. After the completion of the sixth year Plato directs that boys and girls should be separately educated. Leg. vii § 4, p. 794: óróтav dè els τὴν ἑπταετίαν ἀφίκηται, πολλοὺς πόλ νους διαντλῆσαν, παιδαγωγοὶ καὶ γραμματισταὶ καὶ παιδοτρίβαι τυραννοῦντες, Transierit puerum, nondum omni dente renato, id. Axioch. § 7, p. 366 D : ταύτην γὰρ τὴν ἡλικίαν, καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐτῶν, ἀναγκαῖον οἴκοι τὴν τροφὴν ἔχειν,.... διελθόντων δὲ τῶν πέντε ἐτῶν τὰ δύο μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ δεῖ θεωροὺς ἤδη γίγ νεσθαι τῶν μαθήσεων, ἃς δεήσει μανθάνειν αὐτούς. δύο δ ̓ εἰσὶν ἡλικίαι πρὸς ἃς ἀναγκαῖον διῃρῆσθαι τὴν παιδείαν, μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ μέχρι ἥβης, καὶ πάλιν μετὰ τὴν ἀφ' ἥβης μέχρι τῶν ἑνὸς καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτῶν, Aristot. Pol. vii. 17 §§ 7, 14, 15. The public training of the Spartan children began with the seventh year. Plut. Lycurg. 16: μετ ̓ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕβδομον αὐτῷ παρεδόθην. Οὗτος ἐξ ἐκείνου ταῦτα ἀνέπεισεν ἄγων εἰς διδασκάλους μίαν ὁδόν, Julian, Misopog. p. 352 Β Spanh. : Quidam literis instituendos, qui minores septem annis essent, non putaverunt, quod illa primum ætas et intellectum disciplinarum capere, et laborem pati posset. In qua sententia Hesiodum esse plurimi tradunt. ... Sed alii quoque auctores, inter quos Eratosthenes, idem præceperunt, Quintil. i. 1 §§ 15, 16. 12. Barb.] Hor. S. i. 3. 133, ii. 3. 35, Mart. ix. 48, Lucian, Jup. Trag. 16 (Jupiter, on a visit to the earth, sees philosophers debating in the Stoa : καὶἔτυχον γὰρ νεφέλην τῶν παχειῶν περιβεβλημένος—σχηματίσας ἐμαυτὸν εἰς τὸν ἐκείνων τρόπον, καὶ τὸν πώγωνα ἐπισπασάμενος εὖ μάλα ἐῴκειν φιλοσόφῳ): id. Demon. 13, 15 Quom. Conscr. Hist. 17, Eunuch. 8, 9, Pisc. 41: Οὗτος φιλόσοφος. Διὰ τί; Τρίβωνα γὰρ ἔχει καὶ κόμην. Οἱ δ ̓ ἀγύρται τί ἔχουσιν; Διὰ τοῦτο, ἂν ἀσχημονοῦντά τις ἴδῃ τινὰ αὐτῶν, εὐθὺς λέγει, Ἰδοὺ ὃ φιλόσοφος ποιεῖ, ἔδει δ ̓, ἀφ ̓ ὧν ἠσχημύνει, μᾶλλον λέγειν αὐτὸν μὴ εἶναι φιλόσοφον. εἰ μὲν γὰρ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ τοῦ φιλοσόφου πρόληψις καὶ ἐπαγγελία, ἔχειν τρίβωνα καὶ κόμην, καλῶς ἂν ἔλεγον, Arrian, Epict. iv. 8 § 4 sq.: τίς οὖν ὕλη τοῦ φιλοσόφου; μὴ τρίβων; Οὔ, ἀλλὰ ὁ λόγος. Τί τέλος; μή τι φορεῖν τρίβωνα; Οὔ, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὀρθὸν ἔχειν τὸν λόγον. Ποῖα θεω ρήματα; μή τι τὰ περὶ τοῦ πῶς πώγων μέγας γίνηται, ἢ κόμη βαθεῖα ; ibid. § 12: qui pallio baculoque et baxeis et hircino barbitio philosophum fingeret, Apul. Met. xi. 8, p. 1010 Hild. : demissus capillus, ingens et cana barba: quæ licet fortuita et inania putentur, illi tamen plurimum venerationis acquirunt, Plin. Ep. i. 10 § 6 : barbatum hoc crede magistrum [Socratem] Dicere, Pers. iv. 1 : Periz. ad Æl. V. H. iii. 19, xi. 10, Liban. Epist. 579, 605, Quintil. xi. 1 § 34, Ammian. Epigr. 21, 22 (Brunck, Anal. ii. 388). 15. sq. Does Rutilus teach his son forbearance, or not rather cruelty to his slaves, qui gaud. &c.? 16. i. e. an. et corp. serv. cons. nostra mat., that the soul and body of slaves are constituted as ours. καν Materia constare putat paribusque elementis Servi Servi Servi δοῦλος ᾖ τις, σάρκα τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει, Philem. Fragm. 39 Didot.: kàv doûλos ᾖ τις, οὐθὲν ἧττον, δέσποτα, ἄνθρωπος οὗτός ἐστιν, ἂν ἄνθρωπος ᾖ, id.ap.Stob. Flor. Ixii. 28: respondit, se novum quoddam fidissimæ servitutis genus excogitare oportuisse, quoniam herum habebat nomine, re vero fratrem, cum quo eundem cibum caperet, idem vinum biberet, a quo non modo non vapularet, &c., Liban. Epist. Lat. xvi. p. 739 A, Wolf: supr. vi. 222, Sen. Ep. 47 (copied by Macrob. Sat. i. 11), esp. § 1 (Servi sunt? immo homines. sunt? immo contubernales. sunt? immo humiles amici. sunt? immo conservi, si cogitaveris tantundem in utrosque licere fortunæ), § 4 (nec tanquam hominibus quidem, sed tanquam jumentis abutimur), § 8 (Vis tu cogitare istum quem servum tuum vocas, ex iisdem seminibus ortum, eodem frui cœlo, æque spirare, æque vivere, æque mori?): servos in numero hominum esse non pateris? . . . tibi autem unde in servos tantum et tam immane fastidium? quasi non ex isdem tibi et constent et alantur elementis, eundemque spiritum ab eodem principe carpant, Macrob. 1. 1.: "When you call for hot water, and your slave does not answer, or brings it lukewarm, or is not to be found in the house, if you pass the matter over, is not this well-pleasing to the 20 Gods?" "How then can I bring myself to pass it over?" "Slave, will you not bear with your own brother, who has Zeus for his ancestor, who is born as a son from the same seed, and from the same heavenly stock?... Bear in mind who you are, and whom you rule, your kinsmen, your brothers, the offspring of Zeus," Arrian, Epictet. i. 13: servile caput nullum jus habet, Dig. iv. 5. 3 § 1: servis nostris exæquat quadrupedes, id. ix. 2. 2 § 2: quod attinet ad jus civile, servi pro nullis habentur; non tamen ex jure naturali, quia, quod ad jus naturale attinet, omnes homines æquales sunt, id. 1. 17. 32: Sen. De Clem. i. 18, De Ben. iii. 20-28, Dionys. iv. 23, Petron. c. 71 Reines. (Pauly, RealEncycl. vi. 1094): liberos enim natura omnes et eisdem constare elementis, et fortasse antiquis etiam nobilibus ortos, dici potest, Quintil. iii. 8 § 31. 18. Rutil.] A Rutilus is spoken of Sat. xi. 2, 5, 21. gaud. &c.] Infr. 63 n., vi. 219 sq. 19. Sir.] ix. 150. 20. Antiph.] King of the Læstrygones, xv. 18: Hospite conductor durior Antiphate, Rutil. Itin. i. 382. 21. tort.] Instabam tormentis... non satis mihi ardere ignes videbantur; non satis insidere verbera, Sen. iv. Cont. 29 (Cornel. Hispan.): tortor cum ignibus, flagellis, eculeis, |