SATIRE XIII. GUILT meets its due punishment, if not from corrupt judges, yet from the conscience of the sinner and the reprobation of honest men (1-6). But there are other considerations, Calvinus, which should mollify your wrath. True, the friend, whom you trusted, has defrauded you; but your fortune can well support so trifling a loss. Look about you, and see how rife such crimes are. In the golden days of Saturn's rule falsehood was unknown, but now it is honesty that is the prodigy (7-85). Never wasperjury so universal: for, while many believe in no God, others hope for a long reprieve, if not a final pardon (86-119). To raise an outcry, then, as though your case were hard and strange, is as unreasonable as to wonder at blue eyes in a German, or the goître among the Alps (120-173). Are you, then, to look for no redress? Philosophy will teach you that none but little minds delight in revenge: but, in any case, you may be well content to leave the delinquent to his own remorse, and to that law by which crime breeds crime. If such be your desire, you may yet see him condemned to exile or to death (174—249). Cf. Quintil. Decl. 314. This Satire was written probably in the year 119 A.D. (verse 17 n.). EXEMPLO quodcunque malo committitur, ipsi 1. Ex.] After a bad model, pattern, stamp: as in the phrase more atque exemplo &c. 2. Displ.] Nec ulla major pœna nequitia est, quam quod sibi ac suis displicet, Sen. Ep. 42 § 2: Macrob. in Somn. i. 10 § 12, supr. iv. 8, infr. 192 n. ult.] Turpe quid ausurus te sine teste time, Auson. vii. Sap. Thal. 3. impr.] Though dishonest influence may have secured acquittal. 4. urn.] The judices in criminal causes were generally appointed by sortitio: that is, the president of the quæstio drew out of an urn containing 5 Quid sentire putas omnes, Calvine, recenti the names of all his judices (selecti) the number necessary for the trial : the parties were allowed to challenge a certain proportion, in whose place other names were drawn (subsortitio). The urna here may be that used for this purpose, or rather that in which the tablets A. (absolvo), C. (condemno), or N. L. (non liquet) were thrown. If the first, cf. Nec vero hæ sine sorte datæ, sine judice sedes: Quæsitor Minos urnam movet; ille silentum Conciliumque vocat, vitasque et crimina discit, Virg. Æn. vi. 431 sq. (where Serv. quotes Juv.): if the latter, cf. Quum jam sententiæ pares, cunctorum stilis ad unum sermonem congruentibus, ex more perpetuo in urnam aeneam deberent conjici, quo semel conditis calculis, jam cum rei fortuna transacto nihil postea commutari licebat, Apul. Met. x. 8: Cic. ad Qu. Fr. ii. 6 prope fin., Hor. S. ii. 1. 47. Prætoris must be taken with 7. ten.] iii. 163. Cf. infr. 71. 10 15 10. Trit.] "Thine's one of our known common losses, Drawn from the midst of Fortune's heap of crosses," Holyday. med.] i. e. Drawn at random. 11. Pon.] xi. 190. 12. viri,] Hor. Epod. x. 17. 13. quamv.] In its original sense: however light. 16. Dep.] Depositum est, quod custodiendum alicui datum est, Dig. xvi. 3. 1 pr. (the title is, Depositi vel contra). Cf. infr. 60, 71. On the epithet sacrum cf. infr. 72. stup.] With acc. iv. 119 n. 17. Font.] Of four consuls of this name (B. C. 33, A.D. 12, 59, 67) the last two alone come here into question. Clinton (F. R. ad ann. 118) and Lipsius (Quæst. Epist. iv. 20) assume that L. Fonteius Capito, consul A.D. 59 (Tac. Ann. xiv. 1, Plin. H. N. ii. 72 [70] § 180), is here An nihil in melius tot rerum proficis usu? intended. If so, the date of the 18 sq. Have you learnt no wisdom from your long experience? The philosopher's victory over fortune is indeed the highest; yet it is no slight thing to be taught submission in the school of life. Cf. 120 sq., xv. 106 sq. prof.] Probably alluding to the Stoic distinction between proficientes and sapientes (Lips. Manud. ii. 9): Sapiens quidem vincit virtute fortunam. At multi professi sapientiam levissimis nonnunquam minis exterriti sunt: Hoc loco nostrum vitium est, qui quod dicitur de sapiente, exigimus et a proficiente, Sen. Ep. 71 $ 29. On in melius cf. Hand, Turs. iii. p. 331. 20. Cf. x. 52, 365 n., Hor. S. ii. 7. 83 sq. 22. jact.] To fret under: cf. vi. 207, 208. 23 sq. i. 112 sq. fest.] Nullus a pœna hominum cessavit dies; ne religiosus quidem ac sacer, Suet. Tib. 61. 25. pyx.] Veneno, Schol. cf. viii. 17 20 25 n.: veneni pyxidem, Cic. p. Cœl. § 61: Corvus ap. Sen. Suas. 2 prope fin., cf. Sat. ii. 141. 26. Rari] Vir bonus ac sapiens, qualem vix reperit unum Millibus e multis hominum consultus Apollo, Auson. Id. xvi. 1, 2. 27. Theb.] Thebes in Boeotia, called éжTáжUλos by Hom. Il. iv. 406, Hes. Op. et D. 162. The Seven Heroes each assailed a separate gate (Esch. Sept. c. Th. septem portas sub duce quamque suo, Ov. Trist. ii. 320 Eur. Phon. 287). Nil.] Sunt in honore et intra decursus Nili multa oppida, præcipue quæ nomina ostiis dedere, non omnibus (xii. enim reperiuntur superque iv. quæ ipsi falsa ora appellant) sed celeberrimis vii., proximo Alexandriæ (i.e. the most western) Canopico, dein Bolbitino, Sebennytico, Phatnitico, Mendesico, Tanitico ultimoque Pelusiaco, Plin. H. N. v. 11 (10) § 64. Cf. Herod. ii. 17, Strab. xvii. p. 801, Mel. i. 9 § 9 (see Tzschucke, vol. v. p. 316). Hence the epithets πтáπoрos (Mosch. ii. 51), septemplex (Ov. Met. v. 187), septemfluus (ib. xv. 753), septemgeminus (Catull. xi. 7). Nunc ætas agitur pejoraque secula ferri 28. Nunc] The reading of the codex Pithaanus: nona the common reading has never been satisfactorily explained. "Now we live in an age and times worse than the iron age." 30. met.] "Quemadmodum priora tempora habuerunt nomina, i. e. aurea argentea &c." Schol. According to Hesiod there were five ages; the golden (Op. et D. 109126), the silver (127-142), the brazen (143-155), heroes or demigods (156-173), the iron (174-201). Aratus mentions three; the golden (Phæn. 100-114), the silver (115128), the brazen (129-134): Ovid, four; the golden (Met. i. 89-112), the silver (113-124), the brazen (125, 126), the iron (127-150). Hic habitant vario faciem distincta metallo Secula certa locis: illic glomerantur aena, Hic ferrata rigent, illic argentea candent; Eximia regione domus, contingere terris Difficiles, stabant rutili, grex aureus, anni, Claud. De Laud. Stil. ii. 446 sq. (Schneidew. Philol. vii. p. 41, Juv. vi. 23, 24). 31. fid.] Dii immortales, obsecro .vestram fidem. Dii, vestram fidem. Tuam fidem, Venus. Pro deum atque hominum fidem. (Brisson. De Form. i. 132,. viii. 20, 21). Tu cla 30 35 mabas deum fidem atque hominum omnium, Plaut. Men. v. 8. 4: id. Aul. ii. 4. 20. 32. Fasid.] "Ut ostendat Fæsidium conductos habuisse, qui eum agentem causas magna voce laudarent," Schol. Cf. Plin. Ep. ii. 14 (supr. vii. 44 n.), Sat. vii. 106 sq., iii. 87 sq. Quod tam grande sophos clamat tibi turba togata, Non tu, Pomponi, cœna diserta tua est, Mart, vi. 48. 33. Sport.] i. 95, x. 46. As it is only for the sake of the dole that the clients applaud, the dole itself is called vociferous. sen.] Supr. 17. bull.] v. 164 n., xiv. 5. The bulla was dedicated to the Lares on the assumption of the toga virilis: Mox ubi bulla rudi dimissa est aurea collo, Matris et ante deos libera sumpta toga, Prop iv. 1. 131: Bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit, Pers. v. 31: Schol. Hor. S. i. 5. 65, Becker, Gallus, ii. 55. dign.] Ex proverbio Græco dis παῖδες οἱ γέροντες, Schol. : Sat. ii. 199. 34. Ven.] Charms: Ille non est mihi par virtute, nec officiis; sed habuit suam Venerem, Sen. De Ben. ii. 28 § 1. Exigis a quoquam ne pejeret et putet ullis 27. Cf. Sat. ii. 149 sq., infr. 75 sq. rub.] Αἱμάσσειν τοὺς βωμούς, Poll. i. § 27. The blood was poured on the altar from a vessel (opάyıov), Eust. ad Od. iii. 445. 38. ind.] AvTóx@oves, Virg. Æn. viii. 314. On the golden age when Saturn ruled in heaven, cf. Sat. vi. 1—24, Tibull. i. 3. 35 sq. Broukh. : Hic mos Saturno regna tenente fuit, Prop. ii. 32. 52: Ista vetus pietas, ævo moritura futuro, Rustica Saturno regna tenente fuit. Jupiter esse pium statuit, quodcunque juvaret, Ov. Heroid. iv. 131 sq. 39. falc.] Observari igitur eum [Saturnum] jussit [Janus] majestate religionis quasi vitæ melioris auctorem: simulacrum ejus indicio est, cui falcem, insigne messis, adjecit, Macrob. Sat. i. 7 § 24 Jahn: Falcem ei quidam æstimant attributam, quod tempus omnia metat exsecet et incidat, ib. 8 § 9: falcem volunt fabulæ in Siciliam decidisse, quod sit terra ista vel maxime fertilis, ib. § 12: (cf. Apollon. Arg. iv. 984, Pausan. vii. 23 § 4). Procreatorem deorum vitisatorem falciferum, Arnob. iii. 29 Hild.: Ov. Fast. v. 627. 40. fug.] Primus ab ætherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis 40 fugiens, et regnis exsul ademptis, Virg. Æn. viii. 319, 320. 41. priv.] xii. 107: Jove nondum barbato, vi. 15. Id.] Probably the Cretan Ida (Jovis incunabula Creten, Ov. Met. viii. 99 id. Amor. iii. 10. 20), not the Phrygian (Idæum Simoenta, Jovis cunabula parvi, Prop. iii. 1. 27). 42. conv.] Infr. 46 n., Sat. i. 141 n. 43. Il.] Ganymedes; cf. v. 59, ix. 47: Grex tuus Iliaco poterat certare cinædo: At mihi succurrit pro Ganymede manus, Mart. ii. 43. 13, 14: huc Herculis uxor, Huc accedat Hylas, Iliadesque puer, Ov. Trist. ii. 405, 406: ἀντίθεος Γανυ μήδης, ὃς δὴ κάλλιστος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων· τὸν καὶ ἀνηρείψαντο θεοὶ Διὶ οἰνοχοεύειν κάλλεος εἵνεκα οἷο, ἵν ̓ ἀθανάτοισι μετείη, Hom. Il. xx. 232 sq. Serv. ad En. i. 28, Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 5. κχ.] Αὐτὸς δὲ [Hercules] μετ ̓ ἀθα νάτοισι θεοῖσιν, τέρπεται ἐν θαλίῃς καὶ ἔχει καλλίσφυρον "Ηβην, Hom. Od. xi. 602, 603 : μετὰ δέ σφισι πότνια Ηβη νέκταρ οἰνοχύει, Il. iv. 2, 3: Ov. Ex Pont. i. 10. 11, 12. 44. Ad cyathos,] Lygdamus ad cyathos, Prop. iv. 8. 37: Stat Jovis |