SATIRE XI. THE rich epicure is admired; the poor, derided: our housekeeping and our whole plan of life should be in just proportion to our means (1—38). Many, it is true, neglect this golden rule; they riot for a while at Rome, and then retire to Baiæ, to avoid their creditors (38-55). To-day, my friend, you may judge whether I practise the frugality which I preach; whether I live like the worthies of those good old times when heaven itself guarded our city (56-119), or, like their pampered descendants, can relish no meal but such as is served on the costliest tables, by the most expert and elegant slaves (120-161). Let richer men enliven their feasts by voluptuous songs and dances: here you may listen, if you will, to Homer or his rival Virgil (162-182). Leave, then, all care behind you; leave to younger men the dissipation of the Circus, and spend the festival with me in enjoyments better suited to our years (183—208). Whether Persicus is a real or fictitious character does not appear; it is not certain that Juvenal would have hesitated to address a living friend in such verses as 186 sq. Cf. Hor. S. ii. 2, Epist. i. 5, Mart. v. 78, x. 48, xi. 52, Plin. Ep. i. 15; and, on the frugal life of the old Romans, Val. Max. iv. 4. ATTICUS eximie si coenat, lautus habetur, 1. Att.] Per Atticum... divitem vult intelligi quemlibet, per Rutilum autem pauperem, Schol. Cf. viii. 182 n., infr. 21, 22, 176 sq. laut.] iii. 221 n., infr. 140, xiv. 13. 2. cach.] iii. 153. 3. Ap.] iv. 23 n. 4. Conv.] Cf. i. 145. In convictibus et quotidiano sermone, Quintil. vi. 3 § 27: Interdixit ei convictum hominum, usumque balnearum, Val. Max. ii. 7 § 9. therm.] vii. 233. stat.] Plerique in stationibus sedent, tempusque audiendi fabulis De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac juvenalia membra Multos porro vides, quos sæpe elusus ad ipsum conterunt, Plin. Ep. i. 13 § 2: ambio domos, stationesque circumeo, ib. ii. 9 § 5: ad stationem vel tabernam, Dig. xlvii. 10. 15 § 7. 5. De Rut.] Supply loquuntur, Madv. § 447 d, Sat. xiii. 181. 6. gal.] vii. 33. 7. cog.] viii. 193. The tribune (cf. vii. 228 n.) has not indeed assigned over Rutilus's estate to his creditors, and so driven him to engage himself to the lanista for his bread; but yet he has not interposed to save him from a degradation worse than slavery (viii. 199 n.). Prohibeo was the technical form of intercessio on behalf of a citizen, Gell. vii. 19. sed nec] Mart. vi. 75. 4, xii. 18. 2 (infr. xii. 97 n.). 8. Those freemen who engaged themselves as gladiators (se auctorabant) were sworn to obedience: in verba Eumolpi sacramentum juravimus, uri, vinciri, verberari, ferroque necari, et quidquid aliud Eumolpus jussisset, tanquam legitimi gladiatores domino corpora animasque religiosissime addicimus, Petron. 117: cf. Hor. S. ii. 7. 59 Heind. The lanista are called doctores (ex ludo Cn. Aurelii Scauri doctoribus gladiatorum arcessitis, vitandi atque inferendi ictus subtiliorem rationem legibus ingeneravit, Val. Max. ii. 3 5 10 § 2: Quintil. Decl. 302) or magistri (magister hic Samnitium... quotidie commentatur, Cic. De Or. iii § 86); their lessons, dictata (Suet. Cæs. 26: Nec tantus ego sum, ut vos alloquar; verumtamen et gladiatores perfectissimos non tantum magistri et præpositi sui, sed etiam idiotæ et supervacui quique adhortantur de longinquo, ut sæpe de ipso populo dictata suggesta profuerint, Tert. Ad Mart. 1 cf. supr. v. 122 n.). On the lanista, see iii. 158 n.: Quod contemptissimo cuique contingere ac turpissimo potest, bonum non est; opes autem et lenoni et lanista contingunt, Sen. Ep. 87 § 13: Spartian. Hadr. 18, Quintil. Decl. 9 § 22, 278. 10. Cred.] Cf. Omnia conductis coemens obsonia nummis, Hor. S. i. 2. 9. mac.] v. 95. Ad macellum ubi advenimus, Concurrunt læti mi obviam cupedinarii omnes, Cetarii, lanii, coqui, fartores, piscatores, Quibus et re salva et perdita profueram, Ter. Eun. ii. 2. 24 sq. 11. Socrates quidem dicebat multos homines propterea velle vivere ut ederent et biberent; se bibere atque esse ut viveret, Macrob. Sat. ii. 8 § 16 (from Gell. xix. 2, Wyttenb. ad Plut. Mor. p. 21 E). Cf. xii. 50, 51, and for the phrase vivendi causa, viii. 84 n. Egregius cœnat meliusque miserrimus horum 12. Egr.] Inveniuntur quædam, quæ quamvis sint accidentia, id est adjectiva, et eorum significatio exigat, ut faciant comparativa, tamen non habentur in usu frequenti. Sunt autem ea plerumque, quæ vocales ante -us habent, ut pius, arduus, egre gius... Vetustissimi tamen hujuscemodi comparativis est quando sunt usi. Cato dixit: Quod iter longius arduiusque erat a curia. Idem ad populum de triumpho: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu. Pacuvius in Medo Mulier egregiissima forma. Juvenalis in quarto: Egr. &c. pro egregiius, Priscian, iii. 2 § 6 sq. The reading egregius in Lucr. iv. 469 is uncertain. Piissimus, which Cicero ridicules as a barbarism in Antony (Phil. xiii § 43), is found in Tacitus, Seneca, &c. See Ruddim. i. p. 180. mis.] "He's set On riot most, that still is most in debt And soon must fall; you may see through the rent," Holyday. 13. perl.] ii. 78. Perlucet omnis regia, Sen. Herc. F. 1001. 14. Int.] While ruin threatens. gust.] Gustus or promulsis was the first course, intended to whet the appetite (Becker, Gall. iii. 180). elem.] Through air, earth, and water. Sat. v. 94 n. 16. Attendas-juvant,] x. 205, 339. Here the magis illa juvant is stated absolutely; the proper apodosis to si 15 attendas, would be such a verb as intelligas. Cf. Madv. § 348 n.3, Sat.xiii.144. mag. &c.] Hor. S. ii. 2. 15 sq. Ales Phasiacis petita Colchis, Atque Afræ volucres placent palato, Quod non sunt faciles; at albus anser, Et pictis anas enotata pennis, Plebeium sapit, Petron. 93: omnia concupiscenti aut contemnenti, prout magno aut parvo empta sunt, fastidio est lumen gratuitum, Sen. Ep. 122 § 14 (cf. § 18): id. Qu. Nat. iv. 13 § 3 sq. O miserabiles, quorum palatum nisi ad pretiosos cibos non excitatur! pretiosos autem non eximius sapor. sed raritas et difficultas parandi facit... Omnes regiones pervagantur, maria trajiciunt, et quum famem exiguo possint sedare, magno irritant, id. Cons. Helv. 9 §§ 11, 12 (cf. § 9 sq.): infr. 120 sq., Claud. in Eutrop. ii. 329 sq. ... 17. Ergo] Therefore, since they like expense for its own sake, they make no conscience of pawning the family plate. per.] i. 18. To be squandered on their appetite. 18. opp.] So in Catullus's pun: Furi, villula nostra non ad Austri Flatus opposita est neque ad Favoni, ... Verum ad millia quindecim et ducentos. O ventum horribilem atque pestilentem! xxvi. mat.] He defaces a silver statue of his mother, and pawns it as old silver. Et quadringentis nummis condire gulosum 19. quadr.] Four hundred sesterces, 31. 68. 8d. cond.] To load with dainties. 20. Fict.] His plate is in pawn, so that he must eat his delicacies off earthenware. Cf. Fictilibus cœnare pudet, iii. 168 n. infr. 116. sic] Quum non habeant, unde manducent, distrahent se ad ludum, Schol. misc.] Cibus gladiatorum, ... ideo miscellanea, qui omnia, quæ apponuntur eis, miscent et sic manducant, Schol. 21. ergo,] Since so many are ruined by luxury, men give it a bad name in those of narrow means; while in the rich it is extolled as generosity. Cf. supr. 1, viii. 182. Rut.] Supr. 2. nam] Not found in this position in prose authors: Hand, Turs. iv. 3, Bent. ad Hor. S. ii. 6. 78, Orell. ad Hor. S. ii. 3. 20. 22. Vent.] Divite. 23. Sum.] The subject is hæc eadem parare, which is also the subject of est. Ill.] Thus Socrates disregarded natural philosophy in comparison with self-knowledge: Plat. Apol. p. 19 B, C, Phæd. p. 96 sq., Rep. vii. p. 529, Xen. Mem. i. 1 § 11, iv. 7 § 6. Cf. Sen. Ep. 88. 24. At.] Maximus Atlas, Virg. En. iv. 481: ib. 246 sq. 20 25 25. Lib.] The continent of Africa. hic] Herm. ap. Halm. ad Cic. Vatin. § 24 is mistaken in comparing this passage with those in which, instead of repeating qui in the second clause of a relative sentence, a writer employs the demonstrative. The idem brings out the inconsistency, in one and the same man, of attention to unimportant, and neglect of important knowledge. The hic merely adds force to the contrast. Cf. Ego ipse pontifex, qui cæremonias... tuendas arbitror, is &c., Cic. N. D. i§ 61. Shilleto ad Dem. De Fals. Leg. § 76. The sentence is one of those "in which two clauses are connected as coordinate, in such a way that while the two together suit the meaning of the context, one of them, taken apart from the other, will not," Madv. Lat. Gr. § 320 n., id. Gr. Gr. § 189, Zumpt § 781, Matth. § 622. 4, Cic. p. Sest. §§ 33, 45, 46, p. Sull. § 32, p. C. Rabir. § 16, p. Mur. § 6, Tusc. i. § 31, ii § 34, N. D. i § 23, ii §§ 17, 18. Here it is not for the study of African geography that the man is despicable, but for the sacrificing more necessary studies to that. 26. Ign.] The conj. is used because the qui, which is the common subject to scit and ignoret, before the |