CANALS, [REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.] canals are public, 20, 43, canal boats, 176. canal traffic, 19. ship channel, 19. water channel or cut, 19. waterways, 20. classification in canal tolls, 553. CANDLES, rates on, 934. CANS, rates on, 934. CAPITALIZATION, 1. Enumeration of the theories for estimating capital, comparison of these theories of capital charge, 332. outstanding capitalization as a basis, 335, 346. competition of these different theories, 331, 337. 2. The original cost as the basis. the investment as the capital entitled to return, 338. what is the actual cost, 340. unusual and unprecedented expenses, 340. cost enhanced by fraudulent contract, 341. original cost not necessarily the basis of capitalization, 353. unwise construction, 342. plant unnecessarily large, 343. portion of plant not yet in use, 344. cost of unsuccessful experiments, 345. 3. Outstanding capitalization. watered stock, 346. fictitious capitalization, 346. outstanding stock issues, 348. bonded indebtedness beyond present value, 349. Cost of buying up constituent roads of the present system, 350. 4. Present value as the basis. constitutional requirements, 352. present value may be shown to be less than actual cost, 354. original cost as evidence of actual value, 355. value returned for taxation not conclusive, 356. elements entering into the determination of present value, 357. [REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.] CAPITALIZATION-Continued. 5. The cost of reproduction. the Minnesota rule, 358. cost of reproducing at present prices, 358. price of materials to-day, 358. methods of arriving at replacement value, 359. the rule held unreasonable by the federal courts, 360. explanation of the California decisions, 361. See BONDS, COST OF CONSTRUCTION, EARNING CAPACITY, FRANCHISES, CAR LOAD LOTS, different classification between car load and less than car load, 597. advantages of car load traffic, 777. minimum car loads, 599. permission to mix car loads, 601, 778. car loaded by several shippers, 602. lower rates for shipments in bulk, 779. shipments in train loads problematical, 603, 780. CARRIAGE, common carriage defined, 71. 1. Carrier must control thing carried. acceptance of passengers, 75-80. bailment of goods, 81-86. common carriage where a single car is chartered, 94. 2. Transportation requisite for. conception of common carriage requires transportation, 87. chartered accommodations, 94. furnisher of motive power only not a carrier, 74. position of leased railways, 93. when transportation is furnished by others, 93. See ACCEPTANCE OF PASSENGERS, BAILMENT OF GOODS, COMMON CARRIERS, CATTLE, [REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.] classification of, 540, 931. rates on, 608, 934. CELERY, classification of, 931. rates on, 571, 601. CEMENT, rates on, 334. CEREALS, classification of, 591. rates on, 584, 934. CHAIRS, classification of, 583. rates on, 934. CHAMPAGNE, rates on, 934. CHARGING WHAT THE TRAFFIC WILL BEAR, what the traffic will bear as a factor, 481. value of the service to the goods, 524. legal limitations upon principle necessary, 524. limit of value of service not necessarily limit of charge, 525. cost of obtaining a substitute for the service furnished, 528. CHARTER, obligation to serve according to charter provisions, 278, 279. charter of corporation as contract against legislation, 1324-1330. CHEESE, rates on, 934. CHEWING GUM, rates on, 934. CIDER, classification of, 574. rates on, 934. CITRUS FRUIT, rates on, 934. CLASSIFICATION, 1. General principles. classification the basis of rate-making, 490. [REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.] CLASSIFICATION-Continued. necessity of classification for a proper distribution, 552. the necessity of classification for convenience in rate fixing, 553. classification necessarily imperfect, 556. reasonableness of a particular rate involves proper classification, justifying classification by railroads, 566. 2. Methods of classification. history of classification in the United States, 554. various classifications in different parts of the country, 554. six general classes usually, 556. extra class divisions, 558. commodity rates, 559. classification sheet, 560. interpretation of the classification sheet, 561. adjustment of business to established classification, 563. 3. Basis of classification. elements determining difference in classification, 556. classification according to manufacturer's representations, 564. comparison with other commodities, 567, 568. elements in comparison of commodities, 569. comparison of similar things, 570. perishable articles of food, 572. groceries, 573. articles shipped in glass, 574. forest products, 575. comparison of unlike things, 577. dry goods, 576. differences between commodities, 578. 4. Convenience in handling. classification based on nature and size of package, 579. shipment in small packages, 580. shipment in form more convenient for handling, 581. shipment in form permitting greater car load, 582. car load rates, 597-603. classification based on volume of business, 583. large volume of traffic in a certain commodity, 584. traffic handled in special trains, 587. special equipment not necessary for the traffic, 588. [REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.] CLASSIFICATION-Continued. 5. Value of the goods. value of the goods as an element, 590. difference between values justifies difference in classification, 591. differing value of same kind of freight, 594. low value of goods as reducing classification, 595. value of the commodity not of the greatest importance, 596. 6. Difference in rate between classes. COAL, principles governing differences between classes, 604. extra class rating, 604. low grade commodities may be carried at special rates, 605. high grade commodities should not be overcharged, 606. difference between the classes should not be disproportionate, 607.. slight differences between similar commodities, 610. See, also, DISCRIMINATIONS, RATES. limitations upon the right to engage in an independent business, 301. carrier discriminating in favor of itself, 302, 958. railroad cutting its own rates for itself, 303, 958. charging its competitors higher relative rates, 304. whether collateral businesses should be permitted, 306, 307. COLORED PERSONS, See EXCUSES AND DISCRIMINATIONS. COMMODITY RATES, COMMON CARRIERS, definitions of, 71. See CLASSIFICATION. carriers in public employment, 10, 33, 41, 42. grounds of public position of carriers, 20, 34, 54, 55. carriers of both goods and passengers, 74, 75, 171, 177, 186, 188. |