The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern TanzaniaThe structure and volcanic activity of the northern Tanzania sector of the Gregory Rift Valley have hitherto been less well described than those in Ethiopia and Kenya. This book focuses on northern Tanzania where, although the volcanic area is smaller than those to the north, there are major features such as Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain on the African continent; Ngorongoro, one of the largest calderas on Earth; and Oldoinyo Lengai, the world's only active carbonatite volcano. Following an account of the discovery and early exploration of the rift valley, there are descriptions of the individual volcanoes. These are set within the context of the regional geology and geophysics of the rift valley, and in relation to the structural evolution of the rift and its associated sedimentary basins which include Olduvai, an important site in the history of human evolution The volume concludes with a discussion of the volcanism as related to the plume-related African Superswell. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Petrogenesis | 2 |
Regional geology | 9 |
Seismicity | 15 |
Tectonic development of the rift | 21 |
Riftassociated sedimentary basins | 33 |
Basalttrachyte volcanoes | 56 |
Oldoinyo Lengai | 86 |
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Common terms and phrases
African rift system anomaly Archaean basalt basanite basement Beds caldera carbonatite Crater Highlands Craton crustal Dawson depression East Africa East African Rift eastern EBINGER Engaruka Engaruka Basin Essimingor Eyasi Fairhead fold belt Geological Society Geological Survey Geophysical graben Gregory Rift Gregory Rift Valley half graben Hanang ijolite isotope Journal Keller Kenya Kenya Rift Kerimasi Ketumbeine Kibo Kilimanjaro Laetoli Lake Manyara Lake Natron Lashaine lavas Lemagrut lithosphere London lower Maasai Maasai Block Magadi magma mantle beneath Manyara Basin Meru metasomatized Monduli Mozambique Mozambique Belt natrocarbonatite nepheline nephelinite Ngorongoro northern Tanzania Nyblade Older Extrusive Oldoinyo Lengai Oldoinyo Sambu olivine basalt olivine melilitite Paslick peralkaline peridotite Petrology phenocryst phonolite Plate Pleistocene Quarter Degree Sheet rift valley Sadiman sediments seismic slopes southern Kenya structure summit Tanganyika Tanzania Craton Tarosero tectonic Tectonophysics trachyte trend tuff cones upper mantle volcanic rocks Volcanoes of Northern western xenoliths Younger Extrusive zone