The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval EuropeRobert S. Gottfried is Professor of History and Director of Medieval Studies at Rutgers University. Among his other books is "Epidemic Disease in Fifteenth Century England." |
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Page 15
... twelfth century onward , Europeans played a large and ever - growing role . In all , contacts between East and West flourished as never before . These contacts , so positive for commerce , changed the balance and pattern of infectious ...
... twelfth century onward , Europeans played a large and ever - growing role . In all , contacts between East and West flourished as never before . These contacts , so positive for commerce , changed the balance and pattern of infectious ...
Page 20
... centuries . Europe was growing in every sense . - There were other major changes in the manorial system by the late twelfth century . Many lords , having granted commutations , abandoned direct cultivation of their estates . Supervising ...
... centuries . Europe was growing in every sense . - There were other major changes in the manorial system by the late twelfth century . Many lords , having granted commutations , abandoned direct cultivation of their estates . Supervising ...
Page 23
... twelfth cen- turies . Others credit it with the era's growing sea and land travel , ex- panding trade and urbanization , and even the entire Commercial Revolution . By the late twelfth century , the four hundred years of the little op ...
... twelfth cen- turies . Others credit it with the era's growing sea and land travel , ex- panding trade and urbanization , and even the entire Commercial Revolution . By the late twelfth century , the four hundred years of the little op ...
Contents
A Natural History of Plague | 1 |
The European Environment 10501347 | 16 |
The Plagues Beginnings | 33 |
Copyright | |
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areas Asia began Black Death brought bubonic plague Cambridge University Press caused changes Christian chronicler church claimed clergy crisis Cuxham demic depopulation died doctors early fourteenth century eastern economic effect England English Europe's European example famine fifteenth century flagellants fleas Florence France Georges Duby Germany Giovanni Villani Guy de Chauliac History human important infected Italian Italy Jean de Venette John Justinian's Plague killed labor land late medieval Late Middle Ages London lords Manor manorial McNeill Medicine Medieval Mediterranean Basin merchants Middle East mortality Netherlands North northern Oxford pandemic Paris peasants perished pestis physicians plague epidemics plague morbidity plague's pneumonic plague population postplague preplague Princeton University Press public health rodent role rural scholars second plague pandemic sick Siena sixteenth smallpox social Society southern spread studies surgeons teenth century theory thirteenth century Thrupp tion town trade tury twelfth century urban villages West Western William McNeill York