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2nd. That it be enacted, that the students upon matriculation shall either be designated as of the particular denominations to which they belong; or without any such designations, in accordance with the direction of their respective parents or guardians.

3rd. And be it enacted, that candidates for any degree, who, at the time of such application, may be students of any such affiliated College, shall be required, before admission to such degree, to produce testimonials from their respective Colleges.

4th. And be it enacted, that it shall be competent for the constituted authorities of any Church or religious denomination from time to time to appoint a clergyman or minister to the office of superintendent of religious instruction, to be called the Professor of Divinity of such denomination, or by such other title as any such denomination may select; who, upon such appointment, shall have the spiritual charge and care of all students designated upon matriculation, as belonging to such denomination other than the students of such affiliated College as hereinbefore provided.

5th And be it enacted, that each Professor of Divinity so appointed shall have power, with the occurrence of the authority making such appointment to prescribe regulations for the religious instruction of the students under his care, and for securing their regular attendance upon Divine worship; such regulations before coming into force to be laid before the Caput of the University, and certified by them as not interfering with the general discipline of the University, but in case the Caput shall find that the said regulations do interfere with such discipline, in such case they shall have power to send back the same to such Professor of Divinity for reconsideration and amendment in that respect.

6th. And be it enacted, that the President shall cause a list of the names of all the students under the spiritual charge of each Professor to be furnished to such Professor after each matriculation.

7th. And be it enacted, that each Professor of Divinity shall, at the termination of each collegiate session, report to the Caput on the general conduct of the students under his spiritual charge, and on the manner in which the regulations regarding such students have been observed.

Educated vs. Uneducated Crininals.-A recent correspondent of the Toronto Globe, in discussing the general question of Free Schools, adduces the following striking statistics relating to the comparative education of criminals. He observes:--The following interesting statistics, showing the moral power of instruction, are extracted from the journal of the Statistical Society, published in London, and though they are somewhat startling, their accuracy may be relied on,--for whenever the correctness of the returns admitted a doubt, they were referred back to the prisons, for the signature of the Chaplain. Taking all the counties of England and Wales, from 1836 to 1847, a period of 11 years, more than half those counties fail to furnish a single accusation against any person educated beyond reading and writing :-

The annual average of accusations in all the counties was,

Do. of persons educated beyond reading and writing,

Proportion of accusations to the male population,

25,412 106

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The returns for 1846 give the same results, and in 15 English counties no person educated beyond reading and writing was convicted in either 1845 or 1846. It would be difficult to believe, upon less reliable testimony, that in the County of Middlesex, including London, there should have been no more than 3 educated persons convicted of crime in 1845, and only 1 in 1846; and these offences were slight, for one of the three convicted in 1845 was discharged, and another was fined only one shilling for assault. During 1845 and 1846, the number of charges against boys under 15 years of age was 3,189, and not one of these appears to have been educated beyond reading and writing. Now if we take into consideration the expenses entailed on the community in the prosecution and safe keeping of these criminals, together with the amount of property stolen or destroyed, the sum would be enormous, One instance will show this: Mr. Serjeant Adams stated at the Middlesex Sessions of 1847, that during 1846 there were,

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520 £540 1,300

£1,840

besides the hundreds of cases not known. Increasing, as these Provinces are, in population and wealth--in anticipation of possible agitations, political and social, let us lay the foundations of order deep in the affections of a free, instructed and virtuous people--reason, justice, policy and Christian philanthropy alike urge us to promote, by every means, the moral and religious education of the masses.

NEW BRUNSWICK.

Items.-The House of Assembly has by a resolution recently suspended £1,100, or the half of the annual grant to King's College.— Mr. Amasa Smith, a native of Fredericton, has been recently appointed Assistant Professor of Logic and Rhetoric, at the National Law School in

-the State of New York.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Items. Large numbers of the working classes now attend the lectures in Trinity College University, Dublin, a circumstance altogether novel.......The non-resident Assistants of Dulwich College have succeeded against the resident Master and Fellows of the College in the election of the new Warden. Fortune favoured their nominee, Mr. Richard William Allen, in the casting of lots. There is now a prospect that a considerable extension of the education advantages of the College may be effected.....Lord Melgund is preparing a bill to be introduced into parliament for providing a system of national education for Scotland....... Professors of stenography have been appointed in the Universities of Berlin, and of Christiana, in Norway.

UNITED STATES.

The President and Fellows of Harvard University have addressed a quemorial to the Massachusetts legislature protesting against the new organization of the college. The memorial strongly questions the legal or constitutional right of the legislature to make the changes contemplated. As an evidence of the prosperity of the institution, the memorial states that, "Within the last forty years large and expensive buildings have been erected for the accommodation of the college, and four for the accommodation of the divinity, law, scientific, and medical schools. The college library has accumulated from fifteen to fifty-seven thousand volumes, not including the law library of fourteen thousand. The philosophical apparatus has greatly increased: the Rumford cabinet has been procured, and large, additions have been made to the mineralogical cabinet, The whole number of professors is twenty-five, nineteen of whom reside in Cambridge, and give constant instruction. The institution is three times as large as it was half a century ago, containing nearly three times the number of students, more than three times the number of instructors, and giving an appropriate education in the most important professions, as well as conducting the preparatory studies of the more youthful class of pupils. Mention is also made of the astronomical olservatory as a valuable adjunct to the university. Education in New England-From the Earl of Carlisle's Lecture at Leeds.-The public institutions of Boston are admirably conducted. The public or common schools there, as, I believe, in New England gen. erally, are supported by a general rate, to which all contribute, and all may profit by. I am not naturally now disposed to discuss the question how far this system would bear being transplanted and engrafted on our policy; it would be uncandd if I did not state that the universality of the instruction, and the exceltnce of what fell unper my own observation, presented to my mind som mortifying points of contrast to what we have hitherto effected at home .. I have already mentioned with just praise the universal difusion and excellent quality of popular education as established in New Yox, and, I may add, the prosperous State of Ohio.

Literary and Scientific Entelligence.

Items. Mr. Martin Farquhar Tupper, the English "AngloSaxon" poet, and authorof Proverbial Philosophy, has recently been in the principal cities of Canada, while on his Anerican tour. He seems to have received very little atention.......M. Guizat is on the point of publishing a series of biographical sketches of men who figured in the English revolution of 1640. The life of Ludlow appears in the first of the series. ... The Lord Mayor his announced a series of receptions at the Mansion House, of "the literati and scientific nen of this country and the continent:" also of the foreign commissioners, and "those contributors who may receive marks of distinction.".... At the meeting of the Acade

......

my of science, in Stockholm, on the 12th of February, several papers on natural history were read, and Mr. Erdman gave important information of a discovery in the neighbourhood of Nora, which may be of incalculable value. A large supply of beautiful white marble has been opened up there, the specimens shown were similar to the Carrara marble, and give the promise that not only sculptors may find suitable blocks without sending to Italy, but that Sweden may be enabled to furnish other lands with a supply. .... According to the Manchester papers, the sum of £8,703 has been subscribed for the formation of a free library for that borough..... The Ameri. can Association of Science met on Monday at Cincinnati, a large number of the most eminent savans in the country being present. It is thought that the session will last four weeks.......Capt. Wilkes, of the United States Exploring Expedition to the Antarctic Seas, has just received an elegant gold medal from the British Government, as an acknowledgment that he was the true discoverer of a disputed continent, from which he saw the volcanic fires bursting from a land of ice and snow, and pouring their lava down the eternal barriers of the frozen mountains. (We never hear of a reciprocity in these honours by the Americans.)

A Magnificent Album.-The Artists and artisans of Munich have made a present to King Louis of Bavaria, as a lasting sign of their gratitude and acknowledgement of his merits in the cultivation of the fine and industrial arts. The present of the artists is an Album, twenty-six inches inches high, and seven and a half inches thick; it is bound in dark red velvet, and decorated with clasps, ornaments, and basso-relievos, in gilded bronze, in the Gothic style of the 15th century. In the middle of the cover is a large medallion, encircled with brilliants, and filled with a basso relievo, representing the King, surrounded by his artists, and speaking to them; "I live in your works" the answer to the King, to the deputation of artists after his abdication. In the corners are four medallions, the basso-relievos of which represent the architects with their models, the sculptors and bronze-founders with the "Bavaria," the historical painters executing a fresco work, and the landscape and genre-painters painting from nature. About the middle medallion are placed the arms of the King, of four divisions of Bavaria, and of the artists with the dedication executed in enamel, and surrounded by rich leaves. The interior contains a collection of 177 drawings, water colours, and oil paintings, executed by artists in Munich Dresden, Berlin, Dusseldorf, Stuttgardt, &c., so that the Album, indeed, appears as a present of all the German artists.—Art Journal. Library Statistics, &c.—Russia.—The Imperial Library, founded at St. Petersburgh by Catherine II., has been thrown open to the public by the Emperor Nicholas. It contains 563,420 volumes, and 15,471 manuscripts. The duplicate copies amount to about 20,000, part of which are to be given to the Geographical Society, and others to the Archæological Society of St. Petersburgh.-In 1849, the number of volumes in the chief public and college libraries of the United States amounted to 1,294,000. The number of libraries was 182. Of these, 48 contained over 10,000 volumes; 9, over 20,000; and 2, over 50,000. The principal are thus enumerated :-Harvard College, including Divinity and Law Schools, 72,000; Philadelphia and Loganian Library, 62,000; Boston Athenæum, 50,000 Library of Congress, 50,000; New York Society Library, 32,000; Mercantile Library of New York, 32,000; Georgetown College, D. C., 25,000; Brown University, 24,000; New York State Library, 24,000; Yale College, 21,000. The N. Y. State Library contains more than 25,000 volumes, over 10,000 of which are law books, very many of them of great value. The estimated worth of the collection is over $100,000. The Rev. Mr. Gurley has petitioned the Congress of the United States" to grant to the government of Liberia a set of such books and public documents as have from time to time been published by its order, as the nucleus of a public library for that county for all time."

A Beautiful Flower. A friend presented us a day or two since with a curiosity in the shape of a flower, which, we think, is one of the greatest wonders of the floral kingdom we have seen. It is about the size of a walnut, perfectly white, with fine leaves resembling very much indeed the wax plant. Upon the blooming of the flower, in the cup formed by the leaves, is the exact image of a dove lying on its back, with its wings extended. The peak of the bill and the eyes are plainly to be seen, and a small leaf before the flower arrives at maturity forms the outspread tail. This leaf can be raised or shut down with the fingers, without breaking or apparently injuring it, until the flower reaches its full bloom, when it drops off. —[Panuma Star.

Important Discovery.-A cave that beats the Wisconsin cave. We are just informed that N. J. Coleman, Esq, who has recently visited the great Indiana cave, that another immense cavern has been discovered opening from the original cave, which in extent, curiosities, and mineral productions, far surpasses the old cave. Mr. Coleman discovered an aperture, just before reaching Jacob's ladder, into which a large man could

hardly enter, and desired the party which accompanied him to explore it. The guide and two or three of the party objected, as the aperture appeared to descend rapidly, and they feared they might meet with bad air. By a little persuasion, however, they were prevailed upon to make the exploration. With much difficulty they descended some forty feet, when to their great astonishment, they found themselves in an immense apartment. They immediately determined to fully explore the cave they had discovered. They found that this room opened into others, and these into still others, and that apparently there was no termination to the cave, they followed the main passage some four or five miles, according to their best calculation, when they were admonished by their lights that they must return, On their way back, they visited some of the rooms which they had passed in which they found large beds of Epsom salts, in nearly a pure state. We are also informed that the cave contains five specimens of salpetre, plaster of paris, alabaster, &c., of which the party procured many finé specimens. We can now say to our sister state, Kentucky, that Indiana has a cavern which far surpasses the Great Mammoth, as the last discovery, in cornection with the great Indiana cave, will make it one of the largest in the United States. It is about eleven miles from Corydon, in a southwest direction, and about seven north of Leavenworth.-(New Albany, Indiana, Ledger.

Ivory Carving.-A new art has been introduced into this country, which is likely to prove a very valuable resource for female employment, and that is in ivory carving. A very amiable lady, while staying at Boulogne, took lessons from one of the eminent carvers of Dieppe, a pupil of the celebrated David d'Angers, and she has introduced into this country the tools, models, and processes. Wood-engraving led the way, cameo cutting followed, and now ivory carving will become another branch of art followed by women. Our readers are well aware that ivory-carving affords a great resource to the town of Dieppe, and is likewise practised in other parts of France. Brooches, medallions, and other articles of ornament, crucifixes and small statuary, are extensively manufactured of ivory, and have likewise a considerable sale among English visitors. The art is one particularly suited for young women of education, and of an artistic disposition, and is worthy of cultivation.-[Architect.

Preparation of Flax-Important Experiments.-It is stated that the experiments now in progress at Manchester to test the advantage of the new method for bleaching flax, invented by M. Clussen, appear to afford incontestable proof that the material thus supplied will be of a nature to produce an important effect on our cotton manufactures. By this discovery the necessity for the steeping process is done away with, and the splitting and softening of the fibre is so effected as to fit it for the requirements of the machinery hitherto solely adapted to the spinning and weaving of cotton wool. The texture and softness of cotton is gained, together with the durability of linen, unaccompanied by the cold paper-like surface which has hitherto been peculiar to it; and as these advantages are alleged to be realized at a cost of production considerably below the present price of cotton wool, the question becomes not merely one of importance as regards the regeneration of Ireland, but also as affecting the comforts of the people at large, and the vital interests of the manufacturing population. -[Times.

Telegraphs.-The British Electric Telegraph Company, having some time since laid down a specific plan for effecting electric communication between Great Britain and Ireland across the channel, between Scotland and the north-eastern coast of Ireland, have not only determined on selecting that route as the best for effecting the proposed communication, but have arranged to commence operations forthwith, at Belfast, by laying a line from this town to Dublin, whilst they are making the necessary preparations to cross the channel. The directors contemplate placing all the wires underground, and the act of incorporation enables the company to open all streets, roads, &c., in the three kingdoms, so that they are not nécessarily confined to railways, though these will be made use of, so far as practicable. They further propose to bring the telegraph within the reach of the humblest person, as in America, so as to have messages transmitted at not more than one-third the present charge, and, as far as possible, to assimilate the system to a postal arrangement.— -We learn from Dr. Turnbull that there are now 22,000 miles of telegraph in operation in the United States; 12,000 on the Morse principle, and about 10,000 on the House and Bain principle. The telegraph now extends from Halifax to New Orleans, and as far west as Dubuque, Iowa.-The Emperor of Russia has ordered the erection of two colossal lines of electric telegraph from St. Petersburgh to Berlin and Vienna.-Daring the present month an unbroken line of telegraph will be open to the public from Antwerp, through Germany and Austria, and under an arrangement between the different states, the charges will be assimilated.On the first of March, the French telegraphs are to be opened to the public. By the tariff, 300 words from Paris to Calais, (235 miles), will cost $9.

Editorial and Official Notices, &c.

THE OFFICIAL CIRCULARS TO CLERKS of Counties, Cities, Towns, and incorporated villages, accompanying the certified apportionment of the Legislative School Grant for 1851 will be found on pages 75-77.

FRENCH AND GERMAN TEACHERS.-The following section has been added by the Council of Public Instruction to the "Programme of the Examination and classification of Teachers of Common Schools in Upper Canada," numbered I, and published in the Journal of Education for October, 1850, page 150:

8. In regard to the teachers of French or German, a knowledge of French or German grammar be substituted for a knowledge of English grammar; and that the certificates to the teacher be expressly limited accordingly.

The foregoing is designed to apply to teachers of Common Schools in the French or German languages in the parts of the Province only where those languages prevail.

THE RECENT NORMAL SCHOOL EXAMINATION.-From the British Colonist of the 30th instant.-The sixth session of this admirable institution closed yesterday, after a long and thorough examination of the students, in the various branches of education which have occupied their attention during the last nine months. The examination extended over five days, four of which were devoted to the preparation of written answers to printed questions, which, we learn, will be deposited in the Education Office, for future reference, if necessary. The fifth day, Thursday, comprehended. a public examination of the whole class in the principles of Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, &c., together with Grammar and organization of Schools, in the forenoon. In the afternoon, the class was examined before a highly respectable audience, in Natural Philosophy, Agricultural Chemistry, History and Geography. The answers of the students were given in far better style than at any former occasion, and exhibited, in an admirable manner, the attention and care of their instructors, Messrs. Robertson and Hind. In consequence of the unavoidable absence of His Excellency the Governor General, the prizes awarded by His Excellency for the greatest proficiency in Agricultural Science, were distributed by the Rev. J. Jennings, who addressed the audience at some length on the present condition and future prospects of the Normal School, as well as on the changes about to be introduced by the Council of Public Instruction, in relation to the length of the session and the attendance of students. After a few obversations from Mr. Robertson, the students sang God Save the Queen. The exercises of the day closing with a benediction from the Rev. J. Jennings. The names of the successful competitors for His Excellency the Governor General's prizes are,First Prize, Royal W. Hermon. Second Prize William Crewson.

THE NEXT SESSION OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL, will commence on Tuesday the 19th of August next, and continue for a period of from four to five months. The revised terms upon which candidates will be admitted to the Institution, will be published in this Journal as soon as they shall have been decided upon by the Council of Public Instruction for Upper Canada. The present session of nine months closed upon the 31st instant.

THE CHIEF SUPERintendent of SCHOOLS, having accomplished the objects of his mission to Europe, expected to leave England by the Cunard steamer Asia, on the 24th instant or, at the latest, by the Collins steamer, Pacific, on the 28th. The Corner Stone of the new Normal and Model Schools and Education Offices will be laid with appropriate ceremonies, as soon after his return as possible.

MUNICIPAL ORDERS FOR THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATION.-In addition to the cordial coöperation in the publication of the Journal of Education which we have already received, and referred to in our February number, we are happy to be enabled to state that the fol

lowing additional municipalities have ordered copies of the Journal for its offices, or for each school within its boundaries, viz. County of Norfolk and County of Middlesex; Townships of Waterloo, Puslinch, Loughborough, Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, Lanark Intimation and Darling; City of Hamilton and Town of Perth. has been received that other Municipal Councils are about proceeding in the same liberal and enlightened spirit of coöperation. The plan of ordering a copy for each municipal officer in the various townships has been adopted by some of the county councils. The plan is an excellent one. It furnishes official and other information periodically in a convenient form, and without incurring heavy postage and other expenses. It is satisfactory to know, that the number of subscribers obtained thus far for the IVth Volume of the Journal of Education, for 1851, more than doubles the entire number obtained during the whole of 1850.

The Clerk of one of the Municipalities in transmitting the order of the Council, remarks:

"Having at the last meeting of the Municipal Council been authorized to perform the pleasing task of ordering, and remitting the price for several additional copies of the Journal of Education, and of the School Register, enclosed you will find the amount for them in full.

"Our Council is desirous to encourage the Journal of Education; the members, however, think it prudent to begin by subscribing for a copy for each school located in the Township,-thus you may be certain of the same number being annually subscribed for; and so soon as the people will know of its utility, a steady and regularly increasing support may be relied on.

"You will be glad to learn that our schools are rapidly improving under our excellent school law. Considerably more than one-half of the youth under tuition in this Township are receiving a free education. I am confident that by prudent management, the other schools of the township will be free in a year or two; so that our justly esteemed Superintendent of Education will (much sooner than he anticipated) have his wishes gratified."

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REQUEST.At a Meeting of the Freeholders and Householders

of School Section, No. 10, it was moved by James Findlay, seconded by Thomas Brown, and passed unanimously, that it is the earnest wish of this Meeting that all clergymen of the Protestant faith residing, or officiating as such, in the township of Scarboro, would give at least one Lecture upon Education in this School House during the year 1851. Also, that they would notify at the School, or to the Trustees of the Section, the day and hour of Lecture.

Scarboro, May, 1851.

GEORGE AUBURN, Chairman.

WANTED a School by a Teacher who has been trained in

the Normal School. Satisfactory references can be given. Salary, about £60. Address (post paid) to W. M, No. 105, King Street West, Toronto. May 12, 1851.

WANTED, a Teacher for the Common School in Section No.

1, Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo. One who has a Certificate from Normal School would be preferred. Apply to S. B. Bowman, Amos M. Cleming, Robert Ferrie, Trustees."

WANTED, a Teacher for Section No. 2, Seymour East.

Salary £50 per annum, without Board. Apply, post paid, to Wm. Leak, Trustee.

TORONTO: Printed and Published by THOMAS HUGH BENTLEY. TERMS: For a single copy, 58. per annum; not less than 8 copies, 4s. 44d. each, or $7 for the 8; not less than 12 copies, 4s. 24. each, or $10 for the 12; 20 copies and upwards, 3s, 9d. each. Back Vols. neatly stitched supplied on the same terms. AB Subscriptions to commence with the January number, and payinent in advance must in all cases accompany the order. Single nuinbers, 74d. each.

All communications to be addressed to Mr. J. GEORGE Hodgins,
Education Office, Toronto.

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

1. Modern Systems of Education and their Founders-No. 3. Dinter, II. A Visit to Girard College, Philadelphia,-Communicated by T. H., III. The Ancient Roman System of Education, IV. SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE-Three illustrations, V. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. The Beauty of Life. 2. Tellurian (illustrated.) 3. 4. Education of Mechanics. 5. Colonial The Voyage of the Dead. Empire of Great Britain. 6. Curiosities of Art. 7. Empire of China, 7. 9. Derivation of Impressions in Youth. 8 Philosophical Sentiment. Yankee. 10. Frugality. 11. Haroun al Raschid. 12. Moral from Longfellow. 13. Taxes like Vapours. 14. The Heart's Arguments. 15. Study of the Classics, and three other short articles, .... VI. EDITORIAL.. 1. Official Circular to Local Superintendents on the Distribution of the School Fund for 1851. 2. Text Books-Municipal Councils. 3. Governor General's Prizes in the Normal School. 4. Hints to Teachers, VII. EDUCATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: 1. Canada. 2. Prince Edward's Island. 3. Jamaica. 4. British and Foreign. 5. Sweden. 6. India. 7. United States. VIII. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. IX. Editorial and Official Notices-Advertisements.

PAGE.

81

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MODERN SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION AND THEIR

FOUNDERS.

GUSTAVUS FREDRICK DINTER,-BORN 1760, DIED 1831, ETAS, 71 YEARS.

No III.

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"Ich versprach Gott: Ich will jedes preussische Bauerkind für ein Wesen anschen, das mich bei Gott verklagen kann, wenn ich ihm nicht die beste Menschen-und Christen-Bildung schaffe, die jch ihm zu schaffen vermag."

"I promised God, that I would look upon every Prussian peasant child as a being who could complain of me before God, if I did not provide for him the best education as a man and a Christian, which it was possible for me to provide."

Dinter's Letter to Baron Von Altenstein.

Such was the celebrated pledge of this memorable man; and nobly did he, by his untiring energy and industry, redeem his solemn vow to promote popular education among his fellow countrymen.

Gustavus Fredrick Dinter, or, as he was at a later date more generally styled, School-Councillor Dinter, was born in Borna, near Leipsic, in Saxony, in 1760. A cotemporary memoir states, that he first distinguished himself as principal of a Teacher's seminary in Saxony, whence he was invited by the Prussian government to the station of School-Counsellor for Eastern-Prussia. "He resides at Koenigsberg, and spend about ninety days in the year in visiting the schools of his province, and is incessantly employed nearly thirteen hours a day for the rest of his time, in the active duties of his office: and that he may devote himself the more exclusively to his work, he lives unmarried. He complains that his laborious occupation prevents his writing as much as he wishes for the public, yet, in addition to his official duties, he lectures several times a week, during term-time in the University at Konigsberg, and always has in his house a number of indigent boys, whose education he superintends, and, though poor himself, gives them board and clothing. He has made it a rule to spend every Wednesday afternoon, and, if possible, one whole day in the week besides, in writing for the press; and thus, by making the best use of every moment of time, though he was nearly forty years old before his career as an author commenced, he has contrived to publish more than sixty original works, some of them extending to several yolumes, and all of them popular. Of one book, a school catechism, fifty thousand copies, were sold previous to 1830; and of his large work, the School-Teacher's Bible, in 9 volumes 8vo., thirty thousand copies were sold in less than ten years.

"He is often interrupted by persons who are attracted by his fame, or desire his advice; and while conversing with his visitors, that no time may be lost, he employs himself in knitting; and thus not only supplies himself with stockings and mittens, suited to that cold

climate, but always has some to give away to indigent students and other poor people. His disinterestedness is quite equal to his activity, and of the income of his publications he devotes annually nearly five hundred dollars to benevolent purposes. Unweariedly industrious, and rigidly economical as he is, he lays up nothing for himself. He says, "I am one of those happy ones, who, when the question is put to them, "Lack ye any thing? (Luke xxii. 35,) can answer with joy, 'Lord, nothing.' To have more than one can use is superfluity, and I do not see how this can make any one happy. People often laugh at me, because I will not incur the expense of drinking wine, and because I do not wear richer clothing, and live in a more costly style. Laugh away, good people; the poor boys also, whose education I pay for, and for whom, besides, I can spare a few dollars for Christmas gifts and New-year's presents, they have their laugh too."

Dinter, in his autobiography, gives some surprising specimens of gross incapacity in teachers, even subsequent to 1819. The following anecdotes are from that interesting work, Dinter's Leben von ihm selbst beschrieben

In the examination of a school in East Prussia, which was taught by a subaltern officer dismissed from the army, the teacher gave Dinter a specimen of his skill in the illustration of scripture narrative. The passage was Luke vii., the miracle of raising the widow's son at Nain. “See, children, (says the teacher,) Nain was a great city, a beautiful city; but even in such a great, beautiful city, there lived people who must die. They brought the dead youth out. See, children, it was the same then as it is now-dead people couldn't go alone-they had to be carried. He that was dead began to speak. This was a sure sign that he was alive again, for if he had continued dead he couldn't have spoken a word.

In a letter to the King, a dismissed school-master complained that the district was indebted to him 200705 dollars. Dinter supposed the man must be insane, and wrote to the physician of the place to enquire. The physician replied that the poor man was not insane, but only ignorant of the numeration-table, writing 200705 instead of 275. Dinter subjoins, "By the help of God, the King and good men, very much has now been done to make things better."

In examining candidates for the school-teacher's office, Dinter asked one where the Kingdom of Prussia was situated. He replied that he believed that it was in the southern part of India. He asked another the cause of the ignis fatuus commonly called Jack-with-the-lantern. He said they were spectres made by the devil. Another being asked why he wished to become a school-teacher, replied, that he must get a living somehow-a very common reply, even in Canada.

A military man of great influence once urged Dinter to recommend a disabled soldier, in whom he was interested, as a schoolteacher. "I will do so," says Dinter, "if he sustains the requisite examination." "O," says the Colonel, "he doesn't know much about school teaching, but he is a good moral steady man, and I hope you will recommend him to oblige me." D.-O yes, Colonel, to oblige you, if you in your turn will do me a favour. Col.-What is that? D.-Get me appointed drum-major in your regiment. True, I can neither beat a drum nor play a fife; but I am a good, moral, steady man as ever lived. Of course neither appointments were made.

A rich landholder once said to him, "Why do you wish the peasant children to be educated? it will only make them unruly and disobedient." Dinter replied, "If the masters are wise, and the Jaws good, the more intelligent the people the better they will obey."

Dinter complained that the military system of Prussia was a great hinderance to the schools. A nobleman replied that the young men enjoyed the protection of the government, and were thereby bound to defend it by arms. Dinter asked if every stick of timber in a house ought first to be used in a fire-engine, because the house was protected by the engine? or whether it would be good policy to cut down all the trees of an orchard to build a fence with to keep the hogs from eating the fruit?

Towards the close of his autobiography, he says respecting the King of Prussia, "I live happily under Frederick William; he has just given me one hundred and thirty thousand dollars to build churches with in destitute places; he has established a new teacher's seminary for my poor Polanders, and he has so fulfilled my every wish for the good of posterity, that I can myself hope to live to see the time when there shall be no schoolmaster in Prussia more poorly paid than a common labourer. He has never hesitated, dur

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ing the whole term of my office to grant me any reasonable request for the helping forward of the school-system. God bless him. I am with all my heart a Prussian. And now, my friends, when ye hear that old Dinter is dead, say, May he rest in peace; he was a labourious, good hearted, religious man; he was a christian.”” Dinter's personal history may be thus summed up: He was first a pastor at Kitzscher, near Borna; afterwards, in 1797, director of the Normal Seminary of Fredrichstadt, near Dresden. In 1807 he exercised the functions of Minister at Goritz; and in 1816 was named doctor in theology, member of the Council of Public Instruction at Koenigsberg and School-Councillor. He wrote extensively upon the subject of primary instruction. These writings are very popular in Germany. He died in 1831, highly respected and lamented by the Prussian nation.

A VISIT TO GIRARD COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA. To the Editor of the Journal of Education for Upper Canada.

SIR,-Among the many objects of interest presented to a stranger visiting the city of Philadelphia, none has so much attraction for the educationist as that noble monument of philanthropy-the Girard College for Orphans-an Institution erected and endowed through the munificence of a private citizen of that city, for the maintenance and education of "poor male white orphans." Availing myself of the opportunity which a short stay in Philadelphia afforded, I visited the Institution for the purpose of obtaining such information, in regard to its management, &c., as would be interesting and useful; and, having obtained the usual order for admission, I waited upon the President, Mr. ALLEN, who, after a few remarks in reference to our system of education in Upper Canada, very kindly offered to conduct myself and friends through the College, and afford us whatever information we desired. With much pleasure we accepted his kind offer, and accompanied him through the several buildings which are set apart for the lecturerooms of the College.

There are five separate buildings connected with the Institution, all built of marble, and situated upon a nice plat of ground, about half-anhour's walk from the centre of the city. The main building, which is built in imitation of a Grecian temple, is surrounded by thirtyfour marble columns, each surmounted with exquisitely sculptured Corinthian capitals, and resting upon a platform sixteen feet high, which makes a fine promenade of about 15 feet wide, and is accessible by steps on all sides of the building. The other buildings are without ornament, and are used as residences for the President, Professors, and matrons, and also contain the dormitories for the pupils, and dining-rooms, lavatory, wardrobe, &c. Upon entering the spacious hall of the college, the first object which meets the eye is a marble statue of its founder, STEPHEN GIRARD, representing a low-sized, benevolent, yet eccentric-looking old gentleman, in plain citizen's dress, with his hands crossed before him. A smile plays upon his countenance, as if he were pleased at the wonder and admiration which the product of his wealth creates in the mind of the visitor; or as if he were in the act of welcoming the poor destitute orphan to a noble home where, (to use the words of his will,) "the purest principles of morality are instilled into the youthful minds of its inmates, so that upon their entrance into active life, they may, from inclination and habit, evince benevolence towards their fellowcreatures, and a love of truth, sobriety, and industry."

On either side of the statue, doors lead to the chapel on the left, and the directors' room on the right;-two spacious apartments. The chapel is plainly furnished. Across one end is a raised platform, set apart for the directors and officers of the institution, in the centre of which stands the President's reading desk. Bibles aud hymn-books are placed on the boys' seats throughout the chape for their use while attending prayers every morning and evening. The directors' room is much about the same size as the chapel, and contains, besides the furniture usually required for a board-room, portions of the household furniture of Mr. Girard. In this room is preserved a valuable and interesting document, -a copy of a vote of thanks passed at a public meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia, expressive of their appreciation of Mr. GIRARD'S services during a plague which visited that city about 30 years since. The President, in alluding to it, informed us that while almost every one else was appalled and terrified at the visitation, Mr. GIRARD exerted himself both in person and by his wealth, to re

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