of the comet of February 6, 1847, which was visible at noonday, shortly before perihelion. The motto or inscription is, "Non frustra signorum obitus speculamur et ortus." Mr. Hind has also received from the Academy of Sciences at Paris a prize on the Lalande foundation, for the discovery of Iris and Flora in the year 1847.

Royal Commission to Inquire into the State and Revenues of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.-The Heads of Houses, in both Universities, have objected in the strongest possible manner against the proposed Royal Commission as illegal and unconstitutional, and not designed to promote the objects contemplated.

Printing Statistics of the London "Times."-From a paper on Printing Machines, read by Mr. E. Cowper, at the Institution of Civil Engineers, it appears that on the 6th of May, 1850, the Times and Supplement contained 72 columns, or 17,500 lines, made up of upwards of a million pieces of type, of which matter about two-fifths were written, composed, and corrected after seven o'clock in the evening. The Supplement was sent to press at 7.50 p.m., the first form of the paper 4.15 a.m., and the second form at 4.45 a.m.; on this occasion, 7,000 were published before 6.15 a.m., 21,000 papers before 7.30 a.m., and 34,000 before 8.45 a.m., or in about four hours. The greatest number of copies ever printed in one day was 54,000, and the greatest quantity of printing in one day's publication was on the 1st of March, 1848, when the paper used weighed 7 tons, the weight usually required being 4 tons; the surface to be printed every night, including the Supplement, was 30 acres; the weight of the fount of type in constant use was 7 tons, and 110 compositors and 25 pressmen were constantly employed.

Change of Names.-Formerly a custom prevailed with learned men to change their names. They christened themselves with Latin and Greek. Desiderius Erasmus was a name formed out of his family name Gerard, which in Dutch signifies amiable, or G AR all, and A ER D nature. He first changed it to a Latin word of much the same signification, Desiderius, which he refined into the Greek Erasmus, by which names he is now known. The celebrated Reuchlin, which in German signifies smoke, considered it more dignified to smoke in Greek, by the name of Capnio. One of the most amiable of the Reformers was originally named Hertz Swartz (black earth,) which he elegantly turned into the Greek name of Melancthon.

Beginning of the Year in Various Nations.-The Chaldeans' and Egyptians' year was dated from the autumnal equinox. The ecclesiastical year of the Jews began in the spring; but in civil affairs they retain the epoch of the Egyptian year. The ancient Chinese reckoned from the new moon nearest the middle of Aquarius. The year of Romulus commenced in March, and that of Numa in January. The Turks and Arabs date their year from the 16th of July. Dremschild, or Gemschild, king of Persia, observed, on the day of his public entry into Persepolis, that the sun entered its Aries; and in commemoration of this fortunate event, he ordained the beginning of the year to be removed from the autumnal to the vernal equinox. The Brachmun begin their year with the new moon in April. The Mexicans begin in February, when the leaves begin to grow green. Their year consists of eighteen months, having twenty days in each; the last five are spent in mirth, and no business is suffered to be done, nor even any service in the temples. The Abyssinians have five idle days at the end of their year, which commences on the 26th of August. The American Indians reckon from the first appearance of the moon at the vernal equinox. The Mohammedans begin their year the minute in which the sun enters Aries. The Venetians, Florentines, and the Pisans in Italy, began the year at the vernal equinox. The French year, during the reign of the Merovingian race, began on the day on which the troops were reviewed, which was the first of March. Under the Carlovingians, it began on Christmas-day, and under the Capetians, on Easterday. The ecclesiastical begins on the first Sunday in Advent. Charles the IX. appointed, in 1564, that for the future the civil year should commence on the 1st of January. The Julian Calendar, which was so called from Julius Cæsar, and is the old account of the year, was reformed by Pope Gregory in 1582, which plan was suggested by Lewis Lilio, a Calabrian Astronomer. The Dutch, and the Protestants in Germany, introduced the new style in 700. The ancient clergy reckoned from the 25th of March; and the method was observed in Britain until the introduction of the new style, A. D.1752; after which our year commenced on the 1st of January.

Singular and Curious Facts in Natural History.—The greyhound runs by eye-sight only, and this we observe as a fact. The carrierpigeon flies his two hundrec and fifty miles home ward, by eye-sight, viz. : from point to point of objects which he has marked; but this is only our conjecture. The fierce dragon-fly, with twelve thousand lenses in his eyes, darts from angle to angle with the rapidity of a flashing sword, and as rapid

ly darts back-not turning in the air, but with a clash reversing the action of the wings-the only known creature that possesses this faculty. His sight, then both forwards and backwards, must be proportionately rapid with his wings, and instantaneously calculating the distance of objects, or he would dash himself to pieces. But in what confirmation of his eyes does this consist? No one can answer. A cloud of ten thousand gnats dance up and down in the sun, the minutest interval between them, yet no one knocks another on the grass, or breaks a head or a wing, long and delicate as these are. Suddenly, amidst your admiration of this matchless dance, a peculiarly high shouldered, vicious gnat, with long, pale, pendant nose, darts out of the rising and falling cloud, and settling on your cheek inserts a poisonous sting. What possesses the little wretch to do this? Did he smell your blood in the mazy dance? No one knows. A fourhorse coach comes suddenly upon a flock of geese on a narrow road, and drives straight through the middle of them. A goose was never yet fairly run over; nor a duck. They are under the very wheels and hoofs, and yet, somehow, they contrive to flop and waddle safely off. Habitually stupid, heavy and indolent, they are nevertheless equal to any emergency. Why does the lonely woodpecker, when he descends his tree, and goes to drink, stop several times on his way-listen and look round-before he takes his draught? No one knows. How is it that the species of ant which is taken in battle by other ants to be made slaves, should be the black, or negro ant; No one knows. A large species of the starfish (Ludia fragilissima) possesses the power of breaking itself into fragments, under the influence of terror, rage or despair. "As it does not generally break up." says Professor Forbes, "before it is raised above the surface of the sea, cautiously and anxiously I sunk my bucket, and proceeded in the most gentle manner to introduce Ludia to the purer element. Whether the cold air was too much for him, or the sight of the bucket too terrific, I know not; but in a moment he proceeded to dissolve his corporation, and at every mesh of the drege his fragments were seen escaping. In despair I grasped at the largest, and brough up the extremity of an arm with its terminating eye. the spineous eyelid of which opened and closed, with something of a wink of derision." With this exquisite specimen of natural history wonders, for which naturalists can only vouch that "such is the fact," and admit that they know no more. You see that young crab blowing bubbles on the sea-shore !--such is the infancy of science. He waits patiently for the rising tide, when all these gobules of air shall be fused in a great discovery.

Curiosities of Science—Geological Changes of our own Time.— Lyell, Darwin, and others, have lately collected and powerfully applied a curious class of facts, to show the slow and continuous upheaving or depression of large tracts of land, in different parts of the world, in effect of subterranean changes going on underneath. The phenomenon belongs to our own time, as well as to the anterior ages in the history of the globe. In Sweden, for instance, a line traverses the southern part of that kingdom from the Baltic to the Cattegat, to the north of which, even as far as the North Cape of Europe, there is evidence, scarcely disputable in kind, that the land is gradually rising at the average of nearly four feet in a a century; while to the south of this axial line, there are similar proofs of a slow subsidence of surface in relation to the adjacent seas. This, and various other examples of what maby e termed secular changes of elevation, particularly in South America, amidst the great coral foundations of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, have led the eminent geologists just named to regard such slow progressive changes as the probable cause of many or most of those great aspects of the earth's surface, which by others have been attributed to paroxysmal actions of subterranean forces, sudden and violent in kind.

Extraordinary Discovery of the Art of Forming Diamonds. -The Paris correspondent of the Atlas makes the following interesting remarks which announce a triumph of chemical genius as much without parallel as is the diamond itself peerless :-" The scientific world has been in a state of commotion during the whole week in consequence of the publication of the discovery of the long sought for secret of the fusion and crystallization of carbon. The Sorbonne has been crowded for the last few days to behold the result of this discovery in the shape of a tolerably-sized diamond of great lustre, which M. Desprezt, the happy discoverer, submits to the examination of every chemist or savant who chooses to visit him. He declares that so long ago as last autumn he had succeeded in producing the diamond, but in such minute particles as to be visible only through the microscope, and, fearful of raising irony and suspicion, he had kept the secret until, by dint of repeated experiments and great labor, he had completed the one he now offers to public view. Four solar lenses of immense power, aided by the tremendous galvanic pile of the Sorbonne, have been the means of producing the result now before us. M. Desprezt holds himself ready to display the experiment whenever it may be required The diamond produced is one of the quality known in the east as the black diamond, one single specimen of which was sold by Prince Rostoff to the late Duke of York for the enormous sum of twelve thousand pounds."

HOLBROOK'S

Editorial Notices, &c.

141

NOTICE TO MUNICIPAL COUNCILS, LOCAL SUPERINTENDENTS AND TEACHERS.

The notification of the apportionment of the Legislative School Grant for the current year, will be made the very week the Common School Bill, now pending before the Legislature, becomes law; and the payment of that apportionment to the Treasurers of the several Counties, Cities, and Towns, may be expected by the first of August, as in past years. The current year's apportionment of the School Grant cannot be made until the School Bill before the Legislature becomes law, without carrying embarrassment and confusion throughout every part of our School system. This is the reason why the apportionment has not been notified months since. We regret the unexpected delays which have prevented the School Bill from passing the Legislature until the present time. We hope to be able, in the course of a short time, to notify the apportionment to the Local Municipal and School authorities, and furnish the requisite suggestions for giving it effect, and for entering upon a more auspicious carcer for the improvement and efficiency of Common Schools.

CORRESPONDENCE ON THE COMMON SCHOOL LAW OF UPPER CANADA.

A Return has just been laid before the House of Assembly and printed, in answer to an Address from that branch of the Legislature to His Excellency, requesting "copies of all correspondence which have taken place between any member of the Government and the Chief Superintendent of Education, on the subject of the Schoo] Law of Upper Canada, and Education generally, of an official character." The Return contains thirteen principal documents, and ten in the Appendices-23 in all-and includes the correspondence which has taken place on the subject of the School Law, &c., from March, 1846 to April, 1850. The Return extends to 59 printed folio pages. Two or three of the principal documents refer to the School Bill introduced into the House of Assembly last year, by the Hon. MALCOLM CAMERON. The remainder are devoted to the exposition of the general principles of our School system, and of the original drafts of the School Act, 9th Vict., ch. 20, and 10th and 11th Vict., ch. 19, and of the Draft of Bills to amend the School Law of Upper Canada, and to adapt it to our new Municipal Institutions.

cation,...

PAGE.

81

82-83

83

84

8

IV., Prospects of a State determined by the Education of its Youth V. Early Hours and Official Customs of the French Ministers of State-Various Miscellaneous Items, VI. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. The Great First Cause (Poetry). 2. The Daisy. 3. Respect due from the Young to the Old. 4. Fictitious Reading. 5. Free Schools in the State of N. Y. 6. Teachers' Institutes. 7. Importance of Teaching Children to Observe. 8. Education and Teaching the First concern of Society. 9. Starting in the World,.... 86-87 VII. EDITORIAL.. 1. Public School Libraries in U. C. 2. Grammar Schools in U. C. (New Bill). 3. Educational Measures before Parliament. 4. Mr. Thos. C. Keefer's Prize Essay, on the "Canals of Canada,"

88-93

VIII. EDUCATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. 1. Canada. 2. British and Foreign. 3. United States, ......

93-94

Scientific

PP aratus,

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES.

THIS celebrated APPARATUS (several thousand sets of which are now in use in the Schools of the United States) has received the highest encomiums from every distinguished Educator to whom it has been shown, and is now presented for the consideration of the Friends and Patrons of Education in this Province. It has already received the approbation of several of the most prominent Patrons of Schools of the City of Toronto. Among others, we publish the following from that well known friend of Common School Education, the Hon. J. ELMSLEY :

"The School Apparatus of Mr. HOLBROOK, a complete set of which has been procured for City School, No. 8, closely resembles that used in the National Schools in Ireland, and has been there found of singular efficacy in imparting Astronomical, Geometrical, Mathematical, and Mechanical knowledge to the children taught in those Schools, who are always delighted when the Teacher proposes a lecture on any of those subjects. The set is composed of the following articles :

"TORONTO, June, 1850."

"J. ELMSLEY,

"One of the Trustees of Common Schools. "J. TAAFE, Teacher, "City School, No. 8, Toronto.

GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS,

AS FOLLOWS:

Toronto: Printed and Published by THOMAS H. BENTLEY, at 5s per annum, and may be obtained from ANSOI GREEN, HUGH SCOBIE, and A. H. ARMOUR & Co., Toronto; R. D. WADSWORTH, General Agent for Canada: J. McCoy, Montreal; aid D. M. DEWEY, Arcade Hall, Rochester, N. Y.

Back Numbers supplied to all new subscribers.

** The 1st and 2nd Vols. neatly stitched nay be obtained upon application. Price, 5s. per Volume. Single Nos 7d.

All Communications to be addressed to Mr HODGINS, Education Office,

Toronto.

30 to 31 32 to 33 34 to 35

IX. Duties of Chief Superintendent of Schools X. Constitution and Duties of Council of Public Instruction 36 to 38 XI. Miscellaneous Provisions 39 to 48 (21th July, 1850.]

'Preamble.

ed: Proviso.

WHEREAS it is expedient to make provision for

WHEREAS it is and maintenance of Com

mon Schools in the several Villages, Towns, Cities, Townships and Counties of Upper Canada: Be it therefore enacted, by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, constituted and assembled by virtue of and under the authority of an Act passed in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and intituled, An Act to re-unite the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government Two Acts repeal of Canada. And it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, that the Act of the Parliament of this Province, passed in the seventh year of Her Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act for the better Establishment and Maintenance of Common Schools in Upper Canada," and also the Aet passed in the twelfth year of Her Majesty's reign, ch. 83, and intituled "An Act for the better Establishment and Maintenance of Public Schools in Upper Canada, and for repealing the present School Act," shall be, and the same are hereby repealed: Provided always, nevertheless, firstly, that no Act or part of an Act repealed by either of the Acts hereby repealed, shall be revived by the passing of this Act: And provided also, secondly, that the repeal of the said Acts shall not extend or be construed to extend to any act done, any penalty ineurred, or any proceeding had under the said Acts, or either of them:

All school divistons, elections, appointments, Contracts, &C., confirmed.

And provided also, thirdly, that all School Sections or other School divisions, together with all elections and appointments to office, all agreements, contracts, assessments, and rate-bills, made under the authority of the said Acts, or of any preceding Act, and not annulled by the said Acts or by this Act, or by any of them, shall be valid and in full force and binding upon all parties concerned, as if made under the authority of this Act, and shall so continue until altered, modified, or superseded, according to the provisions of this Act: And provided also, fourthly, that nothing herein contained shall affect the liability of any District, County, City, Town, or Township Superintendent of Common Schools, to the Municipal Corporation to which he would otherwise be responsible for the same, for any monoys received by him under any of the said Acts; but the liabilities of every such

No. 7.

Superintendent for such moneys shall be and remain as if this Act had not been passed: And provided also, fifthly, that nothing in the said Act secondly above recited, contained, shall extend, or be construed to extend, to have repealed any Act of the Parliament of this Province, whereby provision was made for the appropriation of money from the consolidated revenue fund of this Province, for or towards the establishment and maintenance of Common Schools in this Province, or in any part thereof.

Annual School meetings to be Jield throughout U. C.. on the

L. ELECTION AND DUTIES OF SCHOOL TRUSTEES. II. And be it enacted, That the annual meetings for the elections of School Trustees, as hereinafter provided by this Act, shall be held in all the Villages, ecold Wednes Towns, Cities, and Townships of Upper Canada, on the second Wednesday in January, in each year, commencing at the hour of Ten of the clock in the

day in January at 10 o'clock, A. M.

forenoon.

One Trustee in each School 8-ction to be elected at each annual School meeting.

III. And be it enacted, That in all School divisions (except in Cities, Towns, and Incorporated Villages) which have been established according to law, and which have been called "School Sections," and in which there shall be three Trustees in office at the time this Act shall come into force, one Trustee shall be elected to office at each ensuing annual school meeting, in place of the one who shall have been three years in office: Provided always, that the same individual, if willing, may be reelected And provided also, that no School Trustee shall be re-elected, except by his own consent, during the four years next after his going out of office.

Proviso: Same individual may

be re-elected, but not without his consent for four years.

Mode of calling the first School

School'section.

IV. And be it enacted, That whenever any school section shall be formed in any Township, as provided meeting in a new in the eighteenth section of this Act, the Clerk of the Township shall communicate to the person appointed to call the first school meeting for the election of Trustees, the description and number of such school section; and such person shall, within twenty days thereafter, prepare a notice in writing, describing such section, and appointing a time and place for the first school section meeting, and shall cause copies of such notice to be posted in at least three public places in such school section, at least six days before the time of holding such meeting.

Mode of proceeding at the first meeting in a new School section.

Election of Chairman and Secretary.

Duty of the Secretary.

Chairman.

V. And be it enacted, That at every such first school section meeting, the majority of the freeholders or householders of such school section present, shall elect one of their own number to preside over the proceedings of such meeting, and shall also appoint a Secretary, whose duty it shall be to record all the proceedings of such meeting; and the Chairman of such meeting shall decide all questions of Day of the order, subject to an appeal to the meeting, and shall give the casting vote in case of an equality of votes, and shall have no vote except as Chairman, and shall take the votes in such manner as shall be desired by the majority of the electors present, and shall, at the request of any two electors, grant a poll for recording the names of the voters by the Secretary: and it shall be the duty of the electors present at such meeting, or a majority of them, to elect from the freeholders or householders in such section, three Trustees, who shall respectively continue in office as follows:

A poll to be granted at the request of any two electors.

Three Trustees to be elected.

One Trustee to be elected in each ward of a City or Town, the second Wednesday in January of each year.

XXIII. And be it enacted, That on the second Wednesday in January of each year, at the time prescribed by the second section of this Act, one fit and proper person shall be elected Trustee in each ward of every City and Town, and shall continue in office two years, and until his successor is elected: Provided always, that such election shall be held at the place where the last municipal Mode of holding election was held for such ward, and under the disuch election. rection of the same returning officer, or, in his default, of such person as the electors present shall choose; and such election shall be conducted in the same manner as an ordinary municipal election in each ward of such City or Town.

To be a corporation.

Duties of the Bard of Trustees in each City or Town.

thereof may be

Trustee), and it

To appoint certain officers, &c.

XXIV. And be it enacted, That the Board of School Trustees for each City and Town, shall be a corporation under the name of "The Board of School Trustees of the City (or Town) of in the County of

;" (the first meeting

called in the City or Town Council room by any shall be the duty of such Board,—

Firstly. To appoint annually or oftener, a Chairman, Secretary, Superintendent of Schools, and one or more collectors of school rates, (if required); and to appoint the times and places of their meetings, and the mode of calling them, of conducting and recording their proceedings, and of keeping all their School accounts.

To hold School Secondly. To take possession of all Common School Property, &c. property, and to accept and hold as a Corporation all property which may have been acquired or given for Common School purposes in such City or Town, by any title whatsoever; to manage or dispose of such property, and all moneys or income for Common School purposes, until the power hereby given shall be taken away or modified by law, and to apply the same, or the proceeds, to the objects for which they have been given or acquired.

To make all Thirdly. To do whatever they may judge expeneedful provisions in respect to dient with regard to purchasing or renting school Common School sites and premises; building, repairing, furnishing, premises, textbooks, &c. warming and keeping in order the school-house or school-houses, and its or their appendages. lands, enclosures and movable property; for procuring suitable apparatus and text-books; and for the establishment and maintenance of a school library or school libraries.

To determine the number and kind of Schools; employ Teachers,

&c.

Fourthly. To determine the number, sites, kind and description of schools which shall be established and maintained in such City or Town; the Teacher or Teachers who shall be employed, the terms of employing them, the amount of their remuneration, and the duties which they are to perform; the salary of the Superintendent of Schools appointed by them and his duties; and to adopt, at their discretion, such measures as they shall judge expedient, in concurrence with the Trustees of the County Grammar School, for uniting one or more of the Common Schools of the City or Town with such Grammar School.

Fifthly. To appoint annually, or oftener, if they shall judge expedient, for the special charge, overspecial charge of sight, and management of each school within such

To appoint a committee of three to take the each school.

To make an estimate of the expenses of the schools.

City or Town, and under such regulations as they shall think proper to prescribe, a committee of not more than three persons for each school.

Sixthly. To prepare from time to time, and lay before the Municipal Council of such City or Town, an estimate of the sum or sums which they shall judge expedient, for paying the whole or part of the salaries of Teachers; for purchasing or renting school premises; for building, renting, repairing warming, furnishing and keeping in order the school-houses

Counell to provide for such expenses.

To levy school rate bills at their

and their appendages and grounds; for procuring suitable apparatus and text-books for the schools; for the establishment and maintenance of school libraries; and for all the necessary expenses of the schools under their charge; and it shall be the duty The Municipal of the Common Council or Council of such City or Town, to provide such sum or sums in such manner as shall be desired by said Board of School Trustees. Seventhly. To levy at their discretion, any rates upon the parents or guardians of children attending discretion. any school under their charge; and to employ the same means for collecting such rates, as Trustees of Common Schools in any Township may do under the twelfth section of this Act: Provided always, that all moneys thus collected shall be paid The sums thus into the hands of the Chamberlain or Treasurer, of such City or Town for the Common School purposes of the same, and shall be subject to the order of the said Board of School Trustees.

collected to be paid jato the hands of the Chamberlain or Treasurer.

To call annual or special school meetings.

Ninthly. To call and give notice of annual and special school meetings of the taxable inhabitants of such City or Town, or of any Ward in it, in the same manner and under the same regulations as are prescribed in the twelfth section of this Act, for the appointment of annual and special school meetings in the school sections of Townships: Provided always, that any person elected at any special ward school meeting, to fill a vacancy which shall have occurred in the Board of Trustees, from any cause whatever, shall hold office only during the unexpired part of the term for which the person whose place shall have become vacant, was elected to serve.

Tenthly. To see that all the pupils in the schools are duly supplied with an uniform series of authorized text books; to appoint a Librarian, and take charge of the school library or libraries, whenever established.

Continuance in office of persons elected to fill vacancies.

To see that the pupils are duly supplied with proper test banke, &c.

Eleventhly. To see that all the schools under their charge are conducted, according to the regulations authorized by law; and, at the close of each year, to prepare and publish, in one or more of the public papers, or otherwise, for the information of the inhabitants of such City or Town, an annual report of their proceedings, and of the progress and state of the schools under their charge; of the receipts and expenditure of all school moneys; and to prepare and transmit annually, before the fifteenth of January, to the Chief Superintendent of Schools, a report, signed by a majority of the Trustees, and containing all the information required in the report

XXV. And be it enacted, That the Municipality Powers of Muniof every incorporated Village, shall possess and exercise all the powers, and be subject to all the obligations with regard to the levying and raising of moneys for Common School purposes, and for the establishment and maintenance of school libraries, within the limits of such incorporated Village, as are conferred and imposed by this Act upon the Municipal Corporations of Cities: Provided always, that on the second Wednesday in January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in each such incorporated Village, at the place of the then last annual election of Councillors, there shall be a meeting of the taxable inhabitants of such incorporated Village, and which meeting shall be organized and conducted in the same manner as is prescribed in the twenty-third section of this Act, for the conducting of annual school meetings in the wards of Cities and Towns; and at such meeting, six fit and proper persons, from among the resident freeholders or householders, shall be elected School Trustees for

How such elections to be held and conducted.

Six Trustees to be eleated in each incorporated vil¬

age.

Mode of retirement from office.

such incorporated Village; and the persons thus chosen shall be divided by lot into three classes, of two individuals each, to be numbered one, two, three; the first class shall hold office one year, the second, two years, and the third, three years, and until their successors are elected; but each Trustee retiring from office shall be eligible to be re-elected with his own consent : Two Trustees to Provided secondly, that there shall be a like school be elected at each meeting annually in each such incorporated Village, ensuing annual school meeting. at which two persons shall be chosen Trustees, in the place of the two retiring from office, and shall continue in office two years, and until their successors are elected: Provided thirdly, that the first annual school meeting in each incorporated Village, shall be called by the Town-reeve of such Village, who shall cause notices to be posted in at least six public places of such Village, at least six days before the time of holding such meeting.

Mode of calling the first annual school meeting.

The trustees thus elected in each incorporated village to succeed to

all the rights, obligations. &c., of the present trustees.

To be a corporation.

Their powers, obligations, and duties the same as those of trustees in cities and towns.

XXVI. And be it enacted, That the Trustees elected in each incorporated Village, according to the provisions of the preceding section, shall succeed to all the rights, powers, obligations and liabilities of the present Trustees of such incorporated Village, and shall be a Corporation under the title of the "Board of School Trustees of the incorporated Village of―, in the County of --;" and shall possess all the powers, and be subject to all the obligations, within the limits of such incorporated Village, as are conferred and imposed by the twenty-fourth section of this Act, upon the Trustees of Cities and Towns.

V. DUTIES OF COUNTY MUNICIPAL COUNCILS.

Duties of county councils..

To raise by assessment in each jdar, a sum equal to the Legis ative school grant ap

county.

XXVII. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Municipal Council of each County:

Firstly. To cause to be levied each year upon the sovoral Townships of such County, such sum or sums of money for the payment of the salaries of portioned to such legally qualified Common School Teachers as shall at least be equal (clear of all charges of collection) to the amount of school money apportioned to the several Townships thereof for such year, by the Chief Superintendent of Schools, as notified by him to such Council, through the County Clerk: Provided always, that the sum or sums so levied, may be increased at the discretion of such Council, either to increase the County School Fund, or to give special or additional aid to new or needy school sections, on the recommendation of one or more Local Super

Such sum may be

increased at the discretion of the council; and the additional sum raised may be disposed of at the pleasure of the council, to aid poor school sections or inerease the county school fund.

Time for the payment of the county school assessment.

intendents: Provided also, that the sum required to be levied in such County in each year, for the salaries of legally qualified Teachers, shall be collected and paid into the hands of the County Treasurer, on or before the Fourteenth day of December; and provided likewise, that in case of the non-payment of any part of such sum into the hands of the County Treasurer at that time, no Teacher shall, upon application, be refused the payment of the sum to which he may be entitled from such year's County School non-collection of Fund, but the County Treasurer shall pay any local Superintendent's lawful order in behalf of such Teacher, in anticipation of the payment of the County School assessment; and the County Council shall make the necessary provision to enable the County Treasurer to pay the amount of such lawful order.

No teacher to be refused the payment of his due, on account of the

any part of the county school assessment.

No local Superintendent to have charge of more than 100 schools. notify the Chief County clerk to Superintendent of schools of the names and address of local Superintendents, also of the name and address of the County Treasurer. Το secure all school moneys.

To see that no deduction be made from the

County common school fund.

Fourthly. To see that sufficient security be given by all officers of such Council to whom School moneys shall be entrusted; to sec that no deduction be made from the School Fund by the County Treasurer or Sub-treasurer, for the receipt and payment of School moneys; to appoint, if it shall judge expedient, one or more Sub-treasurers of School moneys, for one or more Townships of such County: Provided always, that each such Sub-treasurer shall be subject to the same responsibilities and obligations in respect to the accounting for School moneys and the payment of lawful orders for such moneys given by any Local Superintendent within the parts of the County for which he is appointed Sub-treasurer, as are imposed by this Act upon each County Treasurer, in respect to the paying and accounting for School moneys.

To appoint a subtreasurer of school moneys at its discretion.

Trustees of the County grammar school and local superintendeuts to constitute a county board of public instruction More than one County board may be appointed in certain cases.

XXVIII And be it enacted, That the Board of Trustees for the County Grammar School and the Local Superintendent or Superintendents of Schools in each County, shall constitute a Board of Public Instruction for such County: Provided always, that where there is more than one Grammar School in a County, the County Council shall have authority to divide such County into as many Circuits as there are County Grammar Schools, and the Trustees of each County Grammar School and the Local Superintendent or Superintendents of Schools in each circuit, shall be a Board of Public Instruction for such circuit: Provided also, that at any lawful meeting of such Board, not less than three members, including a Local Superintendent of Schools, shall constitute a quorum for examining and giving certificates of qualification to Common School Teachers, and not less than five members shall quorum for the transaction of any other business : Provided likewise, that the incidental expenses connected with the meeting and proceedings of each County Board of Public Instruction shall be provided for by the Municipal Council of such County.

XXIX. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of each County Board of Public Instruction :

Firstly. To meet not less than four times a year; to determine the time and places of its own meetings, and the order of its proceedings, and the manner of recording them.

Three (including a superintendent) to be a quorum for the examination of teachersfive for other purposes.

constitute a

Incidental expenses to be defrayed by the county council.

Duties of each county board of public instruction To meet quarterly, &c.

To examine and give certificates

of qualification to teachers.

Secondly. To examine and give certificates of qualification to Teachers of Common Schools, arranging such Teachers into three classes according to their attainments and ability, as shall be prescribed in a programme of examination and instructions to be provided according to law; also to annul any such certificate as it shall judge expe