Embankment Dam Instrumentation Manual |
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Common terms and phrases
abutment assembly automation backfill material baseplate bentonite cable calibration channel Cipolletti concrete construction crest crossarm deflection depth described in section diameter diaphragm discharge downstream drill hole electrical embankment dams equipment extensometer feet field data form files flow flume flushing foundation grout hydraulic inches inclinometer indicator inlet installed instrument length located master gauge measurement points measuring devices meq/L mg/L monitoring movement operation outlet Parshall flume percent piezometer tip pipe cap plastic plate plot plug pneumatic piezometer pneumatic settlement sensor polypropylene porous porous-tube piezometer probe radiosonde readout unit recorded reservoir reservoir water Ridgway Dam riser pipe sample sand Saran plastic section 25 seepage shear strip shown on figure soil standard standpipe steel strain gauge Structural Behavior Branch surface temperature terminal tests thermistor tiltmeter total pressure cell transducer transmitted Trapezoidal trench tube bundle upstream USBR V-notch weirs valve vertical vibrating-wire piezometer water level wire zone
Popular passages
Page ii - This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interest of all our people.
Page ii - The information contained in this report regarding commercial products or firms may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by the Bureau of Reclamation.
Page 74 - ... rectangular weir, a standard suppressed rectangular weir, or a standard Cipolletti weir is determined by the head H in feet and length L in feet. The discharge of the standard 90° V-notch weir is determined directly by the head on the bottom of the V-notch. As the stream passes over the weir the surface curves downward. This curved surface, or draw-down, extends upstream a short distance from the weir notch. The head H must be measured at a point on the water surface of the weir pond beyond...
Page 74 - ... until its top is at the same elevation as the crest of the weir. The depth of the water over this post will be the head on the crest. The post should be placed beyond the effect of the drawdown and close enough to the bank of the channel to be reached easily. After the head is determined the rate of flow, or discharge, may be found by referring to the tables described in succeeding paragraphs. These tables are for free-flow conditions and are applicable only to weirs installed in accordance with...
Page 71 - Where there is sufficient available fall in a canal or channel, and the quantity of water to be measured is not too large, the weir is the most serviceable and economical measuring device.
Page 74 - Stilling- wells described in section 30 may be used for more accurate reading of the head. Where a simple weir is placed across the channel, a flat-top stake or post may be driven into the bed of the weir pond, at the proper distance back from the weir, until its top is at the same elevation as the crest of the weir. The depth of the water over this post will be the head on the crest. The post should be placed beyond the effect of the drawdown and close enough to the bank of the channel to be reached...
Page 119 - Automatic data recording contributes to the complexity of the measurement operation and can introduce an additional and significant source of error. With manual data recording, the technician can scan the data for errors in the check sums and make corrections or reread the casing on the spot. Most...
Page 81 - A downward-sloping floor in the throat gives the flume its ability to withstand relatively high degrees of submergence without affecting the flow rate.
Page 83 - IZXSZSSSZK ot c o flow in the downstream channel becomes sufficient to reduce the velocity, increase the flow depth, and cause a backwater effect at the Parshall flume. It might be expected that the discharge would begin to be reduced as soon as the backwater level, Hb, exceeds the elevation of the flume crest; however, this is not the case. Calibration tests show that the discharge is not reduced until the submergence ratio...
Page 154 - ... region's extensive development of its coastal zone, provides an important case history in seismic risk. Station control for earthquake epicenters has been provided largely by the California Institute of Technology, with significantly improved coverage in the last 10 years from the US Geological Survey, California Division of Mines and Geology, and the Univ.ersity of Southern California (eg, figure 4). However, significant gaps in station coverage still exist. These are largely in the offshore...