Design and construction: Bull.1. General features. Bull.2. Boulder Dam. Bull.5. Penstocks and outlet pipes. Bull.6. Imperial Dam and desilting works

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United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1947 - Arch dams

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Page 82 - The largest rock in the rock fill shall be not more than 1 cu. yd. in volume. The inclusion of gravel or rock spalls in the mass in an amount not in excess of that required to fill the voids in the coarser material shall be required.
Page 81 - Rock excavation, including all solid rock in place which could not be moved until loosened by barring, wedging, or blasting, and all boulders or detached pieces of solid rock more than one cubic yard in volume. Solid rock under this class, as distinguished from soft or disintegrated rock under common excavation, was defined as sound rock of such hardness and texture that it could not be effectively loosened or broken down by hand drifting picks.
Page 17 - The rodman descended from the opposite canyon rim in a vertical line to the river's edge, stopping at points required for accurately delineating the canyon wall surface. Horizontal and vertical angles were read at both transits for each designated point. Over most of the area surveyed, the rodman was lowered by ropes in order to reach otherwise inaccessible places. A 15-foot pole, with a flag attached at one end, was used to reach the back of caves or below overhanging cliffs ; but in many instances...
Page 17 - The rodman was lowered by %-inch rope, snubbed around two drills driven securely into crevices in the rock. When he reached the river's edge, he removed the rope and returned by trail and ladders to the top. While one rodman was returning, another was being lowered at a different location. In making the survey, about 4,000 points were located in one section of the canyon wall having a horizontal area of 330 feet by 660 feet, the greater dimension being parallel to the river.
Page 81 - ... soft or disintegrated rock under common excavation, is defined as sound rock of such hardness and texture that it can not be effectively loosened or broken down by hand drifting picks. Common excavation.— All material required to be excavated except solid rock, including earth, gravel, and also indurated material of all kinds such as hardpan, cemented gravel, and soft or disintegrated rock, which may require blasting before removal by team-drawn scrapers or excavating machinery; also all...

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