[References are to sections]

INTERSTATE CARRIERS-Continued

3. Incidental services.

transfer, 174.

switching, 177.
lighterage, 178.
drayage, 179.

loading, 180.

refrigeration, 181.
elevation, 182.

storage, 183.

transit privileges, 184.

transportation services, 185, 735.

term "transportation" in the Act, 160.
facilities in the course of transit, 174, 910.

4. Whether an interstate carrier.

provisions of the Act, 166.

carrier acting wholly within one State, 124.

railroad participating in through movement, 124.
carrier keeping itself from concurrences, 126.
receiving no freight on through bills, 126.

irrespective of common control, 136.

operating wholly within a State, 136.

if through billing and rating, 136.

who must file reports, 952.
who must keep accounts, 953.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE,
provisions of the Act, 110.

1. Foreign commerce.

provisions of the Act, 110.

scope of power conferred, 111.

foreign carriers, 112.

ocean carriers, 113.

foreign carriers and discriminations, 114.

inland portion of foreign commerce, 115.

2. Interstate commerce.

what are considered States, 122.

what constitutes commerce between the States, 123.

traffic in movement between States, 124.

termini within a single State, 125.

carriage wholly within a State, 126.

local carriage when through transportation contemplated, 127.
beginning and ending of interstate transit, 128.

precedent and subsequent transportation, 129.

3. Continuous carriage under common control.

existence of common arrangement, 132.
continuity of interstate shipment, 133.
relations with water lines, 134.

[References are to sections]

INTERSTATE COMMERCE-Continued

what constitutes continuous carriage, 135.

local carrier participating in through carriage, 136.
intrastate part of interstate movement, 137.

line of the distinction, 138.

device to break through shipment, 139.

4. Traffic rated moving through.

publishing of proportional rates, 140.

transit privileges under through arrangements, 141.
requisites of port proportionals, 116.

export and import rates, 117.

import rates may be regulated by competition, 118.
export rates regulated by competition, 119.

foreign competition justifies only necessary differences, 120.
limitations upon export and import rates, 121.

See FEDERAL AND STATE JURISDICTION.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACTS,

1. The establishment of the federal commission.
provisions of the Acts, 50.

development of legislative control, 51.

the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, 70.
scope of the original provisions, 71.

the immediate amendments found necessary, 72.
The Elkins Act of 1903, 73.

the long and short haul clause, 74.
limited jurisdiction over rates, 75.
lack of power over through rates, 76.
the occasion for radical changes, 77.
2. The strengthening of the Commission.
The Hepburn Act of 1906, 78.
effect of these amendments, 79.
occasion for the Act, 80.

installation of private switches, 81.
regulation of private facilities, 82.
power to fix maximum rates, 83.

ordering through routes and rates, 84.

the problem of the industrial railways, 85.

3. The elaboration of its powers.

The Mann Act of 1910, 86.

the new long and short haul clause, 87.

establishment of through routes, 88.

suspension of rate advances, 89.

the Hadley Commission, 90.

the Commerce Court, 91.

The Panama Act, 92.

The Valuation Act, 93.

The Clayton Act, 982.

[References are to sections]

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACTS-Continued

4. Recent decisions defining jurisdiction.

the Abilene Oil case, 94.

the Proctor Gamble case, 95.

the Williamette Valley case, 96.

the Lemon Rates case, 97.

the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern case, 98.

the Minnesota Rate case, 99.

the Shreveport case, 100.

the Intermountain case, 101.

the Pipe Line case, 102.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION,
1. Bases of Commission regulation.

regulation of rates by the State, 992.
ways in which power is exercised, 993.
power to pass on reasonableness, 994.
fixing rates by Commission, 996.
nature of their powers, 997.

delegation of rate-making power, 998.
nature of the Commission, 1000.
functions of the Commission, 1001.

2. Administrative functions of the Commission.
provisions of the Act, 1030.

basis of its powers, 1002.

limitations upon its jurisdiction, 1003.

extent of its supervision, 1004.

visitorial powers in general, 1105.

what supervision implies, 1006.

status of the Commission, 1007.

due process of administration, 1020.

jealous protection of substantial rights, 1021.

3. Authority to investigate conditions.

investigation by the Commission, 1008.

limitation of its scope, 1009.

investigation by federal Commission, 1010.

extent of its powers, 1010.

investigation by the Commission, 1016.

investigation of new tariff, 1017.

investigation by order of Congress, 1018.

procedure upon such investigation, 1019.

4. Power to order changes.

provisions of the Act, 1070.

power to fix rates originally denied, 1032.

powers established by later amendments, 1034.
orders of the Commission, 1031.

no disturbance of reasonable rates, 1035.

basis of fixing reasonable rates, 1036.

[References are to sections]

INTERSTATE COMMERCE-Continued

what constitutes continuous carriage, 135.

local carrier participating in through carriage, 136.
intrastate part of interstate movement, 137.
line of the distinction, 138.

device to break through shipment, 139.

4. Traffic rated moving through.

publishing of proportional rates, 140.

transit privileges under through arrangements, 141.
requisites of port proportionals, 116.

export and import rates, 117.

import rates may be regulated by competition, 118.

export rates regulated by competition, 119.

foreign competition justifies only necessary differences, 120.
limitations upon export and import rates, 121.
See FEDERAL AND STATE JURISDICTION.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACTS,

1. The establishment of the federal commission.
provisions of the Acts, 50.

development of legislative control, 51.

the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, 70.
scope of the original provisions, 71.

the immediate amendments found necessary, 72.
The Elkins Act of 1903, 73.

the long and short haul clause, 74.
limited jurisdiction over rates, 75.
lack of power over through rates, 76.
the occasion for radical changes, 77.
2. The strengthening of the Commission.
The Hepburn Act of 1906, 78.
effect of these amendments, 79.
occasion for the Act, 80.

installation of private switches, 81.
regulation of private facilities, 82.
power to fix maximum rates, 83.

ordering through routes and rates, 84.

the problem of the industrial railways, 85.

3. The elaboration of its powers.

The Mann Act of 1910, 86.

the new long and short haul clause, 87.

establishment of through routes, 88.

suspension of rate advances, 89.

the Hadley Commission, 90.

the Commerce Court, 91.

The Panama Act, 92.

The Valuation Act, 93.

The Clayton Act, 982.

[References are to sections]

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACTS-Continued

4. Recent decisions defining jurisdiction.

the Abilene Oil case, 94.

the Proctor Gamble case, 95.

the Williamette Valley case, 96.

the Lemon Rates case, 97.

the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern case, 98.

the Minnesota Rate case, 99.

the Shreveport case, 100.

the Intermountain case, 101.

the Pipe Line case, 102.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION,
1. Bases of Commission regulation.

regulation of rates by the State, 992.
ways in which power is exercised, 993.
power to pass on reasonableness, 994.
fixing rates by Commission, 996.
nature of their powers, 997.

delegation of rate-making power, 998.
nature of the Commission, 1000.
functions of the Commission, 1001.

2. Administrative functions of the Commission.
provisions of the Act, 1030.

basis of its powers, 1002.

limitations upon its jurisdiction, 1003.

extent of its supervision, 1004.

visitorial powers in general, 1105.

what supervision implies, 1006.

status of the Commission, 1007.

due process of administration, 1020.

jealous protection of substantial rights, 1021.

3. Authority to investigate conditions.

investigation by the Commission, 1008.

limitation of its scope, 1009.

investigation by federal Commission, 1010.

extent of its powers, 1010.

investigation by the Commission, 1016.

investigation of new tariff, 1017.

investigation by order of Congress, 1018.
procedure upon such investigation, 1019.

4. Power to order changes.

provisions of the Act, 1070.

power to fix rates originally denied, 1032.

powers established by later amendments, 1034.
orders of the Commission, 1031.

no disturbance of reasonable rates, 1035.
basis of fixing reasonable rates, 1036.